Transcriptome-wide piRNA profiling in human brains of Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
Discovered in the brains of multiple animal species, piRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The present study aimed to identify brain piRNAs across transcriptome that are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prefrontal cortical tissues of 6 AD cases and 6 controls were examined for piRNA expression levels using an Arraystar HG19 piRNA array (containing 23,677 piRNAs) and genotyped for 17 genome-wide significant and replicated risk SNPs. We examined whether piRNAs are expressed differently between AD cases and controls and explored the potential regulatory effects of risk SNPs on piRNA expression levels. We identified a total of 9453 piRNAs in human brains, with 103 nominally (p < 0.05) differentially (>1.5 fold) expressed in AD cases versus controls and most of the 103 piRNAs nominally correlated with genome-wide significant risk SNPs. We conclude that piRNAs are abundant in human brains and may represent risk biomarkers of AD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
piRNAs have recently been reported to be differentially expressed in the human Alzheimer's disease brain.
“Since flamenco is known to encode a major piRNA cluster3,26, and piRNAs have recently been reported to be differentially expressed in the human Alzheimer’s disease brain27,28, we next determined if piRNAs are involved in dysfunctional transposable element control in the tauopathy brain.”
From Pathogenic tau-induced piRNA depletion promotes neuronal death through transposable element dysregulation in neurodegenerative tauopathies (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Meta-Analysis of 74,046 Individuals Identifies 11 New Susceptibility Loci for Alzheimer’s Disease
(EADI), E. A. D. I., Lambert, J.-C., (GERAD), G. A. E. R. I. A. D., Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Consortium (ADGC), (CHARGE), C. F. H. A. A. R. I. G. E., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C. A., Harold, D., Naj, A. C., Sims, R., Bellenguez, C., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2802 · Cited by 4,336 · see citing works
Harold, D., Abraham, R., Hollingworth, P., Sims, R., Gerrish, A., Hamshere, M. L., Pahwa, J. S., Moskvina, V., Dowzell, K., Williams, A., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.440 · Cited by 3,326 · see citing works
Discrete Small RNA-Generating Loci as Master Regulators of Transposon Activity in Drosophila
Brennecke, J., Aravin, A. A., Stark, A., Dus, M., Kellis, M., Sachidanandam, R., & Hannon, G. J. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.043 · Cited by 2,524 · see citing works
Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and CR1 associated with Alzheimer's disease
the European Alzheimer's Disease Initiative Investigators, Lambert, J.-C., Heath, S., Even, G., Campion, D., Sleegers, K., Hiltunen, M., Combarros, O., Zelenika, D., Bullido, M. J., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.439 · Cited by 2,234 · see citing works
Initiative, T. A. D. N., Hollingworth, P., CHARGE consortium, EADI1 consortium, Harold, D., Sims, R., Gerrish, A., Lambert, J.-C., Carrasquillo, M. M., Abraham, R., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.803 · Cited by 1,997 · see citing works
Naj, A. C., Jun, G., Beecham, G. W., Wang, L.-S., Vardarajan, B. N., Buros, J., Gallins, P. J., Buxbaum, J. D., Jarvik, G. P., Crane, P. K., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.801 · Cited by 1,901 · see citing works
A germline-specific class of small RNAs binds mammalian Piwi proteins
Girard, A., Sachidanandam, R., Hannon, G. J., & Carmell, M. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04917 · Cited by 1,762 · see citing works
A novel class of small RNAs bind to MILI protein in mouse testes
Aravin, A., Gaidatzis, D., Pfeffer, S., Lagos-Quintana, M., Landgraf, P., Iovino, N., Morris, P., Brownstein, M. J., Kuramochi-Miyagawa, S., Nakano, T., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04916 · Cited by 1,516 · see citing works
Small non-coding RNAs in animal development
Stefani, G., & Slack, F. J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2347 · Cited by 1,361 · see citing works
Genome-wide Analysis of Genetic Loci Associated With Alzheimer Disease
Seshadri, S. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.574 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
A Slicer-Mediated Mechanism for Repeat-Associated siRNA 5' End Formation in Drosophila
Gunawardane, L. S., Saito, K., Nishida, K. M., Miyoshi, K., Kawamura, Y., Nagami, T., Siomi, H., & Siomi, M. C. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1140494 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
Characterization of the piRNA Complex from Rat Testes
