Cited by 234Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMotor Control and AdaptationRobotic Locomotion and Control

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V1 and V2b Interneurons Secure the Alternating Flexor-Extensor Motor Activity Mice Require for Limbed Locomotion

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Zhang, Jingming, Lanuza, Guillermo M., Britz, Olivier, Wang, Zhi, Siembab, Valerie C., Zhang, Ying, Velasquez, Tomoko, Alvarez, Francisco J., Frank, Eric, Goulding, Martyn·2014·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.013PMC PMC4096991

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Abstract

Reciprocal activation of flexor and extensor muscles constitutes the fundamental mechanism that tetrapod vertebrates use for locomotion and limb-driven reflex behaviors. This aspect of motor coordination is controlled by inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord; however, the identity of the spinal interneurons that serve this function is not known. Here, we show that the production of an alternating flexor-extensor motor rhythm depends on the composite activities of two classes of ventrally located inhibitory neurons, V1 and V2b interneurons (INs). Abrogating V1 and V2b IN-derived neurotransmission in the isolated spinal cord results in a synchronous pattern of L2 flexor-related and L5 extensor-related locomotor activity. Mice lacking V1 and V2b inhibition are unable to articulate their limb joints and display marked deficits in limb-driven reflex movements. Taken together, these findings identify V1- and V2b-derived neurons as the core interneuronal components of the limb central pattern generator (CPG) that coordinate flexor-extensor motor activity.

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Authors: Zhang, J., Lanuza, G. M., Britz, O., Wang, Z., Siembab, V. C., Zhang, Y., Velasquez, T., Alvarez, F. J., Frank, E., & Goulding, M.
Affiliations: Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
Tufts University (US)
Wright State University (US)
Corresponding author: Goulding, Martyn
ORCID: Lanuza, Guillermo M.
Zhang, Ying
Goulding, Martyn
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-04
Volume: 82
Issue: 1
Pages: 138-150
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.013
PMC: PMC4096991
OpenAlex: W2080030366
Cited by: 233
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 9.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 366 d)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Journal of Bioresource Management (submittedVersion, cc-by)
CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, University of California Berkeley
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS031249, R37NS037075, P01NS057228, R56NS047357, R01NS080586, R01NS047357)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Robotic Locomotion and Control
Keywords: spinal interneurons, inhibitory neurotransmission, tetrapod locomotion
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cholera Toxin, Embryo, Mammalian, Extremities, Interneurons, Functional Laterality, Locomotion, Mice, Transgenic, Motor Activity, Mutation, Neural Inhibition, Reflex, Spinal Cord, Tail, Neurotransmitter Agents, Muscle, Skeletal, Mice

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V1 and V2b Interneurons Secure the Alternating Flexor-Extensor Motor Activity Mice Require for Limbed Locomotion

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