Assembly and function of spinal circuits for motor control
Open accessAbstract
Control of movement is a fundamental and complex task of the vertebrate nervous system, which relies on communication between circuits distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord. Many of the networks essential for the execution of basic locomotor behaviors are composed of discrete neuronal populations residing within the spinal cord. The organization and connectivity of these circuits is established through programs that generate functionally diverse neuronal subtypes, each contributing to a specific facet of motor output. Significant progress has been made in deciphering how neuronal subtypes are specified and in delineating the guidance and synaptic specificity determinants at the core of motor circuit assembly. Recent studies have shed light on the basic principles linking locomotor circuit connectivity with function, and they are beginning to reveal how more sophisticated motor behaviors are encoded. In this review, we discuss the impact of developmental programs in specifying motor behaviors governed by spinal circuits.
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Extensive historical studies of mouse cortex and spinal cord cell types have uncovered several common principles.
“The generation and patterning of mouse cortex and spinal cord cell types are two example systems where extensive historical studies have uncovered several common principles (Cadwell et al., 2019; Catela et al., 2015; Jessell, 2000; O’Leary et al., 2007; Osseward and Pfaff, 2019; Sagner and Briscoe, 2019).”
From What is a cell type and how to define it? (2022) · cites this paper as Catela et al., 2015
Later in development, the same neural progenitors also generate non-neuronal cell types such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
“Later in development, the same neural progenitors also generate non-neuronal cell types such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.”
From What is a cell type and how to define it? (2022) · cites this paper as Catela et al., 2015
Driven by transcription factor networks, each type of neural progenitor generates a series of neuronal cell types.
“Second, driven by the transcription factor network, each type of neural progenitors generates a series of neuronal cell types.”
From What is a cell type and how to define it? (2022) · cites this paper as Catela et al., 2015
Opposing morphogen gradients establish the basic plan for cortex (anterior-posterior) or spinal cord (dorsal-ventral) patterning and provide instructive signals for expression of complementary transcription factor activators and repressors, which define distinct neural progenitor domains.
“First, opposing morphogen gradients establish the basic plan for cortex (anterior-posterior) or spinal cord (dorsal-ventral) patterning and provide instructive signals for the expression of complementary sets of transcription factor activators and repressors, which in turn define distinct neural progenitor domains within cortex or spinal cord.”
From What is a cell type and how to define it? (2022) · cites this paper as Catela et al., 2015
The set of cell type-defining transcription factors in a progenitor or daughter cell can change with time, so different neuronal types emanate from the same progenitor in a precisely timed birth order.
“The set of cell type-defining transcription factors in a progenitor or a daughter cell can change with time, such that different neuronal types emanate from the same progenitor in a precisely timed “birth order”.”
From What is a cell type and how to define it? (2022) · cites this paper as Catela et al., 2015
Specific sets of cell adhesion molecules provide guidance cues for axon path finding and synapse formation, leading to assembly of region- and cell type-specific local and global circuit networks.
“Third, specific sets of cell adhesion molecules provide guidance cues for axon path finding and synapse formation, leading to the assembly of region- and cell type-specific local and global circuit networks.”
From What is a cell type and how to define it? (2022) · cites this paper as Catela et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Catela, C., Shin, M. M., & Dasen, J. S.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-11-13
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 669-698
- ISSN
- 1081-0706 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8995
- OpenAlex
- W2126526648
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- spinal cord circuits, motor control, locomotion, neuronal cell types, circuit assembly, synaptic specificity, neuronal specification, developmental programs
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Motor Activity, Nerve Net, Spinal Cord
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