The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The conspiracy-effect: Exposure to conspiracy theories (about global warming) decreases pro-social behavior and science acceptance
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“decreased intentions to 1 volunteer for a charity [13]”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Citations
Cites
Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data?
Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610393980 · Cited by 9,996
Conducting behavioral research on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk
Mason, W., & Suri, S. (2012) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0124-6 · Cited by 3,172
Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature
Cook, J., Nuccitelli, D., Green, S., Richardson, M., Winkler, B., Painting, R., Way, R. G., Jacobs, P., & Skuce, A. G. (2013) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024 · Cited by 1,518
The Effects of Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Vaccination Intentions
Jolley, D., & Douglas, K. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089177 · Cited by 1,232 · cited 2×
“For example, recent research has shown that reading information about specific conspiracy theories can decrease people's intention to vote and vaccinate (Jolley & Douglas, 2014).”
ResultGoertzel, T. (1994) · Political Psychology · doi:10.2307/3791630 · Cited by 1,094 · cited 1×
“For example, a number of recent studies have revealed that belief in one conspiracy is highly predictive of belief in other conspiracies (Goertzel, 1994; Swami et al., 2011).”
ResultConspiracy theories: Causes and cures
Sunstein, C. R., & Vermeule, A. (2009) · Journal of Political Philosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00325.x · Cited by 1,050 · cited 1×
“Indeed , while some conspiracy theories are merely false, others are based on beliefs that are not only false but also harmful (Maibach, 2012; Sunstein & Vermeule, 2009).”
BackgroundThe Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science
Lewandowsky, S., Gignac, G. E., & Oberauer, K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075637 · Cited by 693
Conspiracy Theories and the Paranoid Style(s) of Mass Opinion
Oliver, J., & Wood, T. (2014) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12084 · Cited by 689
The scientific consensus on climate change as a gateway belief: experimental evidence
van der Linden, S. L., Leiserowitz, A. A., Feinberg, G. D., & Maibach, E. W. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118489 · Cited by 661
Dead and Alive: Beliefs in Contradictory Conspiracy Theories
Wood, M. J., Douglas, K. M., & Sutton, R. M. (2012) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550611434786 · Cited by 660
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–389 of 389
Crenças em Teorias da Conspiração: uma aproximação desde a Psicologia Social
Rezende, A. T., Gouveia, V. V., & Moizéis, H. B. C. (2021) · Interação em Psicologia · doi:10.5380/riep.v25i1.61173 · Cited by 4
Besta, T., Nęcka, J., & Jaśkiewicz, M. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231161789 · Cited by 1
“Conspiracy thinking is related also to the abandonment of traditional medicine in favor of the use of alternative medicine (Oliver & Wood, 2014) and exposure to conspiracy theories decreases prosocial behaviors and science acceptance (Van der Linden, 2015).”
Lacroix, I. (2022) · Éditions des maisons des sciences de l’homme associées eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.emsha.1484 · Cited by 1
Graton, A., Sarrasin, O., Klein, O., & Schuldt, J. P. (2024) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/asap.12410 · Cited by 2
The role of climate change conspiracy in consumers’ pro-environmental behaviors
Thieme, J., Stafford, M. R., & Coleman, J. T. (2024) · ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing · doi:10.5585/remark.v23i3.25550 · Cited by 1
Uscinski, J. E., Littrell, S., & Klofstad, C. (2025) · Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties · doi:10.1080/17457289.2025.2514197 · Cited by 1
“…2013; Einstein and Glick 2015; Hollander 2017; Jolley and Douglas 2014; Jolley, Meleady, and Douglas 2020; Stempel, Hargrove, and Stempel 2007; van der Linden 2015), (ii) traditional left-right political predis-positions (e.g. partisan and ideological identities, presidential job approval)…”
Sendra-Duro, E. (2025) · Doxa Comunicación Revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales · doi:10.31921/doxacom.n41a2861 · Cited by 1
Küçükergi̇n, K. G., Koç, B., Dedeoğlu, B. B., & Küçükergin, F. N. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2025.2523341 · Cited by 1
“While several other studies have demonstrated a relationship between climate change denial (or similar concepts) and pro-environmental behavior (e.g. Van der Linden, 2015), Kiral Ucar et al. (2023) reported no significant effect of climate change denial on pro-environmental behavior, despite the…”
Facing a Fast-Paced, Digital World: Gen Z’s Perception of Social (Media) Groups
Schwarze, V., Börsting, J., & Eimler, S. C. (2025) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-025-09536-8 · Cited by 1
Antecedents and consequences of science-related conspiracy beliefs.
