Inhibitory motor control in response stopping and response switching
Open accessAbstract
While much is known about the neural regions recruited in the human brain when a dominant motor response becomes inappropriate and must be stopped, less is known about the regions that support switching to a new, appropriate, response. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging with two variants of the stop-signal paradigm that require either stopping altogether or switching to a different response, we examined the brain systems involved in these two forms of executive control. Both stopping trials and switching trials showed common recruitment of the right inferior frontal gyrus, presupplementary motor area, and midbrain. Contrasting switching trials with stopping trials showed activation similar to that observed on response trials (where the initial response remains appropriate and no control is invoked), whereas there were no regions that showed significantly greater activity for stopping trials compared with switching trials. These results show that response switching can be supported by the same neural systems as response inhibition, and suggest that the same mechanism of rapid, nonselective response inhibition that is thought to support speeded response stopping can also support speeded response switching when paired with execution of the new, appropriate, response.
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Both forms of competing response overlap functionally in depending on inhibitory brain mechanisms.
“Whilst both of these forms of competing response overlap functionally, in terms of depending on inhibitory brain mechanisms [45], the former relies on pure suppression (i.e. no response taking place), while the latter includes engagement in different motor actions , thereby activating different brain areas and cognitive structures [46 -51]”
From Habit as a therapeutic component in psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomised controlled feasibility study. (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
The Discussion reports shared activation in brain regions associated with response inhibition during stopping and switching, supporting the claimed overlap. But it says a common inhibitory process is one interpretation of the results and does not rule out alternative mechanisms for switching; it does not establish that both forms necessarily depend on inhibitory mechanisms. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Kenner, N. M., Mumford, J. A., Hommer, R. E., Skup, M., Leibenluft, E., & Poldrack, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Yale University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-06-23
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 8512-8518
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2905623
- OpenAlex
- W2077095279
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 7.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (Z01MH002778)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- response inhibition, response switching, executive function, stop-signal task, pre-supplementary motor area, right inferior frontal gyrus, midbrain, motor control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mesencephalon, Motor Cortex, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Executive Function
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