Smoking history and the incidence of age-related macular degeneration—Results from the Muenster Aging and Retina Study (MARS) cohort and systematic review and meta-analysis of observational longitudinal studies
Abstract
To compare the association of smoking with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Muenster Aging and Retina Study (MARS) cohort with current evidence. Adjusted risk ratios for incident AMD in MARS were compared with findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational prospective studies. 9.6% of MARS participants progressed to AMD over a median of 30.9 months. In MARS the adjusted risk ratio in current versus never smokers was 3.25 (95% confidence interval [1.50-7.06]), and 1.28 [0.70-2.33] in former smokers versus never smokers. The meta-analysis of previous studies showed a pooled adjusted risk ratio of 2.51 [1.09-5.76] in current versus never smokers. Inclusion of the MARS findings removed between-study heterogeneity and accentuated the pooled adjusted risk ratio for current smokers to 2.75 [1.52-4.98]. Specific analyses in MARS revealed a protective effect for time since smoking cessation in former smokers with an adjusted risk ratio=0.50 [0.29-0.89] per log(year). Current smoking nearly triples AMD incidence, while smoking cessation lowers AMD incidence in a non-linear fashion even in the elderly.
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Smoking is a well-documented AMD risk factor, and a recent meta-analysis showed that current smoking nearly triples AMD incidence.
“Smoking, a common mechanism for generating oxidative stress, is a well-documented AMD risk factor, and a recent meta-analysis showed that current smoking nearly triples AMD incidence (Neuner et al., 2009).”
From Retinal ultrastructure of murine models of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (2010) · cites this paper as Neuner et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Neuner, B., Komm, A., Wellmann, J., Dietzel, M., Pauleikhoff, D., Walter, J., Busch, M., & Hense, H.-W.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- St. Franziskus Hospital (DE)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Robert Koch Institute (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Neuner, Bruno
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 938-947
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2089980564
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Keywords
- smoking, age-related macular degeneration, smoking cessation, former smokers, current smokers, risk factors, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Germany, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Smoking, Incidence, Smoking Cessation
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