The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chronic stress alters neural activity in medial prefrontal cortex during retrieval of extinction
Open accessAbstract
Chronic restraint stress produces morphological changes in medial prefrontal cortex and disrupts a prefrontally mediated behavior, retrieval of extinction. To assess potential physiological correlates of these alterations, we compared neural activity in infralimbic and prelimbic cortex of unstressed versus stressed rats during fear conditioning and extinction. After implantation of microwire bundles into infralimbic or prelimbic cortex, rats were either unstressed or stressed via placement in a plastic restrainer (3 h/day for 1 week). Rats then underwent fear conditioning and extinction while activity of neurons in infralimbic or prelimbic cortex was recorded. Percent freezing and neural activity were assessed during all phases of training. Chronic stress enhanced freezing during acquisition of conditioned fear, and altered both prelimbic and infralimbic activity during this phase. Stress did not alter initial extinction or conditioned stimulus (CS)-related activity during this phase. However, stress impaired retrieval of extinction assessed 24 h later, and this was accompanied by alterations in neuronal activity in both prelimbic and infralimbic cortex. In prelimbic cortex, unstressed rats showed decreased activity in response to CS presentation, whereas stressed rats showed no change. In infralimbic cortex, neurons in unstressed rats exhibited increased firing in response to the CS, whereas stressed rats showed no increase in infralimbic firing during the tone. Finally, CS-related firing in infralimbic but not prelimbic cortex was correlated with extinction retrieval. Thus, the stress-induced alteration of neuronal activity in infralimbic cortex may be responsible for the stress-induced deficit in retrieval of extinction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“One consequence of stress-related PFC impairment is enhanced threat learning and impaired extinction retention in rodent models [66, 70].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In rodents, chronic stress also impacts neural activity in both PL and IL cortex [70] and leads to structural changes in IL cortex [71].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Paxinos, G. (1985) · Cited by 3,715
Comparative electrophysiology of pyramidal and sparsely spiny stellate neurons of the neocortex
McCormick, D. A., Connors, B. W., Lighthall, J. W., & Prince, D. A. (1985) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.4.782 · Cited by 1,935
Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction
Milad, M. R., & Quirk, G. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01138 · Cited by 1,836
Vyas, A., Mitra, R., Shankaranarayana Rao, B. S., & Chattarji, S. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-15-06810.2002 · Cited by 1,662
Differential projections of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortex in the rat
Vertes, R. P. (2004) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10279 · Cited by 1,550
Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons
Connors, B. W., & Gutnick, M. J. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90185-d · Cited by 1,440
Reduction of Prefrontal Cortex Glucose Metabolism Common to Three Types of Depression
Baxter, L. R. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810030049007 · Cited by 1,320
A functional anatomical study of unipolar depression
Drevets, W., Videen, T., Price, J., Preskorn, S., Carmichael, S., & Raichle, M. (1992) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-09-03628.1992 · Cited by 1,266
Homayoun, H., & Moghaddam, B. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2213-07.2007 · Cited by 1,231
Designing Experiments and Analysing Data: A Model Comparison Perspective.
