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Cited by 124EEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Time course of clinical change following neurofeedback

Open access
Rance, Mariela, Walsh, Christopher, Sukhodolsky, Denis G., Pittman, Brian, Qiu, Maolin, Kichuk, Stephen A., Wasylink, Suzanne, Koller, William N. +5 more·2018·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.001PMC PMC6454268
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Abstract

Neurofeedback - learning to modulate brain function through real-time monitoring of current brain state - is both a powerful method to perturb and probe brain function and an exciting potential clinical tool. For neurofeedback effects to be useful clinically, they must persist. Here we examine the time course of symptom change following neurofeedback in two clinical populations, combining data from two ongoing neurofeedback studies. This analysis reveals a shared pattern of symptom change, in which symptoms continue to improve for weeks after neurofeedback. This time course has several implications for future neurofeedback studies. Most neurofeedback studies are not designed to test an intervention with this temporal pattern of response. We recommend that new studies incorporate regular follow-up of subjects for weeks or months after the intervention to ensure that the time point of greatest effect is sampled. Furthermore, this time course of continuing clinical change has implications for crossover designs, which may attribute long-term, ongoing effects of real neurofeedback to the control intervention that follows. Finally, interleaving neurofeedback sessions with assessments and examining when clinical improvement peaks may not be an appropriate approach to determine the optimal number of sessions for an application.

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  • A general lack of extended follow-up and failure to assess for delayed treatment effects is common in the EEG-neurofeedback literature.

    “however, a general lack of extended follow-up and failure to assess for the emergence of delayed treatment effects is common in the literature [107].”

    From Infraslow closed-loop brain training for anxiety and depression (ISAD): a protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial in adult females with internalizing disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [107]

    The Introduction and Discussion warn that delayed improvement can be missed without follow-up over weeks or months, supporting the concern about study design. But the paper's analysis concerns rt-fMRI neurofeedback, and these passages do not establish that a lack of extended follow-up is common specifically in the EEG-neurofeedback literature. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • Transfer of acquired strategies to everyday life and perceived efficiency have not been systematically examined in PTSD.

    “Moreover, despite increasing evidence for the maintenance of neural regulatory control acquired during NF trainings in the absence of feedback and for periods of several days (Rance et al., 2018, Yao et al., 2016, Zhao et al., 2019) the transfer of the acquired strategies to everyday life and the perceived efficiency have not been systematically examined in PTSD.”

    From Rt-fMRI neurofeedback-guided cognitive reappraisal training modulates amygdala responsivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Rance et al., 2018

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports clinical improvements over weeks after neurofeedback and cites a study in which measures of control over a brain area were maintained at follow-up. It does not establish that this paper measured neural regulatory control without feedback over several days. The statement about everyday-life transfer and perceived efficiency in PTSD is the citing authors’ framing, not a claim attributed to Rance et al. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Rance, M., Walsh, C., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Pittman, B., Qiu, M., Kichuk, S. A., Wasylink, S., Koller, W. N., Bloch, M., Gruner, P., Scheinost, D., Pittenger, C., & Hampson, M.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Hampson, Michelle
ORCID
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-11
Volume
181
Pages
807-813
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.001
PMC
PMC6454268
OpenAlex
W2801541300
Cited by
124
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4
FWCI
8.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K01 MH079130, R01 MH095789, R01 MH100068)
  • NIRSA Foundation (PCT/US2017/036532)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
neurofeedback, treatment persistence, crossover design
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Tourette Syndrome, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Time Factors, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Prefrontal Cortex, Mind-Body Therapies, Neurofeedback, Functional Neuroimaging

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