Risk-Responsive Orbitofrontal Neurons Track Acquired Salience
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Decision making is impacted by uncertainty and risk (i.e., variance). Activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, an area implicated in decision making, covaries with these quantities. However, this activity could reflect the heightened salience of situations in which multiple outcomes-reward and reward omission-are expected. To resolve these accounts, rats were trained to respond to cues predicting 100%, 67%, 33%, or 0% reward. Consistent with prior reports, some orbitofrontal neurons fired differently in anticipation of uncertain (33% and 67%) versus certain (100% and 0%) reward. However, over 90% of these neurons also fired differently prior to 100% versus 0% reward (or baseline) or prior to 33% versus 67% reward. These responses are inconsistent with risk but fit well with the representation of acquired salience linked to the sum of cue-outcome and cue-no-outcome associative strengths. These results expand our understanding of how the orbitofrontal cortex might regulate learning and behavior.
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OFC neurons have been shown to track salience.
“OFC neurons have been shown to track salience”
From An oxytocin-induced facilitation of neural and emotional responses to social touch correlates inversely with autism traits (2014) · cites this paper as Ogawa et al, 2013
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- Authors
- Ogawa, M., van der Meer, M. A. A., Esber, G. R., Cerri, D. H., Stalnaker, T. A., & Schoenbaum, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ogawa, Masaaki
- Schoenbaum, Geoffrey
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 251-258
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3559000
- OpenAlex
- W2136945089
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 6.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 DA999999)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA015718, R21DA027742, ZIADA000587)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, risk, uncertainty, salience, single-unit activity, reward prediction, decision-making, reward omission, associative learning, cue-outcome associations, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cues, Decision Making, Frontal Lobe, Male, Neurons, Reward, Risk Factors, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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