Alterations in neuronal morphology in infralimbic cortex predict resistance to fear extinction following acute stress
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Dysfunction in corticolimbic circuits that mediate the extinction of learned fear responses is thought to underlie the perseveration of fear in stress-related psychopathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Chronic stress produces dendritic hypertrophy in basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dendritic hypotrophy in medial prefrontal cortex, whereas acute stress leads to hypotrophy in both BLA and prelimbic cortex. Additionally, both chronic and acute stress impair extinction retrieval. Here, we examined the effects of a single elevated platform stress on extinction learning and dendritic morphology in infralimbic cortex, a region considered to be critical for extinction. Acute stress produced resistance to extinction, as well as dendritic retraction in infralimbic cortex. Spine density on apical and basilar terminal branches was unaffected by stress. However, animals that underwent conditioning and extinction had decreased spine density on apical terminal branches. Thus, whereas dendritic morphology in infralimbic cortex appears to be particularly sensitive to stress, changes in spines may more sensitively reflect learning. Further, in stressed rats that underwent conditioning and extinction, the level of extinction learning was correlated with spine densities, in that rats with poorer extinction retrieval had more immature spines and fewer thin spines than rats with better extinction retrieval, suggesting that stress may have impaired learning-related spine plasticity. These results may have implications for understanding the role of medial prefrontal cortex in learning deficits associated with stress-related pathologies.
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The infralimbic cortex is involved in coping with chronic stress, eventually leading to structural changes and prefrontal dysfunction.
“The most ventral subdomain of the mPFC is the infralimbic cortex (IL) and is involved in coping with chronic stress eventually leading to structural changes and prefrontal dysfunction [5–11].”
From Development of prefrontal cortex (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The Discussion (Stress-induced changes in IL dendritic morphology; page unavailable) reports dendritic retraction in infralimbic cortex following chronic stress, and the Conclusion links the study’s findings to stress-induced medial prefrontal dysfunction. The paper does not specifically describe the infralimbic cortex as coping with chronic stress or establish that chronic-stress-related structural changes lead to prefrontal dysfunction; its own experiment examined acute stress. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Moench, K. M., Maroun, M., Kavushansky, A., & Wellman, C.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- University of Haifa (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Wellman, Cara
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Stress
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 23-33
- ISSN
- 2352-2895 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4730795
- OpenAlex
- W2220058171
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Stress (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (2013292)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- infralimbic cortex, fear extinction, acute stress, dendritic morphology, dendritic retraction, dendritic spine density, spine plasticity, medial prefrontal cortex, corticolimbic circuits, post-traumatic stress disorder, extinction retrieval
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