The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cigarette Smoking and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the EUREYE Study
Abstract
Objective To examine the association between cigarette smoking and age-related maculopathy (ARM) including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the European population.Design Cross-sectional study.Participants Four thousand seven hundred fifty randomly sampled > or =65-year-olds from 7 study centers across Europe (Norway, Estonia, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Greece, and Spain).Methods Participants underwent an eye examination and digital retinal photography. The images were graded at a single center. Smoking history was ascertained by a structured questionnaire administered by trained fieldworkers. Multinomial and binary logistic regressions were used to examine the association between smoking history and ARM grade and type of AMD, taking account of potential confounders and the multicenter study design.Main outcome measures Photographic images were graded according to the International Classification System for ARM and stratified using the Rotterdam staging system into 5 exclusive stages (ARM 0-3 and ARM 4, also known as AMD). Age-related macular degeneration also was classified as neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy (GA).Results One hundred fifty-eight cases were categorized as AMD (109 neovascular AMD and 49 GA); 2260 had no signs of ARM (ARM 0). Current smokers had increased odds of neovascular AMD (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-4.8) or GA (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.1-11.1), whereas for ex-smokers the odds were around 1.7. Compared with people with unilateral AMD, those with bilateral AMD were more likely to have a history of heavy smoking in the previous 25 years (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.3-20.0). The attributable fraction for AMD due to smoking was 27% (95% CI, 19%-33%). There was no consistent association with ARM grades 1 to 3 and smoking.Conclusions These findings highlight the need for increasing public awareness of the risks associated with smoking and the benefit of quitting smoking. Patients with unilateral disease who are current smokers should be advised of the risk of second-eye disease.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In total, data from 18 prospective, cross-sectional studies and 8 case control studies [12,24-26,28,30,31,33-47,49-54,57-73] were included in the final analysis, contributing a sample of some 94,058 patients (ranging from 261 to 22,071) including 3,178 (ranging from 8 to 776) late AMD cases.”
From Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2010) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration
Klein, R. J., Zeiss, C., Chew, E. Y., Tsai, J.-Y., Sackler, R. S., Haynes, C., Henning, A. K., SanGiovanni, J. P., Mane, S. M., Mayne, S. T., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1109557 · Cited by 4,492
Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002.
(2004) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 4,157
Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration
Edwards, A. O., Ritter, R., Abel, K. J., Manning, A., Panhuysen, C., & Farrer, L. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110189 · Cited by 2,449
Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration
Haines, J. L., Hauser, M. A., Schmidt, S., Scott, W. K., Olson, L. M., Gallins, P., Spencer, K. L., Kwan, S. Y., Noureddine, M., Gilbert, J. R., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110359 · Cited by 2,424
Hageman, G. S., Anderson, D. H., Johnson, L. V., Hancox, L. S., Taiber, A. J., Hardisty, L. I., Hageman, J. L., Stockman, H. A., Borchardt, J. D., Gehrs, K. M., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501536102 · Cited by 1,961
Bird, A. C., Bressler, N. M., Bressler, S. B., Chisholm, I. H., Coscas, G., Davis, M. D., de Jong, P. T. V. M., Klaver, C. C. W., Klein, B. E. K., Klein, R., et al. (1995) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(05)80092-x · Cited by 1,926
Self-citationThe Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System
Klein, R., Davis, M. D., Magli, Y. L., Segał, P., Klein, R., & Hubbard, L. D. (1991) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32186-9 · Cited by 1,188
Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration
Smith, W., Assink, J., Klein, R., Mitchell, P., Klaver, C. C. W., Klein, B. E. K., Hofman, A., Jensen, S., Wang, J. J., & de Jong, P. T. V. M. (2001) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00580-7 · Cited by 1,071
Risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration
(2000) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00409-7 · Cited by 633
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chakravarthy, U., Wong, T. Y., Fletcher, A., Piault, E., Evans, C., Zlateva, G., Buggage, R., Pleil, A., & Mitchell, P. (2010) · BMC Ophthalmology · doi:10.1186/1471-2415-10-31 · Cited by 842
“Results In total, data from 18 prospective, cross-sectional studies and 8 case control studies [12,24-26,28,30,31, 33-47,49-54,57-73] were included in the final analysis, contributing a sample of some 94,058 patients (ranging from 261 to 22,071) including 3,178 (ranging from 8 to 776) late AMD cases.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationAge-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Asians
Wong, C. W., Yanagi, Y., Lee, W., Ogura, Y., Yeo, I. Y. S., Wong, T. Y., & Cheung, C. M. G. (2016) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.04.002 · Cited by 345
Fleckenstein, M., Issa, P. C., Helb, H. –., Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Finger, R. P., Scholl, H. P. N., Loeffler, K. U., & Holz, F. G. (2008) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1967 · Cited by 283
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Stahl, A. (2020) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0513 · Cited by 296
“The main modifiable risk factor is smoking: smokers have an odds ratio of 2.6 to 4.8 for the emergence of AMD, compared to non-smokers (16).”