Lau, N. C., Seto, A. G., Kim, J., Kuramochi‐Miyagawa, S., Nakano, T., Bartel, D. P., & Kingston, R. E. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1130164 · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Somatic mosaicism in neuronal precursor cells mediated by L1 retrotransposition
Muotri, A. R., Chu, V. T., Marchetto, M. C. N., Deng, W., Moran, J. V., & Gage, F. H. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03663 · Cited by 942 · see citing works
A novel class of small RNAs in mouse spermatogenic cellsPreprint
Grivna, S. T., Beyret, E., Wang, Z., & Lin, H. (2006) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1434406 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
L1 retrotransposition in human neural progenitor cells
Coufal, N. G., Garcia-Perez, J. L., Peng, G. E., Yeo, G. W., Mu, Y., Lovci, M. T., Morell, M., O’Shea, K. S., Moran, J. V., & Gage, F. H. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08248 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Characterization of the piRNA Complex from Rat Testes
Iseni, F., Barge, A., Baudin, F., Blondel, D., Ruigrok, R. W. H., Schoehn, G., & Mavrakis, M. (2006) · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Coon, K. D., Myers, A. J., Craig, D. W., Webster, J. A., Pearson, J. V., Lince, D. H., Zismann, V. L., Beach, T. G., Leung, D., Bryden, L., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v68n0419 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
A Role for Neuronal piRNAs in the Epigenetic Control of Memory-Related Synaptic Plasticity
Rajasethupathy, P., Antonov, I., Sheridan, R., Frey, S., Sander, C., Tuschl, T., & Kandel, E. R. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.057 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
One Loop to Rule Them All: The Ping-Pong Cycle and piRNA-Guided Silencing
Czech, B., & Hannon, G. J. (2016) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.008 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms from a genomewide association study of Alzheimer disease
Li, H., Wetten, S., Li, L., St. Jean, P. L., Upmanyu, R., Surh, L., Hosford, D., Barnes, M. R., Briley, J. D., Borrie, M., et al. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2007.3 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in the soma
Ross, R. J., Weiner, M. M., & Lin, H. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12987 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
piRNAs: from biogenesis to function
Weick, E., & Miska, E. A. (2014) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.094037 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
piRNABank: a web resource on classified and clustered Piwi-interacting RNAs
Lakshmi, S. S., & Agrawal, S. (2007) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkm696 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Shen, L., Kim, S., Risacher, S. L., Nho, K. T., Swaminathan, S., West, J. D., Foroud, T., Pankratz, N., Moore, J. H., Sloan, C., et al. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.042 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
A novel Alzheimer disease locus located near the gene encoding tau protein
Jun, G., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C. A., Vronskaya, M., Lambert, J.-C., Chung, J., Naj, A. C., Kunkle, B. W., Wang, L.-S., Bis, J. C., Bellenguez, C., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.23 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Identification of piRNAs in the central nervous system
Lee, E. J., Banerjee, S., Zhou, H., Jammalamadaka, A., Arcila, M., Manjunath, B. S., & Kosik, K. S. (2011) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.2565011 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Genetic Association Study of Alzheimer Disease in African Americans
Logue, M. W. (2011) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.646 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease
Kamboh, M. I., Demirci, F. Y., Wang, X., Minster, R. L., Carrasquillo, M. M., Pankratz, V. S., Younkin, S. G., Saykin, A. J., Initiative, A. D. N., Jun, G., et al. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.45 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Transposition-Driven Genomic Heterogeneity in the Drosophila Brain
Perrat, P. N., Dasgupta, S., Wang, J., Theurkauf, W. E., Weng, Z., Rosbash, M., & Waddell, S. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1231965 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Widespread expression of piRNA-like molecules in somatic tissues
Zheng, Y., Hu, H., Jiang, X., Maierhofer, V., Neb, E., He, L., Hu, Y., Hu, H., Li, N., Chen, W., et al. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr298 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Kim, S., Swaminathan, S., Shen, L., Risacher, S. L., Nho, K., Foroud, T., Shaw, L. M., Trojanowski, J. Q., Potkin, S. G., Huentelman, M. J., et al. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318204a397 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Ramanan, V. K., Risacher, S. L., Nho, K. T., Kim, S., Swaminathan, S., Shen, L., Foroud, T., Hakonarson, H. H., Huentelman, M. J., Aisen, P. S. S., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.19 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Miyashita, A., Koike, A., Jun, G., Wang, L.-S., Takahashi, S., Matsubara, E., Kawarabayashi, T., Shoji, M., Tomita, N., Arai, H., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058618 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
