The DOI matches its Crossref record; 278 of the 279 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gut dysbiosis as a driver of neuroinflammation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of current evidence
Open accessAbstract
There is mounting evidence for the involvement of the immune system, neuroinflammation and disturbed gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Gut dysbiosis is strongly implicated in many physical, autoimmune, neurological, and neuropsychiatric conditions, however knowledge of its particular pathogenic role in ADHD is sparse. As such, this narrative review examines and synthesizes the available evidence related to inflammation, dysbiosis, and neural processes in ADHD. Minimal differences in microbiota diversity measures between cases and controls were found, however many relative abundance differences were observed at all classification levels (phylum to strain). Compositional differences of taxa important to key gut-brain axis pathways, in particular Bacteroides species and Faecalibacterium, may contribute to inflammation, brain functioning differences, and symptoms, in ADHD. We have identified one possible model of ADHD etiopathogenesis involving systemic inflammation, an impaired blood-brain barrier, and neural disturbances as downstream consequences of gut dysbiosis. Nevertheless, studies conducted to date have varied degrees of methodological rigour and involve diverse participant characteristics and analytical techniques, highlighting a need for additional research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the microbiome-gut-brain axis, which may influence both neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter synthesis [86]”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [86]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 201–278 of 278
Progress of analytical tools and techniques for human gut microbiome research
Song, E., Lee, E., & Nam, Y. (2018) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12275-018-8238-5 · Cited by 82
Touch, S., Godefroy, E., Rolhion, N., Danne, C., Oeuvray, C., Straube, M., Galbert, C., Brot, L., Alonso Salgueiro, I., Chadi, S., et al. (2022) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.154722 · Cited by 80
Boonchooduang, N., Louthrenoo, O., Chattipakorn, N., & Chattipakorn, S. C. (2020) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02383-1 · Cited by 79
Verlaet, A. A. J., Breynaert, A., Ceulemans, B., Bruyne, T. D., Fransén, E., Pieters, L. A. C., Savelkoul, H. F. J., & Hermans, N. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1239-4 · Cited by 78
MRI/MRS in neuroinflammation: methodology and applications
Quarantelli, M. (2015) · Clinical and Translational Imaging · doi:10.1007/s40336-015-0142-y · Cited by 76
Val-Laillet, D., Besson, M., Guérin, S., Coquery, N., Randuineau, G., Kanzari, A., Quesnel, H., Bonhomme, N., Bolhuis, J. E., Kemp, B., et al. (2017) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201601015r · Cited by 75
Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Richarte, V., Sánchez-Mora, C., Corrales, M., Fadeuilhe, C., Vilar-Ribó, L., Arribas, L., Garcia, E., Rosales-Ortiz, S. K., Arias-Vasquez, A., Soler-Artigas, M., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01504-6 · Cited by 75
Obstetric mode of delivery and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a sibling-matched study
Curran, E. A., Khashan, A. S., Dalman, C., Kenny, L. C., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., & Kearney, P. M. (2016) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw001 · Cited by 74
Oxidative imbalance in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Selek, S., SAVAS, H. A., Gergerlioğlu, H. S., Bulut, M., & Yılmaz, H. R. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.06.005 · Cited by 73
Gut microbiota and plasma cytokine levels in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Wang, L., Li, S., Li, S.-W., Kuo, H., Lee, S.-Y., Huang, L., Chin, C.-Y., & Yang, C. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01844-x · Cited by 73
A network analysis approach to ADHD symptoms: More than the sum of its parts
