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Cited by 41RNA Interference and Gene DeliveryNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsCancer-related molecular mechanisms research

Role of piRNA biogenesis and its neuronal function in the development of neurodegenerative diseases

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Sato, Kaoru, Takayama, Ken-ichi, Inoue, Satoshi·2023·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
DOI 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1157818PMC PMC10191213
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Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are caused by neuronal loss and dysfunction. Despite remarkable improvements in our understanding of these pathogeneses, serious worldwide problems with significant public health burdens are remained. Therefore, new efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a major class of small non-coding RNAs that silence gene expression through transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that piRNAs, originally found in the germ line, are also produced in non-gonadal somatic cells, including neurons, and further revealed the emerging roles of piRNAs, including their roles in neurodevelopment, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the piRNA roles in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, we first reviewed on recent updates on neuronal piRNA functions, including biogenesis, axon regeneration, behavior, and memory formation, in humans and mice. We also discuss the aberrant expression and dysregulation of neuronal piRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, PD, and ALS. Moreover, we review pioneering preclinical studies on piRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying piRNA biogenesis and their functions in the brain would provide new perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AD and various neurodegenerative diseases.

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  • Numerous reports have detected small RNAs with piRNA length and sequence features in the brain via small RNA sequencing, including in postnatal mouse brain development.

    “There are numerous reports of small RNAs with piRNA length and sequence features being detected in the brain via small RNA sequencing, including in postnatal mouse brain development”

    From The Role of Retrotransposons and Endogenous Retroviruses in Age-Dependent Neurodegenerative Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as Sato et al. 2023

    The Introduction and “Neuronal expression of piRNAs” section (pages unavailable) describe piRNA length and report multiple studies detecting piRNAs in brains. The Introduction links small-RNA discovery generally to next-generation sequencing, but our copy does not establish that the cited brain detections used small RNA sequencing or describe detection during postnatal mouse brain development. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Sato, K., Takayama, K.-I., & Inoue, S.
Affiliations
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (JP)
Corresponding author
Inoue, Satoshi
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2023-05-03
Volume
15
Pages
1157818-1157818
ISSN
1663-4365 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fnagi.2023.1157818
PMC
PMC10191213
OpenAlex
W4368405210
Cited by
41
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 3
FWCI
1.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Kowa Company
  • Kowa Life Science Foundation
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21H04829, 20K06596, 20K07350, 23K06408)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Keywords
piRNA biogenesis, piRNA, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, small RNA, axon regeneration, memory formation, biomarkers, therapeutic target

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