Sucrose or sucrose and caffeine differentially impact memory and anxiety-like behaviours, and alter hippocampal parvalbumin and doublecortin
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Abstract
Caffeinated sugar-sweetened "energy" drinks are a subset of soft drinks that are popular among young people worldwide. High sucrose diets impair cognition and alter aspects of emotional behaviour in rats, however, little is known about sucrose combined with caffeine. Rats were allocated to 2 h/day 10% sucrose (Suc), 10% sucrose plus 0.04% caffeine (CafSuc) or control (water) conditions. The addition of caffeine to sucrose appeared to increase the rewarding aspect of sucrose, as the CafSuc group consumed more solution than the Suc group. After 14 days of intermittent Suc or CafSuc access, anxiety was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) prior to their daily solution access, whereby CafSuc and Suc rats spent more time in the closed arms, indicative of increased anxiety. Following daily solution access, CafSuc, but not Suc, rats showed reduced anxiety-like behaviour in the open-field. Control and CafSuc rats displayed intact place and long-term object memory, while Suc showed impaired memory performance. Sucrose reduced parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, but no differences were observed between Control and CafSuc conditions. Parvalbumin reactivity in the basolateral amygdala did not differ between conditions. Reduced doublecortin immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus relative to controls was seen in the CafSuc, but not Suc, treatment conditions. These findings indicate that the addition of caffeine to sucrose attenuated cognitive deficits. However, the addition of caffeine to sucrose evoked anxiety-like responses under certain testing conditions, suggesting that frequent consumption of caffeinated energy drinks may promote emotional alterations and brain changes compared to standard soft drinks.
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Prolonged intake of high sucrose or fructose diets can induce anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and motivational deficits in rodents.
“While sugar consumption can alleviate stress and pain and improve negative mood and emotional states in the short-term [52], prolonged intake of high sucrose or fructose diets can induce anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors and motivational deficits [53][54][55], effects that are more pronounced during the adolescent period [55][56][57].”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
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The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence
Fulton, S., Décarie-Spain, L., Fioramonti, X., Guiard, B., & Nakajima, S. (2022) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.005 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors
Jacques, A., Chaaya, N., Beecher, K., Ali, S. A., Belmer, A., & Bartlett, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.021 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xu, T. J., & Reichelt, A. C.
- Affiliations
- RMIT University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Reichelt, Amy C.
- ORCID
- Reichelt, Amy C.
- Venue
- Neuropharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 137
- Pages
- 24-32
- ISSN
- 0028-3908 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2951753322
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research (DE140101071)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sucrose, caffeine, energy drinks, sugar-sweetened beverages, anxiety-like behavior, memory impairment, hippocampus, parvalbumin, doublecortin, dentate gyrus, basolateral amygdala, sucrose reward, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Doublecortin Domain Proteins, Doublecortin Protein, Animals, Anxiety, Caffeine, Hippocampus, Male, Memory, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Motor Activity, Neuropeptides, Parvalbumins, Psychotropic Drugs, Reward, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Dietary Sucrose, Energy Drinks, Basolateral Nuclear Complex
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