Silk, T. J., Malpas, C. B., Beare, R. J., Efron, D., Anderson, V. A., Hazell, P., Jongeling, B., Nicholson, J. M., & Sciberras, E. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211053 · Cited by 72
Genuneit, J., Braig, S., Brandt, S., Wabitsch, M., Florath, I., Brenner, H., & Rothenbacher, D. (2013) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.12152 · Cited by 71
Protective effect of breastfeeding with regard to children’s behavioral and cognitive problems
Park, S., Kim, B.-N., Kim, J.-W., Shin, M., Yoo, H. J., & Cho, S.-C. (2014) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-111 · Cited by 70
Rationale for Dietary Antioxidant Treatment of ADHD
Verlaet, A. A. J., Maasakkers, C. M., Hermans, N., & Savelkoul, H. F. J. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10040405 · Cited by 70
Ching, C., Eslick, G. D., & Poulton, A. S. (2019) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0905 · Cited by 70
Bundgaard‐Nielsen, C., Lauritsen, M. B., Knudsen, J. K., Rold, L. S., Larsen, M. H., Hindersson, P., Villadsen, A. B., Leutscher, P. D. C., Hagstrøm, S., Nyegaard, M., et al. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2211923 · Cited by 69
Shyu, Y., Yuan, S.-S., Lee, S.-Y., Yang, C.-J., Yang, K., Lee, T., & Wang, L. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.033 · Cited by 67
The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Dam, S. A., Mostert, J. C., Szopinska-Tokov, J., Bloemendaal, M., Amato, M. P., & Vásquez, A. A. (2019) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2019.05.001 · Cited by 66
Clinical and molecular-genetic markers of ADHD in children.
Drtílková, I., Šerý, O., Theiner, P., Uhrová, A., Žáčková, M., Balaštíková, B., & Znojil, V. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 64
Kozłowska, A., Wojtacha, P., Równiak, M., Kolenkiewicz, M., & Huang, A. C. W. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-5180-0 · Cited by 64
Hu, C., van Meel, E. R., Medina‐Gómez, C., Kraaij, R., Barroso, M., Jong, J. C. K., Radjabzadeh, D., Pasmans, S. G. M. A., de Jong, N. W., de Jongste, J. C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.001 · Cited by 64
Gut microbiomes and their metabolites shape human and animal health
Park, W. (2018) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12275-018-0577-8 · Cited by 63
Developments and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD
Dias, T. G. C., Kieling, C., Graeff-Martins, A. S., Moriyama, T. S., Rohde, L. A., & Polanczyk, G. V. (2013) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2013-s103 · Cited by 62
Antecedents of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children Born Extremely Preterm
Johnson, S. J., Kochhar, P., Hennessy, E., Marlow, N., Dieter Wolke, C., & Hollis, C. P. (2016) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000298 · Cited by 62
Increased oxidative stress in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Sezen, H., Kandemir, H., Savik, E., Basmacı Kandemir, S., Kilicaslan, F., Bilinc, H., & Aksoy, N. (2016) · Redox Report · doi:10.1080/13510002.2015.1116729 · Cited by 61
Axelsson, P. B., Clausen, T. D., Petersen, A. H., Hageman, I., Pinborg, A. B., Kessing, L. V., Bergholt, T., Rasmussen, S. C., Keiding, N., & Løkkegaard, E. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12961 · Cited by 60
Kaas, T. H., Vinding, R., Stokholm, J., Bønnelykke, K., Bisgaard, H. F., & Chawes, B. (2020) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.13750 · Cited by 59
Wang, L.-J., Yang, C.-Y., Kuo, H.-C., Chou, W.-J., Tsai, C.-S., & Lee, S.-Y. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12020227 · Cited by 58 · cited 10×
“…2018), both children and adolescents combined (Prehn-Kristensen et al., 2018; Li et al., 2022; Bundgaard-Nielsen et al., 2023; Lee et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2020), adolescents and adults combined (Aarts et al., 2017; Szopinska-Tokov et al., 2020), and adults alone…”
InfluentialSasaki, M., Schwab, C., Garcia, A. R., Li, Q., Ferstl, R., Bersuch, E., Akdiş, C. A., Lauener, R. P., CK‐CARE study group, Frei, R., et al. (2022) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15440 · Cited by 57
Inflammation: good or bad for ADHD?
