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Sleep-dependent motor memory plasticity in the human brain

Walker, M.P., Stickgold, R., Alsop, D., Gaab, N., Schlaug, G.·2005·Neuroscience

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.007

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Abstract

Growing evidence indicates a role for sleep in off-line memory processing, specifically in post-training consolidation. In humans, sleep has been shown to trigger overnight learning on a motor-sequence memory task, while equivalent waking periods produce no such improvement. But while the behavioral characteristics of sleep-dependent motor learning become increasingly well characterized, the underlying neural basis remains unknown. Here we present functional magnetic resonance imaging data demonstrating a change in the representation of a motor memory after a night of sleep. Subjects trained on a motor-skill memory and 12 hours later, after either sleep or wake, were retested during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Following sleep relative to wake, regions of increased activation were expressed in the right primary motor cortex, medial prefrontal lobe, hippocampus and left cerebellum; changes that can support faster motor output and more precise mapping of key-press movements. In contrast, signal decreases were identified in parietal cortices, the left insular cortex, temporal pole and fronto-polar region, reflecting a reduced need for conscious spatial monitoring and a decreased emotional task burden. This evidence of an overnight, systems-level change in the representation of a motor memory holds important implications for acquiring real-life skills and in clinical rehabilitation following brain trauma, such as stroke.

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Authors: Walker, M. P., Stickgold, R., Alsop, D., Gaab, N., & Schlaug, G.
Affiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Walker, M.P.
ORCID: Walker, M.P.
Stickgold, R.
Alsop, D.
Gaab, N.
Venue: Neuroscience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-01
Volume: 133
Issue: 4
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.04.007
OpenAlex: W2067545381
Cited by: 308
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 8.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH067754, R01MH065292, MH69935, MH-48832, R03MH069935, R01MH048832, MH 65292, MH67754)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 45049, R01NS045049)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords: sleep-dependent memory consolidation, motor memory, motor learning, primary motor cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, medial prefrontal cortex, motor sequence learning, stroke rehabilitation, traumatic brain injury
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Motor Skills, Neuronal Plasticity, Oxygen, Sleep, Wakefulness

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Sleep-dependent motor memory plasticity in the human brain

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