A genome-wide association study for late-onset Alzheimer's disease using DNA pooling
Abraham, R., Moskvina, V., Sims, R., Hollingworth, P., Morgan, A., Georgieva, L., Dowzell, K., Cichon, S., Hillmer, A. M., O'Donovan, M. C., et al. (2008) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-1-44 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Mice that lack astrotactin have slowed neuronal migration
Adams, N. C., Tomoda, T., Cooper, M. A., Dietz, G. P. H., & Hatten, M. E. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.129.4.965 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Hu, X., Pickering, E. H., Liu, Y. C., Hall, S., Fournier, H., Katz, E., DeChairo, B. M., John, S., Eerdewegh, P. V., Soares, H. D., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016616 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Naj, A. C., Beecham, G. W., Martin, E. R., Gallins, P. J., Powell, E. H., Konidari, I., Whitehead, P. L., Cai, G., Haroutunian, V. H., Scott, W. K., et al. (2010) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001130 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Beyond transposons: the epigenetic and somatic functions of the Piwi-piRNA mechanism
Peng, J. C., & Lin, H. (2013) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2013.01.010 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Roy, J., Sarkar, A., Parida, S., Ghosh, Z., & Mallick, B. (2017) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c6mb00699j · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Genome-Wide Scan of Copy Number Variation in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease
Heinzen, E. L., Need, A. C., Hayden, K. M., Chiba‐Falek, O., Roses, A. D., Strittmatter, W. J., Burke, J. R., Hulette, C. M., Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., & Goldstein, D. B. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1212 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Examination of the current top candidate genes for AD in a genome-wide association study
Feulner, T. M., Laws, S. M., Friedrich, P., Wagenpfeil, S., Wurst, S. H. R., Riehle, C., Kuhn, K. A., Krawczak, M., Schreiber, S., Nikolaus, S., et al. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.141 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Meda, S. A., Narayanan, B., Liu, J., Perrone‐Bizzozero, N. I., Stevens, M. C. G., Calhoun, V. D., Glahn, D. C., Shen, L., Risacher, S. L., Saykin, A. J., et al. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.076 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Untangling the web: The diverse functions of the PIWI/piRNA pathway
Mani, S. R., & Juliano, C. E. (2013) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.22195 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Non-coding RNA interact to regulate neuronal development and function
Iyengar, B. R., Choudhary, A., Sarangdhar, M. A., Venkatesh, K. V., Gadgil, C. J., & Pillai, B. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00047 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Hébert, S. S., Wang, W.-X., Zhu, Q., & Nelson, P. T. (2013) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-122350 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Altered Expression of PIWI RNA in the Rat Brain After Transient Focal Ischemia
Dharap, A. A., Nakka, V. P., & Vemuganti, R. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.598391 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Genome-wide association analysis of age-at-onset in Alzheimer's disease
Kamboh, M. I., Barmada, M. M., Demirci, F. Y., Minster, R. L., Carrasquillo, M. M., Pankratz, V. S., Younkin, S. G., Saykin, A. J., Initiative, T. A. D. N., Sweet, R. A., et al. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.135 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Antúnez, C., Boada, M., González‐Pérez, A., Gayán, J., Ramírez‐Lorca, R., Marín, J., Hernández, I., Moreno‐Rey, C., Morón, F. J., López‐Arrieta, J., et al. (2011) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/gm249 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
ABCC9 gene polymorphism is associated with hippocampal sclerosis of aging pathology
Nelson, P. T., Estus, S., Abner, E. L., Parikh, I. J., Malik, M., Neltner, J. H., Ighodaro, E. T., Wang, W., Wilfred, B. R., Wang, L., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1282-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Sorl1 as an Alzheimer’s Disease Predisposition Gene?
