Is Computerized Working Memory Training Effective in Healthy Older Adults? Evidence from a Multi-Site, Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Background: Developing effective interventions to attenuate age-related cognitive decline and prevent or delay the onset of dementia are major public health goals. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been marketed increasingly to older adults, but its efficacy remains unclear. Working memory (WM), a key determinant of higher order cognitive abilities, is susceptible to age-related decline and a relevant target for CCT in elders. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of CCT focused on WM compared to an active control condition in healthy older adults. Methods: Eighty-two cognitively normal adults from two sites (USA and Sweden) were randomly assigned to Cogmed Adaptive or Non-Adaptive (active control) CCT groups. Training was performed in participants’ homes, five days per week over five weeks. Changes in the performance of the Cogmed trained tasks, and in five neuropsychological tests (Trail Making Test Part A and Part B, Digit Symbol, Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Semantic Fluency) were used as outcome measures. Results: The groups were comparable at baseline. The Adaptive group showed robust gains in the trained tasks, and there was a time-by-group interaction for the Digit Symbol test, with significant improvement only after Adaptive training. In addition, the magnitude of the intervention effect was similar at both sites. Conclusion: Home-based CCT Adaptive WM training appears more effective than Non-Adaptive training in older adults from different cultural backgrounds. We present evidence of improvement in trained tasks and on a demanding untrained task dependent upon WM and processing speed. The benefits over the active control group suggest that the Adaptive CCT gains were linked to providing a continuously challenging level of WM difficulty.
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Near and far transfer effects were reported only by Brehmer et al. for the PASAT task and by Simon et al. for the Digit Symbol task.
“Near and far transfer effects were reported only by Brehmer et al. [77] for the PASAT task requiring sustained attention and by Simon et al. [78] for the Digit Symbol task requiring psychomotor ability, sustained attention, processing speed and, to a lesser degree, WM.”
From Adaptive working memory training does not produce transfer effects in cognition and neuroimaging (2022) · cites this paper as [78]
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Teixeira-Santos, A. C., Moreira, C. S., Magalhães, R., Magalhães, C., Pereira, D. R., Leite, J., Carvalho, S., & Sampaio, A. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.009 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Coley, N., Giulioli, C., Aisen, P. S., Vellas, B., & Andrieu, S. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101777 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Adaptive working memory training does not produce transfer effects in cognition and neuroimaging
Ripp, I., Emch, M., Wu, Q., Lizarraga, A., Udale, R., von Bastian, C. C., Koch, K., & Yakushev, I. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02272-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“[78] for the Digit Symbol task requiring psychomotor ability, sustained attention, processing speed and, to a lesser degree, WM.”
Method
- Authors
- Simon, S. S., Tusch, E. S., Feng, N. C., Håkansson, K., Mohammed, A. H., & Daffner, K. R.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Linnaeus University (SE)
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-08-02
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 931-949
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W2885631459
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG017935)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- computerized cognitive training, working memory training
- MeSH terms
- Cognitive Aging, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Self Care, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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