InfluentialKrebs, I., Brannath, W., Glittenberg, C. G., Zeiler, F., Sebag, J., & Binder, S. (2007) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2007.07.024 · Cited by 252
State of science: Choroidal thickness and systemic health
Tan, K.-A., Gupta, P., Agarwal, A. K., Chhablani, J. K., Cheng, C., Keane, P. A., & Agrawal, R. V. (2016) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.02.007 · Cited by 249
Sunlight Exposure, Antioxidants, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
FLETCHER, A. E. (2008) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.126.10.1396 · Cited by 226
Self-citationFundus Autofluorescence and Progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration
Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Fleckenstein, M., Scholl, H. P. N., & Holz, F. G. (2009) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.004 · Cited by 203
Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Brinkmann, C. K., Alten, F., Herrmann, P., Stratmann, N. K., Göbel, A. P., Fleckenstein, M., Diller, M., Jaffe, G. J., & Holz, F. G. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7457 · Cited by 197
Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role of Oxidative Stress and Blood Vessels
Ruan, Y., Jiang, S., & Gericke, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031296 · Cited by 198
Therapeutic targets in age-related macular disease
Bird, A. C. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci42437 · Cited by 178
Augood, C. A., Chakravarthy, U., Young, I. S., Vioqué, J., de Jong, P. T. V. M., Bentham, G., Rahu, M., Seland, J. H., Soubrane, G., Tomazzoli, L., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.2.398 · Cited by 181
“Cigarette smoking is the most consistently identified modifiable lifestyle risk factor (5, 6).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKunchithapautham, K., Atkinson, C., & Rohrer, B. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.564674 · Cited by 165
“Smoking increases the risk for developing AMD (19), and promotes the progression of AMD from the atrophic to the neovascular form (20, 21); smoking cessation on the other hand can reduce both disease risk and rate of progression (22).”
BackgroundSchmitz-Valckenberg, S., Steinberg, J. S., Fleckenstein, M., Visvalingam, S., Brinkmann, C. K., & Holz, F. G. (2010) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.10.044 · Cited by 154
Gonadal Hormones and Retinal Disorders: A Review
Nuzzi, R., Scalabrin, S., Becco, A., & Panzica, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00066 · Cited by 152
“A systematic review (32) of 18 population-based studies and 6 case-control studies on the strength of the relationship among factors, increasing the risk for AMD reported that the risk factors most strongly correlated with degenerative maculopathy were age, smoking (33, 99, 100), history of cataract surgery (101–103),…”
BackgroundVitreomacular Adhesion in Active and End-Stage Age-related Macular Degeneration
Robison, C. D., Krebs, I., Binder, S., BARBAZETTO, I. A., Kotsolis, A. I., Yannuzzi, L. A., Sadun, A. A., & Sebag, J. (2009) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2009.01.014 · Cited by 145
Mechanism of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Parmeggiani, F., Romano, M., Costagliola, C., Semeraro, F., Incorvaia, C., D’Angelo, S., Perri, P., Palma, P. D., Nadai, K. D., & Sebastiani, A. (2012) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2012/546786 · Cited by 140
The role of advanced glycation end products in retinal ageing and disease
Glenn, J. V., & Stitt, A. W. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.04.016 · Cited by 127
Fleckenstein, M., Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Adrion, C., Krämer, I., Eter, N., Helb, H. –., Brinkmann, C. K., Issa, P. C., Mansmann, U., & Holz, F. G. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-4533 · Cited by 117
Antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Ciulla, T. A., & Rosenfeld, P. J. (2009) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e32832d25b3 · Cited by 121
Chen, M., Forrester, J. V., & Xu, H. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022818 · Cited by 114
“Aging is the primary disease determinant, while environmental factors such as smoking [6,7], diet [8,9], and light exposure are all risk factors of AMD [10].”
