Social defeat stress activates medial amygdala cells that express type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor mRNA
Open accessAbstract
Defeat is a social stressor involving subordination by a threatening conspecific. Type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRF(2)) are abundant in brain regions implicated in defeat responses and are putative stress-related molecules. The present study sought to determine whether neuroactivation and CRF(2) expression co-occurred at brain region or cellular levels following acute defeat. Male "intruder" Wistar rats were placed into the cage of an aggressive "resident" Long-Evans rat (n=6). Upon defeat, intruders (n=6) were placed in a wire-mesh chamber and were returned to the resident's cage for an additional 75 min. Controls (n=6) were handled and returned to their home cage for the same duration. Coronal brain sections were stained for an immediate early gene product, Fos, as a neuronal activation marker. Combined immunohistochemistry with in situ hybridization was performed on a subset of brain sections from defeated intruders to visualize Fos immunoreactivity and CRF(2) mRNA jointly. Defeated rats had fivefold, sevenfold, and 10-fold more Fos-positive cells than controls in the arcuate, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, and medial amygdala post-defeat. Significant colocalization of CRF(2) mRNA and Fos-positive cells was observed in the posterior medial amygdala but not in the arcuate nucleus or ventromedial hypothalamus. The results indicate CRF(2) receptor-positive neurons in the posterior medial amygdala are involved in the neural response to social defeat.
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Transcriptional remodeling of the MeA occurs during social status transitions.
“Further, our findings also support a role for transcriptional remodeling of the MeA occurring during social status transitions as has been suggested by immediate early gene studies of social ascending and descending A. burtoni cichlids [11] as well as socially defeated rats, Rattus norvegicus [46] and Syrian hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus [47].”
Brain reward pathways, including the VTA and NAc, as well as the PFC and amygdala, have been implicated in the neural circuitry mediating individual differences in stress susceptibility.
“Brain reward pathways, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (4) as well as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala (11,12), have been implicated in the neural circuitry mediating these differences in stress susceptibility.”
From Neuroanatomic differences associated with stress susceptibility and resilience (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
Social defeat-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors were previously associated with decreased neuronal activity in the medial PFC and increased VTA and amygdala activity.
“Social defeat–induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors were previously associated with decreased neuronal activity in the medial PFC (46) as well as increased VTA and amygdala activity (10–12).”
From Neuroanatomic differences associated with stress susceptibility and resilience (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Fekete, É. M., Zhao, Y., Li, C., Sabino, V., Vale, W. W., & Zorrilla, E. P.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zorrilla, E.P.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-13
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2754763
- OpenAlex
- W2000911005
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01DK026741)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- social defeat stress, CrF2, medial amygdala, FOS, immediate early gene expression, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus, neuronal activation, stress response
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Dominance-Subordination, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Neurons, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Psychological, Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus, Prosencephalon, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Rats, Wistar, In Situ Hybridization, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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