Donev, R., & Thome, J. (2010) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0038-7 · Cited by 54
Bonvicini, C., Cortese, S., Maj, C., Baune, B. T., Faraone, S. V., & Scassellati, C. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0755-4 · Cited by 53
Association between allergic sensitization and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Suwan, P., Akaramethathip, D., & Noipayak, P. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 50
El-Baz, F. M., Zahra, S. S., & Hanafy, H. (2016) · Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.04.009 · Cited by 49
Wiguna, T., Guerrero, A. P. S., Wibisono, S., & Sastroasmoro, S. (2012) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0b013e3182452572 · Cited by 46
Meldrum, S. J., D’Vaz, N., Dunstan, J. A., Mori, T. A., Hird, K., Simmer, K. N., & Prescott, S. L. (2012) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.032 · Cited by 46
Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Risk of Dementia
Levine, S. Z., Rotstein, A., Kodesh, A., Sandin, S., Lee, B. K., Weinstein, G., Beeri, M. S., & Reichenberg, A. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38088 · Cited by 46
Johansson, J., Landgren, M., Fernell, E., Vumma, R., Åhlin, A., Bjerkenstedt, L., & Venizelos, N. (2011) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-7-40 · Cited by 45
Li, Y., Sun, H., Huang, Y., Yin, A., Zhang, L., Han, J., Lyu, Y., Xu, X., Zhai, Y., Sun, H., et al. (2022) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2125747 · Cited by 44
Slob, E. M. A., Brew, B. K., Vijverberg, S. J. H., Dijs, T., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Koppelman, G. H., Bartels, M., Dolan, C. V., Larsson, H., Lundström, S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa168 · Cited by 43 · cited 1×
“Other research found no risk of ADHD with infancy antibiotic use (Axelsson et al., 2019; Slob et al., 2021).”
Kul, M., Ünal, F., Kandemır, H., Sarkaratı, B., Kılınç, K., & Kandemir, S. B. (2015) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2015.12.3.361 · Cited by 42
Yang, L. L., Stiernborg, M., Skott, E., Xu, J., Wu, Y., Landberg, R., Arefin, S., Kublickiene, K., Millischer, V., Nilsson, I. A. K., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15051293 · Cited by 42 · cited 1×
“Providing further evidence for the importance of SCFAs in inflammatory process in ADHD, negative correlations between plasma levels of SCFAs and pro-inflammatory immune markers has also been reported in those with ADHD (Yang et al., 2023).”
Host genetics influences the relationship between the gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders
Martins‐Silva, T., Salatino‐Oliveira, A., Genro, J. P., Meyer, F. D. T., Li, Y., Rohde, L. A., Hutz, M. H., & Tovo‐Rodrigues, L. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110153 · Cited by 41
Wu, Z.-M., Wang, P., Liu, L., Liu, J., Cao, X., Sun, L., Cao, Q., Yang, L., Wang, Y., & Yang, B. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.012 · Cited by 41
Ferreira, P. E., Palmini, A., Bau, C. H. D., Grevet, E. H., Hoefel, J. R., Rohde, L. A., Anés, M., Ferreira, E. E. S., & Belmonte-de-Abreu, P. S. (2009) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0191-3 · Cited by 40
Dolina, S., Margalit, D., Malitsky, S., & Rabinkov, A. (2013) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.018 · Cited by 38
Chaney, A. M., Bauer, M., Bochicchio, D., Smigova, A., Kassiou, M., Davies, K. E., Williams, S. R., & Boutin, H. (2017) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14251 · Cited by 38
Abdominal Vagal Afferents Modulate the Brain Transcriptome and Behaviors Relevant to Schizophrenia
Klarer, M., Krieger, J.-P., Richetto, J., Weber-Stadlbauer, U., Günther, L., Winter, C., Arnold, M., Langhans, W., & Meyer, U. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0813-17.2017 · Cited by 38
Protective Role of Glutathione Synthesis on Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Rabbit Brain
Shimizu, T., Iwanaga, M., Yasunaga, A., Urata, Y., Goto, S., Shibata, S., & Kondo, T. (1998) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1023/a:1022525214871 · Cited by 37