BackgroundFive-Year Incidence, Progression, and Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Jónasson, F., Fisher, D. E., Eiríksdóttir, G., Sigurdsson, S. O., Klein, R., Launer, L. J., Harris, T. B., Gudnason, V. G., & Cotch, M. F. (2014) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.03.013 · Cited by 110
Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Fleckenstein, M., Göbel, A. P., Hohman, T. C., & Holz, F. G. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5619 · Cited by 108
“10-5619 Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in persons over the age of 65 years.(1,2) Vision loss with this disease is attributable in large part to the advanced stages: exudative AMD and geographic atrophy (GA).”
BackgroundThe rationale and evidence base for a protective role of macular pigment in age-related maculopathy
Loane, E., Kelliher, C., BEATTY, S. E., & Nolan, J. M. (2008) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.135566 · Cited by 99
Saccà, S. C., Roszkowska, A. M., & Izzotti, A. (2013) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2013.01.001 · Cited by 100
Two-Year Results of Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Kurashige, Y., Otani, A., Sasahara, M., Yodoi, Y., Tamura, H., Tsujikawa, A., & Yoshimura, N. (2008) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.025 · Cited by 95
Smoking and the Risk of Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Meta-Analysis
Cong, R., Zhou, B., Sun, Q., Gu, H., Tang, N., & Wang, B. (2008) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.04.002 · Cited by 101
Mediterranean Diet Score and Its Association with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Hogg, R. E., Woodside, J. V., McGrath, A. J., Young, I. S., Vioqué, J., Chakravarthy, U., de Jong, P. T. V. M., Rahu, M., Seland, J. H., Soubrane, G., et al. (2016) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.09.019 · Cited by 98
Self-citationEmerging therapeutic strategies for unmet need in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Khachigian, L. M., Liew, G., Teo, K. Y. C., Wong, T. Y., & Mitchell, P. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-03937-7 · Cited by 98
“Current smoking [32], and polymorphisms in CFH [33] and ARMS2 [34] together account for up to 45% of risk for developing AMD [35].”
BackgroundNutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age‐Related Macular Degeneration: A Review
Carneiro, Â. M., & Andrade, J. P. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/6469138 · Cited by 93
“5 and appears to be cumulative over time [17, 18].”
BackgroundLipécz, Á., Miller, L. R., Kovács, I., Czakó, C. N., Csípő, T., Baffi, J., Csiszár, A., Tarantini, S., Ungvari, Z. I., Yabluchanskiy, A., et al. (2019) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-019-00138-3 · Cited by 88
Smoking As a Risk Factor for Cystoid Macular Edema Complicating Intermediate Uveitis
Thorne, J. E., Daniel, E., Jabs, D. A., KEDHAR, S. R., Peters, G. B., & Dunn, J. P. (2008) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2007.12.032 · Cited by 85
Gene–environment interactions in ocular diseases
Saccà, S. C., Bolognesi, C., Battistella, A., Bagnis, A., & Izzotti, A. (2008) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.11.002 · Cited by 84
Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Sadda, S. R., Staurenghi, G., Chew, E. Y., Fleckenstein, M., & Holz, F. G. (2016) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000001258 · Cited by 81
A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Lem, D. W., Davey, P. G., Gierhart, D. L., & Rosen, R. B. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10081255 · Cited by 85
Xu, Y.-L., Guan, N., Xu, J., Yang, X., Ma, K., Zhou, H., Zhang, F., Snellingen, T., Jiao, Y., Liu, X., et al. (2008) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 75
Loss of Complement Factor H impairs antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism of human RPE cells
Armento, A., Honisch, S., Panagiotakopoulou, V., Sonntag, I., Jacob, A., Bolz, S., Kilger, E., Deleidi, M., Clark, S. J., & Ueffing, M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67292-z · Cited by 75
Reliability of the Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization Induced by Laser Photocoagulation
Poor, S. H., Qiu, Y., Fassbender, E. S., Shen, S., Woolfenden, A. E., Delpero, A. R., Kim, Y., Buchanan, N. M., Gebuhr, T. C., Hanks, S. M., et al. (2014) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15067 · Cited by 73
Treatments for dry age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease: a systematic review.