Freeman, G. H., Maxwell, S. E., & Delaney, H. D. (1991) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532173 · Cited by 1,229
Avison, W. R., Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. (1990) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072630 · Cited by 1,148
Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data: A Model Comparison Perspective, Third Edition
Maxwell, S. E., & Delaney, H. D. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 975
The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the recovery of extinguished fear
Quirk, G. J., Russo, G. K., Barron, J. L., & Lebron, K. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-16-06225.2000 · Cited by 957
Magarin˜os, A. M., & McEwen, B. S. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00259-l · Cited by 863
Repeated Stress Induces Dendritic Spine Loss in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Radley, J. J., Rocher, A. B., Miller, M., Janssen, W. G. M., Liston, C., Hof, P. R., McEwen, B. S., & Morrison, J. H. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi104 · Cited by 820
Chronic stress alters dendritic morphology in rat medial prefrontal cortex
Cook, S. C., & Wellman, C. L. (2004) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.20025 · Cited by 785
Self-citationMorgan, M. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (1995) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.109.4.681 · Cited by 717
Vidal-Gonzalez, I., Vidal-Gonzalez, B., Rauch, S. L., & Quirk, G. J. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.306106 · Cited by 705
Prefrontal mechanisms in extinction of conditioned fear
Quirk, G. J., Garcia, R., & González-Lima, F. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.010 · Cited by 682
Designing experiments and analyzing data: a model comparison perspective
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-2192 · Cited by 673
Conrad, C. D., Magariños, A. M., LeDoux, J. E., & McEwen, B. S. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.113.5.902 · Cited by 664
Activity in Prelimbic Cortex Is Necessary for the Expression of Learned, But Not Innate, Fears
Corcoran, K. A., & Quirk, G. J. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5327-06.2007 · Cited by 639
Burgos-Robles, A., Vidal-Gonzalez, I., Santini, E., & Quirk, G. J. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.021 · Cited by 546
Burgos-Robles, A., Vidal-Gonzalez, I., & Quirk, G. J. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0378-09.2009 · Cited by 530
Dias, R. S., Robbins, T. W., & Roberts, A. (1996) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.110.5.872 · Cited by 477
Dias, R., Robbins, T. W., & Roberts, A. C. (1996) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.110.5.872 · Cited by 476
Stress-induced prefrontal reorganization and executive dysfunction in rodents
Holmes, A., & Wellman, C. L. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.11.005 · Cited by 469
Self-citationOrganization of amygdaloid projections to the prefrontal cortex and associated striatum in the rat
McDonald, A. J. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90247-l · Cited by 463
Izquierdo, A., Wellman, C. L., & Holmes, A. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0474-06.2006 · Cited by 459
Self-citationCarter, C. S., MacDonald, A. W., Ross, L. L., & Stenger, V. A. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.9.1423 · Cited by 411
Milad, M. R., Vidal-Gonzalez, I., & Quirk, G. J. (2004) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.2.389 · Cited by 354
The amygdala modulates prefrontal cortex activity relative to conditioned fear
Garcia, R., Vouimba, R.-M., Baudry, M., & Thompson, R. F. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/46286 · Cited by 347
Liu, R.-J., & Aghajanian, G. K. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706679105 · Cited by 346
Mild, Short-term Stress Alters Dendritic Morphology in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Brown, S. M., Henning, S., & Wellman, C. L. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi048 · Cited by 335
Self-citationGoldwater, D. S., Pavlides, C., Hunter, R. G., Bloss, E. B., Hof, P. R., McEwen, B. S., & Morrison, J. H. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.08.053 · Cited by 333
Jung, M. W., Qin, Y. F., McNaughton, B. L., & Barnes, C. A. (1998) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/8.5.437 · Cited by 318
Quantification, smoothing, and confidence limits for single-units' histograms
Abeles, M. (1982) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(82)90002-4 · Cited by 309
Prolonged behavioral stress enhances synaptic connectivity in the basolateral amygdala
Vyas, A., Jadhav, S., & Chattarji, S. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.003 · Cited by 299
Maroun, M., & Richter-Levin, G. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-11-04406.2003 · Cited by 293
Stress-Induced Dendritic Remodeling in the Prefrontal Cortex is Circuit Specific
Shansky, R. M., Hamo, C., Hof, P. R., McEwen, B. S., & Morrison, J. H. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp003 · Cited by 248
Chronic stress impairs recall of extinction of conditioned fear
Miracle, A. D., BRACE, M., HUYCK, K., SINGLER, S., & Wellman, C. L. (2005) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2005.10.005 · Cited by 230
Self-citationA History of Corticosterone Exposure Regulates Fear Extinction and Cortical NR2B, GluR2/3, and BDNF
Gourley, S. L., Kedves, A. T., Olausson, P., & Taylor, J. R. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.123 · Cited by 218
Baeg, E. H. (2001) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/11.5.441 · Cited by 216
An fMRI study of differential neural response to affective pictures in schizophrenia
Takahashi, H., Koeda, M., Oda, K., Matsuda, T., Matsushima, E., Matsuura, M., Asai, K., & Okubo, Y. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.028 · Cited by 211
Chronic stress and sex differences on the recall of fear conditioning and extinction
Baran, S. E., Armstrong, C. E., Niren, D. C., Hanna, J. J., & Conrad, C. D. (2009) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.11.005 · Cited by 200
A prospective study of stressful life events and schizophrenic relapse.