Webster, J., Myers, A. J., Pearson, J. V., Craig, D. W., Hu‐Lince, D., Coon, K., Zismann, V., Beach, T., Leung, D., Bryden, L., et al. (2007) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000110789 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Transposon Silencing by piRNAs
Halić, M., & Moazed, D. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.030 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Multiple loci influencing hippocampal degeneration identified by genome scan
Melville, S. A., Buros, J. L., Parrado, A., Vardarajan, B. N., Logue, M. W., Shen, L., Risacher, S. L., Kim, S., Jun, G., DeCarli, C. S., et al. (2012) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.23644 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Pérez‐Palma, E., Bustos, B. I., Villamán, C., Alarcón, M. A., Ávila, M. E., Ugarte, G. D., Reyes, A. E., Opazo, C., Ferrari, G. V. D., Initiative, T. A. D. N., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095413 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
piRNAs and Their Functions in the Brain
Zuo, L., Wang, Z., Tan, Y., Chen, X., & Luο, X. (2016) · International Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1080/09723757.2016.11886278 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternally deposited germline piRNAs silence the tirant retrotransposon in somatic cells
Akkouche, A., Grentzinger, T., Fablet, M., Armenise, C., Burlet, N., Braman, V., Chambeyron, S., & Vieira, C. P. (2013) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/embor.2013.38 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Variation at APOE and STH loci and Alzheimer's disease
Zuo, L., van Dyck, C. H., Luο, X., Kranzler, H. R., Yang, B., & Gelernter, J. E. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-13 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationRamirez, A., van der Flier, W. M., Herold, C., Ramonet, D., Heilmann, S., Lewczuk, P., Popp, J., Lacour, A., Drichel, D., Louwersheimer, E., et al. (2014) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu372 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Long noncoding RNAs in psychiatric disorders
Zuo, L., Tan, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, K.-S., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Li, C.-S. R., Wang, T., & Luο, X. (2016) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0000000000000129 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sun, W., Samimi, H., Gamez, M., Zare, H., & Frost, B. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0194-1 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Emerging roles and functional mechanisms of PIWI-interacting RNAs
Wang, X., Ramat, A., Simonelig, M., & Liu, M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00528-0 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
The Biogenesis and Functions of piRNAs in Human Diseases
Wu, X., Pan, Y., Fang, Y., Zhang, J., Xie, M., Yang, F., Yu, T., Ma, P., Li, W., & Shu, Y. (2020) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2020.05.023 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
piRBase: integrating piRNA annotation in all aspects
Wang, J., Shi, Y., Zhou, H., Zhang, P., Song, T., Ying, Z., Yu, H., Li, Y., Zhao, Y. C., Zeng, X., et al. (2021) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkab1012 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Kuo, M., Liu, S. C.-H., Hsu, Y.-F., & Wu, R. (2021) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00775-x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Lauretti, E., Dabrowski, K. R., & Praticò, D. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101425 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Schulze, M., Sommer, A., Plötz, S., Farrell, M., Winner, B., Grosch, J., Winkler, J., & Riemenschneider, M. J. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0561-x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Li, M., Yang, Y., Wang, Z., Zong, T., Fu, X., Aung, L. H. H., Wang, K., Wang, J., & Yu, T. (2020) · Angiogenesis · doi:10.1007/s10456-020-09750-w · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ilieva, M. S. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13121063 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Repetitive elements in aging and neurodegeneration
Copley, K. E., & Shorter, J. (2023) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.008 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
PIWI Proteins and piRNAs in the Nervous System.
Kim, K. W. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.14348/molcells.2019.0241 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Ao, X., Yu, W., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Chang, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.654978 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Z.-Y., Wen, Z.-J., Xu, H.-M., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Y.-F. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.1004221 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationWei, H., Xu, Y., & Liu, B. (2020) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbaa058 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Fitz, N. F., Wang, J., Kamboh, M. I., Koldamova, R., & Lefterov, I. (2021) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105481 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Despite the recent interest in piRNAs as biomarkers, especially in brain and dementia, little is known about their role in AD (Jain et al., 2019; Mao et al., 2019; Qiu et al., 2017; Roy et al., 2017).”
