Long-term impairment of autonomic circadian rhythms after brief intermittent social stress
Abstract
This experiment was designed to examine the short- and long-term behavioral, cardiovascular, and thermoregulatory responses to brief intermittent agonistic confrontation in rats. The experimental procedure involves resident-intruder confrontations consisting of a 10-min period during which both animals are separated in the home cage of the resident, followed by a brief physical encounter leading to defeat of the intruder and a 10-min period, when the intruder was alone in the home cage of the resident. These 30-min-long confrontations were repeated on 5 consecutive days. Before the first confrontation with a resident, an intruder rat's telemetered heart rate and core temperature show a stable circadian rhythm that is entrained by the light cycle. Acutely, the confrontations produce immediate and large tachycardia and hyperthermia in intruders. A decrease in amplitude of the circadian rhythms for heart rate and core temperature, as detected by cosinor analysis, persists for at least 10 days after the last of five daily brief confrontations with the resident. The defensive upright posture is nearly absent during the first exploration of the resident's home cage, but is displayed by the intruder for one-third of the available time before and after the fifth defeat. Intermittent brief social stress is sufficient to induce profound changes in defensive behavior and long-lasting depression of circadian rhythmicity that persist for weeks.
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A unique aspect of social defeat stress that distinguishes it from other environmental stressors is its ability to continuously activate the pituitary-adrenal axis over repeated social confrontations.
“A unique aspect of social defeat stress that distinguishes it from other environmental stressors is its ability to continuously activate the pituitary-adrenal axis over repeated social confrontations9,18,19.”
From A standardized protocol for repeated social defeat stress in mice (2011) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Tornatzky, W., & Miczek, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miczek, Klaus A.
- ORCID
- Miczek, Klaus A.
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-05
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 983-993
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029741047
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA05122)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-02632, R01DA002632)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- resident-intruder aggression, circadian rhythm, heart rate, core body temperature, thermoregulation, tachycardia, hyperthermia, autonomic nervous system, long-term stress effects, rats
- MeSH terms
- Agonistic Behavior, Animals, Arousal, Autonomic Nervous System, Body Temperature Regulation, Circadian Rhythm, Dominance-Subordination, Exploratory Behavior, Grooming, Heart Rate, Male, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Rats
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