Douglas, K. M. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102191 · Cited by 2
Maughan‐Brown, B., Egbe, T. I., Bokolo, S., Rabin, M. A., Chetty-Makkan, C. M., Kornides, M. L., Long, L. C., Pascoe, S. J. S., Penuela-Wermers, S., van der Linden, S., et al. (2026) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-026-05045-1 · Cited by 1
“But Otherwise But Otherwise. All Lies!” (Rio Reiser, 1986) – From the Charm of Conspiracy Theories
Frindte, W., & Frindte, I. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-38637-5_15 · Cited by 1
Mayer, A., & Ryder, S. (2023) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231231177154 · Cited by 1
“For instance, those who believe that climate change is a hoax are less likely to make efforts to reduce their carbon footprint (Pummerer 2022; Van der Linden 2015; Van Prooijen et al. 2022).”
BackgroundSelf-Control and Belief in Conspiracy Theories
Heitkamp, A., & Mowen, T. J. (2023) · Social Currents · doi:10.1177/23294965231193382 · Cited by 1
“…health decisions (e.g., refusing contra-ceptives, vaccines, and other medicine; Thorburn and Bogart 2005), decreased political engagement (e.g., voting, making campaign contributions; Jolley and Douglas 2014), and decreased prosocial behaviors (e.g., donating, volunteering; van der Linden 2015).”
BackgroundDanyliuk, I., Ігорович, Я. І., Kurapov, A., Malysheva, K., Loshenko, O., & Lytvyn, S. (2023) · Ukrainian Psychological Journal · doi:10.17721/upj.2023.1(19).2 · Cited by 1
Essary, C. (2024) · Journal of Science Communication · doi:10.22323/2.23090202 · Cited by 1
Šrol, J., Čavojová, V., & Adamus, M. (2025) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546783.2025.2464962 · Cited by 2
“This was alarming, as exposure to CTs is known to have a range of negative consequences, such as decreased acceptance of science (van der Linden, 2015), increased non-normative sociopolitical behaviour (Imhoff et al., 2021), or prejudice against certain social groups (Jolley et al., 2020).”
Turska–Kawa, A., & Pilch, I. (2025) · Communication Today · doi:10.34135/communicationtoday.2025.vol.16.no.1.8 · Cited by 1
Evaluating real-world effects of one-off fake news exposure
Greene, C. M., Brassil, M., Bryan, E., Glass, S. B., O’Connor, R., O’Keeffe, V., Howarth, E., D’Silva, L. R., Tong, R., & Murphy, G. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-13291-x · Cited by 1
“On the other hand, it is possible that the manipulation described by van der Linden – in which participants viewed a two minute video about climate conspiracy theories – would have also affected the other two behaviours assessed in the present study.”
Influentialde Gourville, D., Douglas, K. M., & Sutton, R. M. (2025) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.70035 · Cited by 5
Conspiracy Theories for Journalists
(2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.003.0031 · Cited by 1
Siegmann, A. H. (2022) · SpringerBriefs in climate studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85322-8 · Cited by 1
COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs among Romanian university students
Lup, O., & Mitrea, E. C. (2021) · Analele Universitatii din Bucuresti - Stiinte Politice · doi:10.54885/nwgi2184 · Cited by 2
Роль социальных медиа в адаптации россиян, занятых на прекарных рынках труда в Корее и Китае
Ryzhova, N., & Николаевна, Ж. Т. (2022) · Journal of Economic Sociology · doi:10.17323/1726-3247-2022-2-11-35 · Cited by 2
Ostracism in the era of COVID-19: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup perspectivesPreprint
Gkinopoulos, T., & Galanaki, E. P. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/45fg9 · Cited by 1
Arfini, S. (2019) · Studies in applied philosophy, epistemology and rational ethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32722-4_3
„Aber sonst aber sonst. Alles Lüge!“ (Rio Reiser, 1986) – vom Charme der Verschwörungstheorien
Frindte, W., & Frindte, I. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-27951-6_15
How to Deal with Fake News: Visualizing DisinformationPreprint
Espinoza, F., Department of Physics, Astronomy, Hofstra University, Hempstead, USA., N., Department of Chemistry, Education, P.-A., Westbury, S. O., Westbury, O., et al. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2101.09251
“…a sociological perspective, it has been found that more than half of the US population believes in at least one conspiracy, and belief in one such theory quickly leads to espousal of other conspiracy theories, something that has significantly negative societal consequences (S. der Linden, 2015).”
