Cited by 2,943Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismCognitive Abilities and Testing

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Cognitive reserve

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Stern, Yaakov·2009·Neuropsychologia

DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004PMC PMC2739591

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Abstract

The concept of reserve has been proposed to account for the disjunction between the degree of brain damage and its clinical outcome. This paper attempts to produce a coherent theoretical account the reserve in general and of cognitive reserve in particular. It reviews epidemiologic data supporting the concept of cognitive reserve, with a particular focus of its implications for aging and dementia. It then focuses on methodologic issues that are important when attempting to elucidate the neural underpinnings of cognitive reserve using imaging studies, and reviews some of our group's work in order to demonstrate these issues.

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Farmer ME Kittner SJ Rae DS Bartko JJ Regier DA 1995 Education and change in cognitive function: The epidemiologic catchment area study Annals of Epidemiology 5 1 7 7728280
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Satz P 1993 Brain reserve capacity on symptom onset after brain injury: A formulation and review of evidence for threshold theory Neuropsychology 7 273 295
Scarmeas N Zarahn E Anderson KE Habeck CG Hilton J Flynn J 2003a Association of life activities with cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease - Implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis Archives of Neurology 60 359 365 12633147 PMC3028534
Stern Y 2007 Imaging cognitive reserve Stern Y Cognitive Reserve: Theory and Applications 251 264 New York Taylor & Francis
Stern Y Alexander GE Prohovnik I Stricks L Link B Lennon MC 1995 Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow: Implications for a reserve against Alzheimer's disease pathology Neurology 45 55 60 7824135
Wager TD Smith EE 2006 Neuroimaging studies of working memory: A meta-analysis Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 3 255 274 15040547

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Authors: Stern, Y.
Affiliations: Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Stern, Yaakov
ORCID: Stern, Yaakov
Venue: Neuropsychologia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-08
Volume: 47
Issue: 10
Pages: 2015-2028
ISSN: 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004
PMC: PMC2739591
OpenAlex: W4251404648
Cited by: 2,943
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 236 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 211 · 2023: 211 · 2022: 199 · 2021: 253 · 2020: 217 · 2019: 227 · 2018: 166 · 2017: 170 · 2016: 150 · 2015: 131 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 132 · 2012: 120
FWCI: 56.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (R01AG026158, R01-AG26158)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: cognitive reserve, brain reserve, dementia, aging, neuroimaging methodology
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Young Adult

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