Ventura, J., Nuechterlein, K. H., Lukoff, D. G., & Hardesty, J. P. (1989) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.98.4.407 · Cited by 191
Homayoun, H., Jackson, M., & Moghaddam, B. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00875.2004 · Cited by 137
[3H]Dexamethasone binding in rat frontal cortex
Meaney, M. J., & Aitken, D. H. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91340-x · Cited by 133
Garcia, R., Spennato, G., Nilsson-Todd, L., Moreau, J., & Deschaux, O. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2007.10.005 · Cited by 126
Monfils, M. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh020 · Cited by 124
Cunningham, M. G., Bhattacharyya, S., & Benes, F. M. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm183 · Cited by 93
Prefrontal cortex lesions and sex differences in fear extinction and perseveration
Baran, S. E., Armstrong, C. E., Niren, D. C., & Conrad, C. D. (2010) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1778010 · Cited by 90
Farinelli, M., Deschaux, O., Hugues, S., Thévenet, A., & Garcia, R. (2006) · Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · doi:10.1101/lm.204806 · Cited by 84
Stress, Synaptic Plasticity, and Psychopathology
Garcia, R. (2002) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.2002.13.3.195 · Cited by 81
Garcia, R., Chang, C., & Maren, S. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.60406 · Cited by 70
Monfils, M., & Teskey, G. C. (2004) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20039 · Cited by 65
Apical tuft input efficacy in layer 5 pyramidal cells from rat visual cortex
Rhodes, P. A., & Llinás, R. R. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00167.x · Cited by 56
Farrell, M. R., Sayed, J. A., Underwood, A. R., & Wellman, C. L. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.06.001 · Cited by 56
Self-citationJackson, M., & Moghaddam, B. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05054.x · Cited by 48
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis in relation to depression and antidepressant effects
Mahar, I., Bambico, F. R., Mechawar, N., & Nobrega, J. N. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.009 · Cited by 694
Maren, S., & Holmes, A. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.180 · Cited by 412
Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD
Alexandra Kredlow, M., Fenster, R. J., Laurent, E. S., Ressler, K. J., & Phelps, E. A. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01155-7 · Cited by 346
“In rodents, chronic stress also impacts neural activity in both PL and IL cortex [70] and leads to structural changes in IL cortex [71].”
BackgroundEpigenetics of stress adaptations in the brain
Stankiewicz, A. M., Swiergiel, A. H., & Lisowski, P. (2013) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.07.003 · Cited by 220
Single prolonged stress disrupts retention of extinguished fear in rats.Preprint
Knox, D., George, S. A., Fitzpatrick, C. J., Rabinak, C. A., Maren, S., & Liberzon, I. (2012) · Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · doi:10.1101/lm.024356.111 · Cited by 202
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilber, A. A., Walker, A. G., Southwood, C. J., Farrell, M. R., Lin, G. L., Rebec, G. V., & Wellman, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wellman, C.L.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 174
- Pages
- 115-131
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3020264
- OpenAlex
- W2039543325
- Semantic Scholar
- ec3c2ff6cfebae04751b5903c47df5b3116789fa
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (MHR03087794)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH085415, R03MH087794)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F31NS066603, F31NS064791)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- chronic restraint stress, medial prefrontal cortex, infralimbic cortex, prelimbic cortex, extinction retrieval, fear extinction, fear conditioning, neuronal firing, conditioned stimulus, neuronal activity
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Conditioning, Operant, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Male, Neurons, Restraint, Physical, Stress, Psychological, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