Waugh, N., Loveman, E., Colquitt, J., Royle, P., Yeong, J., Hoad, G. V., & Lois, N. (2018) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta22270 · Cited by 61
Metabolomics and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Brown, C. N., Green, B., Thompson, R., den Hollander, A. I., & Lengyel, I. (2018) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo9010004 · Cited by 67
“Environmental factors, such as diet (fat intake and antioxidants) and lifestyle, particularly smoking [7,8], also contribute to the risk of developing the disease.”
BackgroundPreferred therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Chiang, A., & Regillo, C. D. (2011) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e32834597d9 · Cited by 66
Genetic Determinants of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Diverse Populations From the PAGE Study
Restrepo, N. A., Spencer, K. L., Goodloe, R., Garrett, T. A., HEISS, G. M., kova, P. B., Jorgensen, N. W., Jensen, R. A., Matise, T. C., Hindorff, L. A., et al. (2014) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14246 · Cited by 66
“While most associations did not generalize in the non-European populations, variants within lipid-related genes were found to be associated with AMD.”
BackgroundInfluentialHolz, F. G., Korobelnik, J.-F., Lanzetta, P., Mitchell, P., Schmidt-Erfurth, U., Wolf, S., Markabi, S., Schmidli, H., & Weichselberger, A. (2010) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3813 · Cited by 66
Mitochondria: Potential Targets for Protection in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Brown, E. E., Lewin, A. S., & Ash, J. D. (2018) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_2 · Cited by 68
A Mechanistic Review of Cigarette Smoke and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Woodell, A. S., & Rohrer, B. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_38 · Cited by 63
Prevalence and pattern of vitreo-retinal diseases in Nepal: the Bhaktapur glaucoma study
Thapa, S. S., Thapa, R., Paudyal, I., Khanal, S. P., Aujla, J., Paudyal, G., & van Rens, G. H. M. B. (2013) · BMC Ophthalmology · doi:10.1186/1471-2415-13-9 · Cited by 62
“This latter is a pertinent issue in Nepal where the majority of the population work in fields without adequate protective eye wears [31-33].”
BackgroundConcordance of Disease Progression in Bilateral Geographic Atrophy Due to AMD
Fleckenstein, M., Adrion, C., Schmitz-Valckenberg, S., Göbel, A. P., Bindewald-Wittich, A., Scholl, H. P. N., Mansmann, U., & Holz, F. G. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3547 · Cited by 60
Cardiovascular risk factors associated with age‐related macular degeneration: the Tromsø Study
Erke, M. G., Bertelsen, G., Pető, T., Sjølie, A. K., Lindekleiv, H., & Njølstad, I. (2014) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.12346 · Cited by 56
“Besides age, smoking is a well-established risk factor for late AMD in both cross-sectional (McCarty et al. 2001; Smith et al. 2001; Chakravarthy et al. 2007) and longitudinal (Tomany et al.”
BackgroundSigler, E. J., Randolph, J. C., Calzada, J. I., & Charles, S. (2014) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2014.100 · Cited by 58
Romero‐Vázquez, S., Llorens, V., Soler-Boronat, A., Figueras‐Roca, M., Adán, A., & Molins, B. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9070763 · Cited by 56
“Interestingly, individ‐ uals with 20‐smoke free years presented OR comparable to non‐smokers [11,12].”
BackgroundGenomic aspects of age-related macular degeneration
Horie‐Inoue, K., & Inoue, S. (2014) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.013 · Cited by 54
(2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 55
Chaudhuri, M., Hassan, Y., Vemana, P. P. S. B., Pattanashetty, M. S. B., Abdin, Z. U., & Siddiqui, H. F. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.39624 · Cited by 62
“Age, cigarette smoking, an elevated body mass index, family history, and comorbid conditions, including hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, have all been frequently identified as risk factors for AMD in epidemiological research over the past few years [6-8].”
BackgroundWoodell, A. S., Coughlin, B. A., Kunchithapautham, K., Casey, S. E., Williamson, T., Ferrell, W. D., Atkinson, C., Jones, B. W., & Rohrer, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067894 · Cited by 52
“In addition, smoking also promotes the progression of AMD from the atrophic to neovascular form [25].”
BackgroundClinical safety of ranibizumab in age-related macular degeneration
Schmidt-Erfurth, U. M. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740330903418422 · Cited by 50
“AMD and cardiovascular disease have a number of risk factors in common, including age and smoking [71].”