BackgroundThe measurement and prediction of conspiracy beliefs
Rose, C. (2017) · Figshare · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17060408.v1 · Cited by 3
Contemporary Challenges to Democracy
(2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108779104.025
Beliefs and climate change skepticism in French peoplePreprint
Krause, E., Weiss, K., & Trémolière, B. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hvwmk · Cited by 1
The relevance of philosophy in times of the coronavirus crisis
Pavličić, J., Petrović, M., & Smajevic-Roljic, M. (2022) · Filozofija i drustvo · doi:10.2298/fid2201233p
Theoretical Model of Behavioral Consequences of Faith in Conspiracy Theory
Ярош, Н. С., & Artiukhova, V. (2021) · Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. A Series of Psychology · doi:10.26565/2225-7756-2021-70-10 · Cited by 1
“…& Douglas, 2014) зменшення співчуття іншим (Watson & Morris, 1991) позиціонування того , що власне життя важливіше , ніж життя інших людей (Campbell & Foster, 2007) спонукає наявність міжгрупових конфліктів і забобонів (Bilewicz et al., 2013; Kofta & Sedek, 2005; Golec de Zavala & Cichocka, 2012…”
Natural stings: alternative health services selling distrust about vaccines on YouTubePreprint
Machado, D. F. T., de Siqueira, A. F., & Gitahy, L. (2020) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/vtf5r
Conspiracies will not pay you offPreprint
Adamus, M., & Mikušková, E. B. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/snv7m · Cited by 1
Fake News und Verschwörungsmythen in Corona-Zeiten
Frindte, W. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-36638-4_21
Цифровая утопия: труд в эпоху искусственного интеллекта
Мартыненко, Т. С. (2022) · Journal of Economic Sociology · doi:10.17323/1726-3247-2022-2-129-140
King, S. (2022) · Journal of Economic Sociology · doi:10.17323/1726-3247-2022-2-141-146
China's Coronavirus-Oriented Diplomacy in Nigeria
Aniagu, C. (2023) · Advances in electronic government, digital divide, and regional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8394-4.ch005
Deniz, M. E. (2022) · Yildiz Journal of Educational Research Yildiz Technical University · doi:10.14744/yjer.2021.008
Silence as Leadership Communication: Public Perception, Interpretation, and Negotiated Meaning
Utulu, A. U., & Bello, D. B. (2023) · European Scientific Journal ESJ · doi:10.19044/esj.2023.v19n22p71
Kekesi, E. K., Agyemang, C. B., & Sam, D. L. (2023) · Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100168
Hopkins, R. C. (2024) · Culture & Psychology · doi:10.1177/1354067x241236729
“Much of the psychology literature characterizes conspiracy theory belief itself as irrational (Brotherton et al., 2013; Swami et al., 2014; van der Linden, 2015), showing that this is still the dominant frame for understanding conspiracy theories.”
الإيمان بنظريات المؤامرة: المبادئ الأساسية لمجال بحثي مستجد
جان, و. ف. ب., & دوغلاس, م. د. ك. م. (2023) · The Egyptian Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.21608/ejsbs.2023.347131
The effect of thinking styles on belief in conspiracy theories in the context of Covid-19
Baruh, L., Ustaoğlu, B., Cemalcılar, Z., & Kuru, O. (2025) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-024-01032-2
“Previous studies have shown how conspiracy beliefs influence the behaviors and intentions of individuals towards vaccines (Bertin et al. 2020; Freeman et al. 2020; Teovanović et al. 2021) and climate change (Jolley and Douglas 2014b; van der Linden 2015 ).”
Firsova-Eckert, E., Verwiebe, N., & Lange, D. (2024) · Bürgerbewusstsein · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-46115-7_1
Velinskiy, I. (2025) · The Cognitive Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.53841/bpscog.2025.1.10.24
Martín, C. M., & Sánchez, D. M. (2025) · Revista de Comunicación · doi:10.26441/rc24.1-2025-3723
“The public perception of climate change is also a subject linked to communication practices that has attracted the attention of the research community (van der Linden, 2015a; 2015b).”
Conspiracy Theory Communication and Its Effects
Uscinski, J. E., & Landrum, A. R. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197689875.013.0015
Do Conspiracy Theories Undermine Support for Democracy? Experimental Evidence from BrazilPreprint
Amaral, M., Borba, L., Lessa, E., Lira, V., & Pavão, N. D. C. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5352897
Uscinski, J. E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.002.0005
Uscinski, J. E. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190844073.002.0003
Duindam, H. M., Asscher, J. J., & Lösel, F. A. (2025) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10610-025-09634-z
“This does not negate the negative impact conspiracy belief and misinformation exposure can have (e.g., Jolley & Douglas, 2014; Van der Linden, 2015).”