Tsai, M.-C., Lin, H.-K., Lin, C., & Fu, L. (2011) · Allergy and Asthma Proceedings · doi:10.2500/aap.2011.32.3489 · Cited by 36
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may be a highly inflammation and immune-associated disease
Zhou, R., Wang, J., Sun, J., You, Y., Ying, J.-N., & Han, X.-M. (2017) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7228 · Cited by 36
Lower plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with ADHD
Yang, L. L., Stiernborg, M., Skott, E., Gillberg, T., Landberg, R., Giacobini, M., & Lavebratt, C. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.042 · Cited by 35
Semrud‐Clikeman, M., Fine, J. G., Bledsoe, J. C., & Zhu, D. C. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714559642 · Cited by 34
Crippa, A., Agostoni, C., Mauri, M., Molteni, M., & Nobile, M. (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054716629215 · Cited by 33
The importance of omega-3 fatty acids for behaviour, cognition and mood
Richardson, A. J. (2003) · Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/11026480310007944 · Cited by 32
Relationship between Antioxidant Status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children
Sorraya, N., Naeini, A. A., Najafi, M., Ghazvini, M., & Hassanzadeh, A. (2019) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_80_18 · Cited by 30
Lee, M., Lai, H., Kuo, Y., & Chen, V. C. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12101634 · Cited by 30
Structural Brain Changes and Associated Symptoms of ADHD Subtypes in Children.
Mu, S., Wu, H., Zhang, J., & Chang, C. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab276 · Cited by 29
Bae, S., Han, D. H., Kim, S. M., Shi, X., & Renshaw, P. F. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.05.006 · Cited by 28
Stiernborg, M., Debelius, J. W., Yang, L. L., Skott, E., Millischer, V., Giacobini, M., Melas, P. A., Boulund, F., & Lavebratt, C. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.012 · Cited by 28
Lost in Translation: The Gut Microbiota in Psychiatric Illness
Anglin, R., Surette, M. G., Moayyedi, P., & Berčík, P. (2015) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371506001007 · Cited by 27
Arcos-Burgos, M., Londoño, A. C., Pineda, D. A., Lopera, F., Palacio, J. D., Arbelaez, A., Acosta, M. T., Vélez, J. I., Castellanos, F. X., & Muenke, M. (2012) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-012-0088-0 · Cited by 26
Jurek, L., Sevil, M., Jay, A., Schroder, C. M., Baghdadli, A., Héry-Arnaud, G., & Geoffray, M. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01544-1 · Cited by 26
Nieto-Ruíz, A., Cerdó, T., Jordano, B., Torres-Espínola, F. J., Escudero-Marín, M., García-Ricobaraza, M., García-Bermúdez, M., García-Santos, J. A., Suárez, A., & Campoy, C. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00589-9 · Cited by 23
Hooi, S. L., Dwiyanto, J., Rasiti, H., Toh, K. Y., Wong, R. K. M., & Lee, J. W. J. (2022) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2022.2129232 · Cited by 20
Jung, T., Hwang, H., & Han, K. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275520 · Cited by 20
Ramstad, E., Storebø, O. J., Gerner, T., Krogh, H. B., Holmskov, M., Magnusson, F. L., Maia, C. R. M., Skoog, M., Groth, C., Gillies, D. M., et al. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.21307/sjcapp-2018-003 · Cited by 19
Xu, X., Zhuo, L., Zhang, L., Peng, H., Lyu, Y., Sun, H., Zhai, Y., Luo, D., Wang, X., Li, X., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115172 · Cited by 19
Tang, K., Hao, W., Mo, X., Chen, Y., Guo, X., He, L., Wang, B., Wang, J., Ma, Q., Deng, L., et al. (2022) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03512-5 · Cited by 17
Changes in Cortisol and in Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Indicators after ADHD Treatment
Garre-Morata, L., de Haro, T., Villén, R. G., Fernández-López, M. L., Escames, G., Molina‐Carballo, A., & Acuña-Castroviejo, D. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13010092 · Cited by 17
Wang, Y., Nudel, R., Benros, M. E., Skogstrand, K., Fishilevich, S., iPSYCH-BROAD, Lancet, D., Sun, J., Hougaard, D. M., Andreassen, O. A., et al. (2020) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009163 · Cited by 16