BackgroundMurinello, S., Mullins, R. F., Lotery, A. J., Perry, V. H., & Teeling, J. L. (2014) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11821 · Cited by 51
Fernández, A. B., Wong, T. Y., Klein, R., Collins, D. E., Burke, G. L., Cotch, M. F., Klein, B. E. K., Sadeghi, M. M., & Chen, J. (2011) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.044 · Cited by 52
Lifestyle Exposures and Eye Diseases in Adults
Klein, R., & Klein, R. (2007) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2007.08.016 · Cited by 48
Delcourt, C., Delyfer, M., Rougier, M., Amouyel, P., Colin, J., Goff, M. L., Malet, F., Dartigues, J., Lambert, J., & Korobelnik, J. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6235 · Cited by 49
Raimundo, M., Mira, F. S., Cachulo, M. L., Barreto, P. S. D., Ribeiro, L., Farinha, C., Laíns, I., Nunes, S. G., Alves, D., Figueira, J., et al. (2018) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.13775 · Cited by 49
“Also, while smoking is a definite and strong risk factor for late AMD, it is reported to be a weaker or even inexistent risk factor in early AMD (Delcourt et al. 1998; Khan et al. 2006; Chakravarthy et al. 2007) .”
BackgroundPrevention of the Onset of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Carlo, E. D., & Augustin, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10153297 · Cited by 48
“In particular, positive behavioral modifications including smoking cessation, exercise, and healthy diet with the addition of nutritional supplements [8,9].”
BackgroundRisk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy
Connell, P., Keane, P. A., O’Neill, E. C., Al‐Taie, R., Loane, E., Neelam, K., Nolan, J. M., & Beatty, S. (2009) · Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1155/2009/360764 · Cited by 49
Chakravarthy, U., McKay, G. J., de Jong, P. T. V. M., Rahu, M., Seland, J. H., Soubrane, G., Tomazzoli, L., Topouzis, F., Vingerling, J. R., Vioqué, J., et al. (2012) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.08.004 · Cited by 50
Self-citationPreferred therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Lally, D. R., Gerstenblith, A. T., & Regillo, C. D. (2012) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e328352411c · Cited by 47
“In the USA, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in those over 65 years of age [1,2].”
BackgroundNeuner, B., Komm, A., Wellmann, J., Dietzel, M., Pauleikhoff, D., Walter, J., Busch, M., & Hense, H.-W. (2009) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.05.015 · Cited by 46
Ophthalmic epidemiology in Europe: the “European Eye Epidemiology” (E3) consortium
Delcourt, C., Korobelnik, J., Buitendijk, G. H. S., Foster, P. J., Hammond, C. J., Piermarocchi, S., Pető, T., Jansonius, N. M., Mirshahi, A., Hogg, R. E., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0098-2 · Cited by 42
Self-citationThe Pathophysiology of Cigarette Smoking and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Dhubhghaill, S. N., Cahill, M. T., Campbell, M., Cassidy, L., Humphries, M. M., & Humphries, P. (2009) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_50 · Cited by 42
“Cigarette smoke further affects AMD by promoting progression from atrophic to neovascular AMD (Chakravarthy et al. 2007).”
BackgroundSakurada, Y., Kubota, T., Imasawa, M., Mabuchi, F., Tateno, Y., Tanabe, N., & Iijima, H. (2011) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.12.010 · Cited by 42
Thapa, R., Bajimaya, S., Paudyal, G., Khanal, S. P., Tan, H. S., Thapa, S. S., & van Rens, G. H. M. B. (2015) · BMC Ophthalmology · doi:10.1186/s12886-015-0175-z · Cited by 43
“Smoking and sunlight exposure are significant risk factors for AMD in studies conducted in Nepal and elsewhere [33–37].”