Dinnick, I., & Jolley, D. (2024) · doi:10.64628/aak.wgnqtgc7p
Why might people believe in human-made hurricanes? Two conspiracy theory psychologists explain
Dinnick, I., & Jolley, D. (2024) · doi:10.64628/ab.guh34tfc6
10 ways to spot online misinformation
Sinclair, H. (2020) · doi:10.64628/aai.ah7yp4d5g
First Year CS Students Exploring Implications of Social Media Recommendation Algorithms
Apiola, M. (2025) · International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics · doi:10.1109/mipro65660.2025.11131972
Matthes, J., Neureiter, A., Kirchmair, T., Ahmad, M., Binder, A., Brandstetter, C., Chuenterawong, P., & Jang, J.-W. (2025) · Online Media and Global Communication · doi:10.1515/omgc-2025-0037
The Climate-Health Communication Gap: Connecting the Dots to Drive Climate Health Action
Smith, R., Chen, K., Winner, D., & Friedhoff, S. (2025) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2025.2576158
“…planet – the health of children generally appeals to what people care about – but it also makes the impacts more proximal, which reduces psychological distance, an important factor in fostering climate beliefs and behavior (Lorenzoni et al., 2007; Maibach et al., 2011; Van der Linden et al., 2015).”
Associative Learning in a Conspiratorial Frame
Kelly, T., Hattersley, M., & Ludvig, E. A. (2025) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218251396472
“Endorsement of conspiracy theories is a widespread, growing phenomenon that has been linked with troubling societal outcomes (Jane & Flemming, 2014; Jolley & Douglas, 2014a, 2014b; Lewandowsky et al., 2013; van der Linden, 2015).”
The spread of mind: psychological contagion in theory and critique
Houran, J., Dagnall, N., Sapkota, R. P., & Lange, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1631927 · Cited by 5
Garzoni, D. L. C., & Natividade, J. C. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5852468
“Am I My Fellow Citizens’ Keeper?” Distrust, Democratic Backsliding, and Conspiracy Theories
Dumitru, A. C. (2025) · Constellations · doi:10.1111/1467-8675.70030
Mohamed, A. E. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3341797
van der Linden, S. (2025) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.120930
Self-citationDéveloppement et validation d’une mesure des croyances conspirationnistes en santé publique
Ngueutsa, R., Messanga, G., Boua, M., Tchagnéno, C., Etoundi, J., Wassouo, E., Kubiszewski, V., & Lheureux, F. (2025) · Pratiques Psychologiques · doi:10.1016/j.prps.2025.09.003
KARAKAŞ, H. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12733-4_9
How to Build an Intention to Reduce Consumption? The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy
Wanat, T., Borusiak, B., Pierański, B., Mollá-Bauza, M. M. B., & Martínez, L. M.-C. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18021016
Do Conspiracy Theories Undermine Support for Democracy?
Amaral, M., Borba, L., Lira, V., Lessa, E., & Pavão, N. D. C. (2026) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-026-10130-1
Quantifying the impact of Skeptical Science rebuttals in reducing climate misperceptions
Cook, J., Winkler, B., Maessen, C. J. H. M., Lubitz, T., Bostrom, D., & Nuccitelli, D. (2026) · Geoscience Communication · doi:10.5194/gc-9-145-2026
“One study found that when people were exposed to a conspiracy theory about global warming, they were less likely to sign a petition in support of measures to reduce global warming and less likely to donate to a charity (van der Linden, 2015) .”
Unequal participation: How low socioeconomic status hinders political engagement
Furst, R., Vieites, Y., & Andretti, B. (2026) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104922 · Cited by 1
Béna, J. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8ffdae66zf9c1z415czbf5fz376a9c3f27ee
Miculka, A., & Imhoff, R. (2026) · International Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.5334/irsp.1102 · Cited by 1
Delouvée, S., Malié, C., Pantazi, M., & Gkinopoulos, T. (2026) · Recherches en éducation · doi:10.4000/163jg
Arlt, D., & Schumann, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2026.1782842
Nobody Knows Better: Examining the Link Between Overconfidence and Conspiracy Beliefs
Wang, H., & van Prooijen, J. (2026) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.70202
Identifying Flawed Reasoning in Contrarian Claims about Climate Change
Flack, R., Cook, J., Ellerton, P. J., Kinkead, D., Coan, T., Boussalis, C., Nanko, M. O., Gallant, A., & Dargaville, R. (2026) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2026.2663476
Are conspiracy beliefs negatively associated with generosity?
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Laurent, V., Rusinek, S., & Kosinski, T. (2026) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941261464066
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Fortuna, A. M. D., Picione, R. D. L., & Tateo, L. (2026) · Theory and history in the human and social sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26797-9_4
van der Velden, P. G., van Dam, A., van Eerten, J.-J., & Grootens, K. P. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353935
Zhang, B. (2026) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1080/03623319.2026.2742243
YouTube and the Monetization of Far-Right Socio-Environmental Conspiracy Theories in Brazil
Salles, D., Santini, M., & Loureiro, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77500-0_69-1
Metadata
- Authors
- van der Linden, S.
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 87
- Pages
- 171-173
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1199131209
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 82.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Keywords
- conspiracy theories, global warming, climate change skepticism, prosocial behavior, environmental decision-making, charitable giving, petition signing, climate change denial
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