An old weapon with a new function: PIWI-interacting RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases
Huang, X., & Wong, G. (2021) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-021-00233-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Role of piRNA biogenesis and its neuronal function in the development of neurodegenerative diseases
Sato, K., Takayama, K.-I., & Inoue, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1157818 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Casier, K., Boivin, A., Carré, C., & Teysset, L. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8091108 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Identification of piRNA disease associations using deep learning
Ali, S. D., Tayara, H., & Chong, K. T. (2022) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.026 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ngum, J. A., Tatang, F. J., Toumeni, M. H., Nguengo, S. N., Simo, U. S. F., Mezajou, C. F., Kameni, C., Ngongang, N. N., Tchinda, M. F., Dongmo, F. F. D., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1144836 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Non-coding RNA in cystic fibrosis
Glasgow, A. M. A., Santi, C. D., & Greene, C. M. (2018) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20170469 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Awakening the dark side: retrotransposon activation in neurodegenerative disorders
Ochoa Thomas, E., Zuniga, G., Sun, W., & Frost, B. (2020) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2020.01.012 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Nguyen, L. D., Chau, R. K., & Krichevsky, A. M. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12122005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Disrupting the hippocampal Piwi pathway enhances contextual fear memory in mice
Leighton, L. J., Wei, W., Marshall, P. R., Ratnu, V. S., Li, X., Zajaczkowski, E. L., Spadaro, P. A., Khandelwal, N., Kumar, A., & Bredy, T. W. (2019) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2019.04.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Transcriptome‑wide piRNA profiling in human gastric cancer
Lin, X., Xia, Y., Hu, D., Mao, Q., Yu, Z., Zhang, H., Li, C., Chen, G., Liu, F., Zhu, W., et al. (2019) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2019.7073 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationGardner, O. K., Wang, L., Booven, D. V., Whitehead, P. L., Hamilton‐Nelson, K. L., Adams, L. D., Starks, T. D., Hofmann, N. K., Vance, J. M., Cuccaro, M. L., et al. (2019) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddz110 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Pierouli, K., Papakonstantinou, E., Papageorgiou, L., Diakou, I., Mitsis, Τ., Dragoumani, K., Spandidos, D. A., Bacopoulou, F., Chrousos, G. P., Goulielmos, G. N., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2022.5208 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Rabaneda‐Bueno, R., Mena‐Montes, B., Torres‐Castro, S., Torres‐Carrillo, N., & Torres-Carrillo, N. M. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12121959 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
PIWI-interacting RNAs and PIWI proteins in glioma: molecular pathogenesis and role as biomarkers
Tamtaji, O. R., Behnam, M., Pourattar, M. A., Hamblin, M. R., Mahjoubin‐Tehran, M., Mirzaei, H., & Asemi, Z. (2020) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-020-00657-z · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Specchia, V., Puricella, A., D’Attis, S., Massari, S., Giangrande, A., & Bozzetti, M. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00010 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bacalini, M. G., Palombo, F., Garagnani, P., Giuliani, C., Fiorini, C., Caporali, L., Maserati, M. S., Capellari, S., Romagnoli, M., Fanti, S. D., et al. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00477-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Distinct Profiles of Cell-Free MicroRNAs in Plasma of Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Lee, M. Y., Baxter, D. H., Scherler, K., Kim, T., Wu, X., Amara, D. A., Flory, J. D., Yehuda, R., Marmar, C. R., Jett, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8070963 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Non-coding RNAs: ever-expanding diversity of types and functions
Lakhotia, S. C., Mallick, B., & Roy, J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817193-6.00002-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Functional Interplay between Small Non-Coding RNAs and RNA Modification in the Brain
Leighton, L. J., & Bredy, T. W. (2018) · Non-Coding RNA · doi:10.3390/ncrna4020015 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Chen, K., Wang, N., Zhang, D., Yang, Q., Zhang, Q., Liu, P., Wan, M., Gong, C., Hong, X., et al. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180779 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationZhan, L., Chen, M., Pang, T., Li, X., Long, L., Liang, D., Peng, L., Sun, W., & Xu, E. (2022) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13109 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Differential expression and correlation of immunoregulation related piRNA in rheumatoid arthritis