BackgroundEFFECT OF SMOKING ON MACULAR FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE IN ACTIVE SMOKERS VERSUS PASSIVE SMOKERS
El-Shazly, A. A. E.-F., Farweez, Y. A. T., Elzankalony, Y. A., Elewa, L. S., & Farweez, B. A. T. (2017) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000001632 · Cited by 37
Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Portugal: The Coimbra Eye Study - Report 1
Cachulo, M. L., Lobo, C. L., Figueira, J., Ribeiro, L., Laíns, I., Vieira, A., Nunes, S. G., Costa, M. A., Simão, S., Rodrigues, V., et al. (2015) · Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1159/000371584 · Cited by 38
Molecular Genetic Mechanisms in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Shughoury, A., Sevgi, D. D., & Ciulla, T. A. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13071233 · Cited by 42
Age-related macular degeneration: current treatment and future options
Moutray, T., & Chakravarthy, U. (2011) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/2040622311415895 · Cited by 37
“Cigarette smoking is a wellestablished risk factor for the development of AMD [Thornton et al. 2005] and cessation is advised as there is a dose response relationship with pack-years of smoking [Chakravarthy et al. 2007; Khan et al. 2006].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMukhtar, S., & Ambati, B. K. (2019) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-019-01140-6 · Cited by 35
“Positive behavioral modifications include smoking cessation [5], exercise, and healthy diet; there have been investigations of the utility of supplements to slow down progression of AMD.”
BackgroundÜney, G., Ünlü, N., Acar, M. A., Hazırolan, D., Altıparmak, U. E., Yalnız-Akkaya, Z., & Örnek, F. (2013) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e318295f72e · Cited by 34
Tosi, G. M., Giustarini, D., Franci, L., Minetti, A., Imperatore, F., Caldi, E., Fiorenzani, P., Aloisi, A. M., Sparatore, A., Rossi, R., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22020600 · Cited by 34
Droz, I., Mantel, I., Ambresin, A., Faouzi, M., Schorderet, D. F., & Munier, F. L. (2008) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.127811 · Cited by 35
Update on the role of genetics in the onset of age-related macular degeneration
Francis, P. J. (2011) · Clinical ophthalmology · doi:10.2147/opth.s11627 · Cited by 32
Effects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Postural Sway
Chatard, H., Tépenier, L., Jankowski, O., Aussems, A., Allieta, A., Beydoun, T., Salah, S. B., & Bucci, M. P. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00158 · Cited by 31
“Other studies have reported that there is two AMD with choroidal neovascularization for one AMD with geographic atrophy (Chakravarthy et al., 2007).”
BackgroundCompromised Integrity of Central Visual Pathways in Patients With Macular Degeneration
Malania, M., Konrad, J., Jägle, H., Werner, J. S., & Greenlee, M. W. (2017) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.16-21191 · Cited by 31
Woodell, A. S., Jones, B. W., Williamson, T., Schnabolk, G., Tomlinson, S., Atkinson, C., & Rohrer, B. (2016) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18471 · Cited by 30
Estimated Prevalence and Risk Factor for Age-related Maculopathy
Roh, M., Kim, J. H., Byeon, S. H., Koh, H. J., Lee, S. C., & Kwon, O. W. (2008) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2008.49.6.931 · Cited by 31
Differential effects of nicotine on retinal and vascular cells in vitro
Patil, A. J., Gramajo, A. L., Sharma, A., Seigel, G. M., Kuppermann, B. D., & Kenney, M. C. (2009) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.02.004 · Cited by 29
Gastaldello, A., Giampieri, F., Quiles, J. L., Navarro‐Hortal, M. D., Obregón, S. A., Villena, E. G., Pifarré, K. T., Giuseppe, R. D., Grosso, G., Cianciosi, D., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14102028 · Cited by 30
“Among the former, increasing age, female sex, certain genetic polymorphisms, having a family history of AMD, light skin colour, and light iris colour, are associated with an increased risk of AMD [10,11]; among the latter, smoking is the strongest-recognized determinant of a heightened risk of late AMD [12,13], whilst…”
BackgroundTamura, H., Tsujikawa, A., Yamashiro, K., Akagi-Kurashige, Y., Nakata, I., Nakanishi, H., Hayashi, H., Ooto, S., Otani, A., & Yoshimura, N. (2012) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2012.03.042 · Cited by 27
Cachulo, M. L., Laíns, I., Lobo, C. L., Figueira, J., Ribeiro, L., Marques, J. P., Costa, J. C., Vieira, A., Rodrigues, J., Alves, D., et al. (2016) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.12950 · Cited by 27
“Despite the weak associations reported for early AMD (Smith et al. 2001; Klein et al. 2002; Mitchell et al. 2002; Khan et al. 2006; Chakravarthy et al. 2007; Tan et al. 2007), it is currently well established that current smokers present an increased risk for late AMD (2.”
BackgroundInfluentialNielsen, M. K., Hector, S. M., Allen, K., Subhi, Y., & Sørensen, T. L. (2017) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-017-0100-9 · Cited by 28
“The increase in risk is most pronounced in current smokers, but is also markedly higher in former smokers [34].”
