Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Epilepsy and Depression
Open accessAbstract
Many patients with epilepsy suffer from persistent seizures despite maximal antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Chronic, intermittent vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has proven to be a safe, effective option for patients suffering from refractory seizures who are not candidates for surgical resection. Although only a small minority of patients will be entirely seizure-free, VNS as an adjunct to medical therapy does appear to provide a significant amount of improvement in quality of life. Reports of antidepressant effects independent of seizure control, along with the use of multiple AEDs in the treatment of depression, has led to the investigation of VNS as a potential adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder. Both the number of severely depressed patients refractory to available pharmacologic options and the need for repeated treatments and significant side effects associated with electroconvulsive therapy have heightened the interest in VNS for this patient population. Pilot studies of VNS for depression have shown impressive response rates; however, the effect appears to be gradual in onset, as demonstrated by the lack of a favorable response in a short-term, randomized controlled study. Investigation is thus needed to establish the potential role of VNS as an adjunctive treatment for severe depression.
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Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to increase HRV and shift autonomic cardiac control towards parasympathetic predominance in healthy controls.
“A more invasive intervention that has been shown to increase HRV and shift autonomic cardiac control towards parasympathetic predominance in HCs is vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), which involves implanting electrodes on the vagus nerve and using electrical pulses to generate firing potentials110.”
From Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health (2021) · cites this paper as [110]
The “NCP system: device and surgical procedure” section describes electrodes wrapped around the left vagus nerve and an electrical stimulation signal. But the paper does not report increased HRV or a shift toward parasympathetic cardiac control in healthy controls. Its discussion of autonomic function instead notes a lack of significant effect on heart rate and blood pressure; that observation does not directly test HRV. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVNS has been approved for the treatment of epilepsy and treatment-refractory depression and has shown initial evidence for weight loss in these two populations.
“VNS has been approved for the treatment of epilepsy and treatment-refractory depression110 and has shown initial evidence for weight loss in these two populations111.”
From Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health (2021) · cites this paper as [110]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Milby, A. H., Halpern, C. H., & Baltuch, G. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baltuch, Gordon H.
- ORCID
- Halpern, Casey H.
- Venue
- Neurotherapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-85
- ISSN
- 1878-7479 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5084129
- OpenAlex
- W2030580783
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- vagus nerve stimulation, epilepsy, refractory seizures, major depressive disorder, antidepressant effects, adjunctive therapy, antiepileptic drugs, quality of life, treatment-resistant depression
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Depression, Electric Stimulation, Epilepsy, Humans, Vagus Nerve, MEDLINE
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