Ren, R., Tan, H., Huang, Z., Wang, Y., & Yang, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175924 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Huang, X., Wang, C., Zhang, T., Li, R., Chen, L., Leung, K. L., Lakso, M., Zhou, Q., Zhang, H., & Wong, G. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41881-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Genome-wide significant, replicated and functional risk variants for Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, X., Qiu, W., García-Milian, R., Lin, X., Zhang, Y., Cao, Y., Tan, Y., Wang, Z., Shi, J., Wang, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1773-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationCabral, G. F., Schaan, A. P., Cavalcante, G. C., Sena-dos-Santos, C., de Souza, T. P., Port’s, N. M. D. S., Pinheiro, J. A. D. S., Ribeiro‐dos‐Santos, Â., & Vidal, A. F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22189839 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
iPiDA-LTR: Identifying piwi-interacting RNA-disease associations based on Learning to Rank
Zhang, W., Hou, J., & Liu, B. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010404 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-coding RNAs involved in the molecular pathology of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review
Canoy, R. J., Sy, J. C., Deguit, C. D. T., Castro, C. B., Dimaapi, L. J., Panlaqui, B. G. T., Perian, W., Yu, J. R., Velasco, J. M., Sevilleja, J. E., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1421675 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sun, T., & Han, X. (2019) · ExRNA · doi:10.1186/s41544-019-0021-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dubois, C., Kong, G., Tran, H., Li, S., Pang, T. Y., Hannan, A. J., & Renoir, T. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02342-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
PiRNA in Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Cardiac Remodeling and Cardiac Protection
Zhang, K., Li, Y., Huang, Y., & Sun, K. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s12265-023-10353-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
PIWI-interacting RNAs in human diseases: databases and computational models
Zhang, T., Chen, L., Li, R., Liu, N., Huang, X., & Wong, G. (2022) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbac217 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Recent advances of PIWI‐interacting RNA in cardiovascular diseases
Li, B., Wang, K., Cheng, W., Fang, B., Li, Y. H., Yang, S. M., Zhang, M. H., Wang, Y., & Wang, K. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1770 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hime, G. R., Stonehouse, S. L., & Pang, T. Y. (2021) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.711 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Transcriptome-wide piRNA profiling in human brains for aging genetic factors.
Mao, Q., Fan, L., Wang, X., Lin, X., Cao, Y., Zheng, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., García-Milian, R., Kang, L., et al. (2019) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationPIWI-Interacting RNAs: A Pivotal Regulator in Neurological Development and Disease
Pan, X. M., Dai, W., Wang, Z., Li, S., Sun, T., & Miao, N. (2024) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes15060653 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Liu, W., Tao, J., Hu, J., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2025.117261 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Qian, Y., He, Q., & Deng, L. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669592 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dudzik, J., Czechowicz, P., Więch, A., Sławski, J., Collawn, J. F., & Bartoszewski, R. (2025) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews - RNA · doi:10.1002/wrna.70012 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Feng, N., Liu, C., Zhu, Y., Cai, S., Xie, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, H., Xiao, G., Long, H., & Peng, S. (2025) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-025-01503-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationExosomes and non-coding RNAs: bridging the gap in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis and therapeutics
Chunhui, G., You, Y., Chen, J., Luo, N., & Li, F. (2025) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-024-01520-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Statsenko, Y. A., Kuznetsov, N. V., & Ljubisavljević, M. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13020460 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The piRNA pathway in planarian flatworms: new model, new insights
Kim, I. V., Riedelbauch, S., & Kuhn, C. (2020) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/hsz-2019-0445 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, P., Sun, W., Wei, D., Li, G., Xu, J., You, Z., Zhao, B.-W., & Li, L. (2023) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-022-05073-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Small non-coding RNA transcriptomic profiling in adult and fetal human brain