BackgroundPresent and Possible Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Khan, M. A., Agarwal, K., Loutfi, M., & Kamal, A. (2014) · ISRN Ophthalmology · doi:10.1155/2014/608390 · Cited by 26
“The casual relationship between smoking and AMD has been noted to significantly increase the risk of developing AMD by two- to threefold; therefore smoking cessation is heavily emphasised [22].”
BackgroundPeriodontal Diseases and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Is There a Link? A Review
Pockpa, Z. A. D., Struillou, X., Koné, D., Mobio, G. S., Soueidan, A., & Badran, Z. (2019) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/18.260 · Cited by 26
Biomarkers as Predictive Factors of Anti-VEGF Response
Bobadilla, M., Pariente, A., Ana, I., Peláez, R., Pérez-Sala, Á., & Larráyoz, I. M. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051003 · Cited by 26
Mansoor, S., Gupta, N., Luczy-Bachman, G., Limb, G. A., Kuppermann, B. D., & Kenney, M. C. (2010) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.03.013 · Cited by 26
Arnold, C., Jentsch, S., Dawczynski, J., & Böhm, V. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.012 · Cited by 26
“However, data suggest that there are mainly three strategies of prevention: abstinence from cigarette smoking [1–3], protection of the eyes from extended sunlight exposure [4–6], and a balanced diet rich in dark green, leafy vegetables [7–9].”
BackgroundProtection of human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage using cysteine prodrugs
Kularatne, R. N., Bulumulla, C., Catchpole, T., Takacs, A., Christie, A. H., Stefan, M. C., & Csaky, K. G. (2020) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.024 · Cited by 26
Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Xu, C., Peng, A., Qin, H., & Yao, K. (2025) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116902 · Cited by 25
Walchuk, C., & Suh, M. (2020) · Advances in food and nutrition research · doi:10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.04.003 · Cited by 27
Risk factors for exudative age-related macular degeneration in a large French case–control study
Zerbib, J., Delcourt, C., Puche, N., Querques, G., Cohen, S. Y., Sahel, J., Korobelnik, J., Goff, M. L., & Souied, E. H. (2013) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-013-2537-7 · Cited by 28
“With regard to smoking, the present study provides details on the effect of the level of smoking and of time to smoking cessation [9, 23–29].”
BackgroundAge-Related Macular Degeneration and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Fernández, A. B., Panza, G. A., Benjamin, C., Chatterjee, S., Jayaraman, R., & Wu, W. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142968 · Cited by 25
“Although the precise etiology of AMD remains unclear, the disease has been associated with various traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as age [7], elevated serum cholesterol levels [8], hypertension [9], and cigarette smoking [10], which raises the question as to whether AMD itself is an independent risk fac…”
BackgroundRisk Stratification and Clinical Utility of Polygenic Risk Scores in Ophthalmology
Qassim, A., Souzeau, E., Hollitt, G. L., Hassall, M., Siggs, O. M., & Craig, J. E. (2021) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.10.6.14 · Cited by 24
Rohrer, B., Frazer‐Abel, A. A., Leonard, A. P., Ratnapriya, R., Ward, T., Pietraszkiewicz, A. A., O’Quinn, E. C., Adams, K., Swaroop, A., & Wolf, B. J. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 23
Épidémiologie de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge
Leveziel, N., Delcourt, C., Zerbib, J., Dollfus, H., Kaplan, J., Benlian, P., COSCAS, G. J., Souied, E. H., & Soubrane, G. (2009) · Journal Français d Ophtalmologie · doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2009.04.009 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Chakravarthy, U., Augood, C., Bentham, G. C., de Jong, P. T. V. M., Rahu, M., Seland, J., Soubrane, G., Tomazzoli, L., Topouzis, F., Vingerling, J. R., Vioque, J., Young, I. S., & Fletcher, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- National Institute for Health Development (EE)
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- University of Verona (IT)
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Fletcher, A.E.
- Venue
- Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1157-1163
- ISSN
- 0161-6420 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1966367482
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 13.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, age-related macular degeneration, age-related maculopathy, neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, smoking cessation, attributable fraction, older adults, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environment, Europe, Female, Humans, Life Style, Macular Degeneration, Male, Photography, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Odds Ratio, Smoking Cessation, Choroidal Neovascularization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
