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Sleep-dependent motor memory plasticity in the human brain
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates a role for sleep in off-line memory processing, specifically in post-training consolidation. In humans, sleep has been shown to trigger overnight learning on a motor-sequence memory task, while equivalent waking periods produce no such improvement. But while the behavioral characteristics of sleep-dependent motor learning become increasingly well characterized, the underlying neural basis remains unknown. Here we present functional magnetic resonance imaging data demonstrating a change in the representation of a motor memory after a night of sleep. Subjects trained on a motor-skill memory and 12 hours later, after either sleep or wake, were retested during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Following sleep relative to wake, regions of increased activation were expressed in the right primary motor cortex, medial prefrontal lobe, hippocampus and left cerebellum; changes that can support faster motor output and more precise mapping of key-press movements. In contrast, signal decreases were identified in parietal cortices, the left insular cortex, temporal pole and fronto-polar region, reflecting a reduced need for conscious spatial monitoring and a decreased emotional task burden. This evidence of an overnight, systems-level change in the representation of a motor memory holds important implications for acquiring real-life skills and in clinical rehabilitation following brain trauma, such as stroke.
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“Finally, sleep-dependent changes in brain activity indicative for a reorganization of memory representations have also been reported for procedural tasks like sequences finger tapping and visual texture discrimination (384, 1292, 1293).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1292]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Walker, M. P., Stickgold, R., Alsop, D., Gaab, N., & Schlaug, G.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Walker, M.P.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 911-917
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067545381
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH067754, R01MH065292, MH69935, MH-48832, R03MH069935, R01MH048832, MH 65292, MH67754)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 45049, R01NS045049)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- sleep-dependent memory consolidation, motor memory, motor learning, primary motor cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, medial prefrontal cortex, motor sequence learning, stroke rehabilitation, traumatic brain injury
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Motor Skills, Neuronal Plasticity, Oxygen, Sleep, Wakefulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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