Smal, M. P., Memoli, D., Alexandrova, E., Rosa, D. D., D’Agostino, Y., Russo, F., Giurato, G., Nassa, G., Tarallo, R., Weisz, A., et al. (2024) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03604-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Specific PIWI-Interacting Small Noncoding RNA Expression Patterns in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Zhang, X., Liang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhu, M., Zhu, Y., Li, S., Zhao, W., Hu, X., & Wang, J. (2019) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2018-0142 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationAlterations of mRNAs and Non-coding RNAs Associated with Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Hernández-Contreras, K. A., Martínez-Díaz, J. A., Hernández‐Aguilar, M. E., Herrera‐Covarrubias, D., Rojas-Durán, F., Chi-Castañeda, D., García, L. I., & Aranda-Abreu, G. E. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03908-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
HIV-1 Tat and Cocaine Coexposure Impacts Pirnas to Affect Astrocyte Energy Metabolism
Doke, M., Kashanchi, F., Khan, M. A., & Samikkannu, T. (2022) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2021-0252 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Increased serum piwi-interacting RNAs as a novel potential diagnostic tool for brucellosis
Wang, C., Zhang, C., Fu, Q., Zhang, N., Ding, M., Zhou, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, F., Zhang, C., Zhang, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.992775 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The potential of piR-823 as a diagnostic biomarker in oncology: A systematic review
Sohn, E. J., Han, M., Park, Y. M., Kim, Y. H., & Oh, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294685 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Non-Coding RNAs: lncRNA, piRNA, and snoRNA as Robust Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Xin, R., Kim, E., Li, W. T., Wang‐Rodriguez, J., & Ongkeko, W. M. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15060806 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Subhramanyam, C. S., Cao, Q., Wang, C., Heng, Z. S., Zhou, Z., & Hu, Q. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02678-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
piRPheno: a manually curated database to prioritize and analyze human disease related piRNAsPreprint
Zhang, W., Wu, S., Zhang, H., Guan, W. X., Zeng, B., Wei, Y., Chan, G., & Li, W. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.334219 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationDisease Diagnosis Based on Nucleic Acid Modifications
Xue, X., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., & Zhou, X. (2023) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.3c00251 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
piRNAs in the pathophysiology of disease and potential clinical applications
Krishnan, P., & Damaraju, S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815669-8.00013-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
piRNAs and endo-siRNAs: Small molecules with large roles in the nervous system
Ow, M. C., & Hall, S. E. (2021) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105086 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Circulating PIWI-interacting RNAs in Acute Ischemic Stroke patients
Toor, S. M., Al‐Dous, E., Parray, A., Akhtar, N., Al-Sarraj, Y. A., Arredouani, A., Pir, G. J., Pananchikkal, S. V., El‐Agnaf, O. M. A., Shuaib, A. M., et al. (2025) · Non-coding RNA Research · doi:10.1016/j.ncrna.2025.01.005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
MRDPDA: A multi‐Laplacian regularized deepFM model for predicting piRNA‐disease associations
Liu, Y., Zhang, F., Ding, Y., Fei, R., Li, J., & Wu, F. (2024) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70046 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chennakesavan, K., Haorah, J., & Samikkannu, T. (2025) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102473 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Li, S., Guo, M., Long, Y., Cai, Y., Zhao, Y., Huang, S., Yang, H., Fan, Y., Chen, X., & Jin, X. K. (2025) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.70260 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Beatini, S., Rosa, L. L., Giantomasi, L., & Tonelli, D. D. P. (2025) · Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bosn.2025.06.003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
PIWI ‐interacting RNAs and human testicular function
Saritaş, G., Main, A. M., Winge, S. B., Mørup, N., & Almstrup, K. (2022) · WIREs Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1002/wsbm.1572 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Noncoding RNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease: Overview of Functional and Therapeutic Significance
Adiga, D., Eswaran, S., Sriharikrishnaa, S., Khan, N. G., Kumar, D., & Kabekkodu, S. P. (2024) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0115680266293212240405042540 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
PIWI-Interacting RNAs in brain health and disease: biogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic horizons
Cai, Y., Huang, S., Dong, Y., Li, S., & Jin, X. K. (2025) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-025-06958-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An Update on Neuroaging on Earth and in Spaceflight
Kuznetsov, N. V., Statsenko, Y., & Ljubisavljevic, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26041738 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comprehensive evaluation of differential expression of piRNAs in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Jiang, X., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Yang, Y., & Yu, T. (2025) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.111785 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationLKLPDA: A Low-Rank Fast Kernel Learning Approach for Predicting piRNA-Disease Associations
