Multivoxel neurofeedback selectively modulates confidence without changing perceptual performance
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A central controversy in metacognition studies concerns whether subjective confidence directly reflects the reliability of perceptual or cognitive processes, as suggested by normative models based on the assumption that neural computations are generally optimal. This view enjoys popularity in the computational and animal literatures, but it has also been suggested that confidence may depend on a late-stage estimation dissociable from perceptual processes. Yet, at least in humans, experimental tools have lacked the power to resolve these issues convincingly. Here, we overcome this difficulty by using the recently developed method of decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) to systematically manipulate multivoxel correlates of confidence in a frontoparietal network. Here we report that bi-directional changes in confidence do not affect perceptual accuracy. Further psychophysical analyses rule out accounts based on simple shifts in reporting strategy. Our results provide clear neuroscientific evidence for the systematic dissociation between confidence and perceptual performance, and thereby challenge current theoretical thinking.
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Metacognitive efficiency may be modulated in response to meditation, drugs, neurofeedback, brain stimulation, and training.
“Previous work has suggested that metacognitive efficiency may be modulated in response to meditation (Baird et al. 2014), drugs (Hauser et al. 2017), neurofeedback (Cortese et al. 2016), brain stimulation (Shekhar & Rahnev 2018), and training (Carpenter et al. 2019).”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Cortese et al. 2016
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- Authors
- Cortese, A., Amano, K., Koizumi, A., Kawato, M., & Lau, H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (JP)
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kawato, Mitsuo
- Lau, Hakwan
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2016-12-15
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13669-13669
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5171844
- OpenAlex
- W2567525349
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 17
- FWCI
- 11.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- John Templeton Foundation (21569)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- National Institutes of Health
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (16H05862)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS088628)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, confidence, perceptual accuracy, normative model, neurofeedback, frontoparietal network, reporting strategies, perceptual reliability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Parietal Lobe, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Neurofeedback, Functional Neuroimaging
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