Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action: Electrophysiological responses and functional and structural connectivity
Open accessAbstract
Both the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) are important for stopping action outright. These regions are also engaged when preparing to stop. We aimed to elucidate the roles of these regions by harnessing the high spatio-temporal resolution of electrocorticography (ECoG), and by using a task that engages both preparing to stop and stopping outright. First, we validated the task using fMRI in 16 healthy control participants to confirm that both the preSMA and the rIFG were active. Next, we studied a rare patient with intracranial grid coverage of both these regions, using macrostimulation, diffusion tractography, cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) and task-based ECoG. Macrostimulation of the preSMA induced behavioral motor arrest. Diffusion tractography revealed a structural connection between the preSMA and rIFG. CCEP analysis showed that stimulation of the preSMA evoked strong local field potentials within 30 ms in rIFG. During the task, when preparing to stop, there was increased high gamma amplitude (~70-250 Hz) in both regions, with preSMA preceding rIFG by ~750 ms. For outright stopping there was also a high gamma amplitude increase in both regions, again with preSMA preceding rIFG. Further, at the time of stopping, there was an increase in beta band activity (~16 Hz) in both regions, with significantly stronger inter-regional coherence for successful vs. unsuccessful stop trials. The results complement earlier reports of a structural/functional action control network between the preSMA and rIFG. They go further by revealing between-region timing differences in the high gamma band when preparing to stop and stopping outright. They also reveal strong between-region coherence in the beta band when stopping is successful. Implications for theories of action control are discussed.
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In demanding situations of action conflict, the pre-SMA engages response inhibition as an instrument of action selection.
“the pre-SMA engages response inhibition as an instrument of action selection (Swann et al., 2012)”
From Impulsive action: emotional impulses and their control (2014) · cites this paper as Swann et al., 2012
The Results (Experiment 1) show pre-SMA activation when preparing to stop, and the Discussion (Summary and Conclusions; page not provided) says pre-SMA may help configure the stopping network. The paper does not establish that pre-SMA itself implements response inhibition for action selection: it also considers a role for rIFG and says its results cannot distinguish among inhibitory-control accounts. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn demanding situations of action conflict, the inferior frontal cortex is recruited to aid in implementing response inhibition.
“the inferior frontal cortex is recruited to aid in implementing response inhibition (Jahfari et al., 2011; Swann et al., 2012)”
From Impulsive action: emotional impulses and their control (2014) · cites this paper as Swann et al., 2012
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“5 are differences in other frequency bands implicated in cognitive control, such as theta (Cavanagh et al., 2009; Luu et al., 2004; Marco-Pallares et al., 2008; Trujillo and Allen, 2007).”
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“…of action selection (Swann et al., 2012), the inferior frontal cortex is recruited to aid in implementing response inhibition (Jahfari et al., 2011; Swann et al., 2012), and the basal ganglia keep all responses in check until further processing has converged on an action decision, and the final…”
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- Authors
- Swann, N. C., Cai, W., Conner, C. R., Pieters, T. A., Claffey, M. P., George, J. S., Aron, A. R., & Tandon, N.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tandon, Nitin
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 2860-2870
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3322194
- OpenAlex
- W2080316356
- Cited by
- 459
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 12.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH
- NSF Graduate Student Fellowship
- National Center for Research Resources
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- pre-supplementary motor area, right inferior frontal gyrus, action stopping, action control, cortico-cortical evoked potentials, high-gamma oscillations, beta-band coherence, interregional connectivity, diffusion tractography, electrocorticography, local field potentials
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Beta Rhythm, Cues, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Evoked Potentials, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Neural Pathways, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Young Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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