Shi, Q., Zheng, K., Li, H., Wang, B., Liang, X., Li, X., & Wang, J. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1109/tcbb.2024.3452055 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Serum‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biological Indicator of Mobility Resilience in Older Adults
Fitz, N. F., Kumar, A., Su, Y., Sharma, M., Singh, S., Koldamova, R. P., Lefterov, I. M., Sahu, A., Ambrosio, F., Rosano, C., et al. (2026) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.70470 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
El‐Mansoury, B., Hayes, A., Egan, S., Higgins, J. S., Keane, S. B., Langa, E., Ghani, E., Venø, M. T., Heiland, M., Henshall, D. C., et al. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15111612 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
He, X., Wu, H., Ye, Y., Gong, X., & Bao, B. (2022) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-022-08787-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Advances in the Mechanism of ceRNA Regulation in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Liu, Q., Ma, L., Zhou, C.-R., Chen, T.-Q., Wu, W.-F., Miao, H., Wu, Y., & Zhou, C.-H. (2025) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/011570159x391415250707115740 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
PDA-GCN: Predicting Piwi-interacting RNA-Disease Associations Based on Graph Convolution Network
Su, H., & Gao, H. (2023) · International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (ICBCB) · doi:10.1109/icbcb57893.2023.10246495 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Roy, R., Karpagavalli, M., Ramesh, A., Arunachalam, J. P., Sadras, S. R., & Chidambaram, S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15280-1.00006-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Study on the Role of piRNAs in Cancer Epigenetics
Ganesan, A. T., Adhikary, S., Das, A., Dey, A., Banerjee, A., & Pathak, S. (2023) · RNA technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36390-0_22 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
He, S., Wang, J., & Zhang, P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8270-7_21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Trostnikov, M. V., Malyshev, D. R., & PASYUKOVA, E. G. (2023) · Russian Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1134/s1022795423110145 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hippocampal knockdown of Piwil1 and Piwil2 enhances contextual fear memory in micePreprint
Leighton, L. J., Wei, W., Ratnu, V. S., Li, X., Zajaczkowski, E. L., Spadaro, P. A., Khandelwal, N., Kumar, A., & Bredy, T. W. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/298570 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Noncoding RNAs and Epigenetic Regulation in Aging
Thangaraj, A., Periyasamy, P., Chen, L., Kutchy, N. A., Hu, G.-K., & Buch, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22716-9
Ryoo, H. D. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.733685711.793549102
Noncoding RNAs as modulators of post-transcriptional changes and their role in CVDs
Sharma, S., Chanchal, S., Khan, Y., & Ashraf, Z. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91305-8.00015-6
Santana, M. M., Silva, P., Pinto, M. M., Gaspar, L. S., Nobre, R. J., Duarte, S., Marques, T. M., Gama‐Carvalho, M., Januário, C., Cunha, I., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.04.574044
Trostnikov, M. V., Malyshev, D. R., & PASYUKOVA, E. G. (2023) · Генетика · doi:10.31857/s0016675823110140
piRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanisms of pathogenesis and therapeutic potential
Barreto, J. S. R., Aguirre-Patiño, J. S., Moncada, L. T. P., & Alvear, R. F. V. (2025) · Acta neurológica colombiana · doi:10.22379/anc.v41i2.1918
García‐Ruano, C., Costa, A., Palou, A., & Oliver, P. (2025) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70262
He, X., Wu, H., Ye, Y., Gong, X., & Bao, B. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20430593
- Authors
- Qiu, W., Guo, X., Lin, X., Yang, Q., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zuo, L., Zhu, Y., Li, C.-S. R., Ma, C., & Luo, X.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Shanghai Mental Health Center (CN)
- Fujian Medical University (CN)
- Tianjin Anding Hospital (CN)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ma, Chao
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 57
- Pages
- 170-177
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5542056
- OpenAlex
- W2620580060
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- China Human Brain Bank Consortium
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81373150, 81271239, 81202371, 81201057, 81171091, 91632113)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Keywords
- piRNA, Alzheimer's disease, prefrontal cortex, risk biomarkers, gene expression profiling
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Humans, Risk, Biomarkers, Gene Expression, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA, Small Interfering, Microarray Analysis, Genome-Wide Association Study, Transcriptome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