Ai, Y., Zhao, J., Shi, J., & Zhu, T.-T. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-05989-3 · Cited by 16
Lee, J., Hwang, I.-W., Lim, M.-H., Kwon, H., & Jin, H. (2016) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.010 · Cited by 13
Characterizing the metabolomic signature of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in twins
Swann, J. R., Heijtz, R. D., Mayneris‐Perxachs, J., Arora, A., Isaksson, J., Bölte, S., & Tammimies, K. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109562 · Cited by 13
Şimşek, Ş., Gençoğlan, S., Ozaner, S., Kaplan, İ., & Kaya, M. (2016) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20151003063820 · Cited by 11
Lin, P., Chen, Y., Hsiao, R. C.-J., Chen, H., & Yen, C. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103334 · Cited by 9
Targeting the gut to achieve improved outcomes in mood disorders
Jacka, F. N. (2019) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12706 · Cited by 7
Oliva, F., di Girolamo, G., Malandrone, F., Iaia, N., Biasi, F., & Maina, G. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02946-w · Cited by 6
P65. The Gut-Microbiome in Emotion Dysregulation in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Jakobi, B., Hoogman, M., Franke, B., Vlaming, P., & Vásquez, A. A. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.299 · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 279 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Evrensel, 2020, Neuroinflammation, Gut-Brain Axis and Depression. Psychiatry Investigation., 17, 2
- Rooks, 2016, Garrett WSJNri gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity, NatureReviews Immunology, 16, 341
- Sandgren, 2018, ADHD-originating in the gut?, The Emergence of a New Explanatory Model., 120, 135
- Schmitt, 2010, Is atopic disease a risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?, A Systematic Review. Allergy., 65, 1506
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hurjui, I. A., Hurjui, R. M., Hurjui, L. L., Șerban, I. L., Dobrin, I., Apostu, M., & Dobrin, R. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61071211 · Cited by 22
Lewis, N., Lagopoulos, J., & Villani, A. M. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15050335 · Cited by 20
Self-citationImplications of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Neurological Disorders
Dalal, N., Jaiswal, J., Kushwaha, M., Verma, H., Rana, P., Gupta, S., Panwar, R., Janmeda, P., Jain, P., Singh, A. K., et al. (2025) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00414 · Cited by 12
ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives
Bogdańska-Chomczyk, E., Majewski, M. K., & Kozłowska, A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262211020 · Cited by 15
“This includes the role of neuroinflammation, with PET studies showing increased microglial activation in adults with ADHD [85], and the microbiome-gut-brain axis, which may influence both neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter synthesis [86].”
Ghosh, S., & Singh, S. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02822-6 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Lewis, N., Villani, A., & Lagopoulos, J.
- Affiliations
- University of the Sunshine Coast (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lewis, Naomi
- Villani, Anthony
- Lagopoulos, Jim
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-03
- Volume
- 569
- Pages
- 298-321
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4406661039
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 279
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 8
- FWCI
- 2.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, gut-brain axis, gut microbiota, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, blood-brain barrier, systemic inflammation, microbiome diversity
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Brain-Gut Axis, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Animals, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Humans, Inflammation, Dysbiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
