Cited by 109Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

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Mindfulness facets distinctively predict depressive symptoms after two years: The mediating role of rumination

Petrocchi, Nicola, Ottaviani, Cristina·2016·Personality and Individual Differences

DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.017

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Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Health: a Systematic Review
Tomlinson, E. R., Yousaf, O., Vittersø, A. D., & Jones, L. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0762-6 · Cited by 560
“2008), and studies suggest DM protects against rumination (Petrocchi and Ottaviani 2016).”
BackgroundInfluential
The relationship between trait mindfulness and affective symptoms: A meta-analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Carpenter, J. K., Conroy, K., Gomez, A. F., Curren, L. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101785 · Cited by 342
Associations Between Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: the Key Role of Describing and Nonreactivity
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The Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire: Why the Observing Subscale Does Not Predict Psychological Symptoms
Rudkin, E., Medvedev, O. N., & Siegert, R. J. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0766-2 · Cited by 96
Brief mindfulness-based training and mindfulness trait attenuate psychological stress in university students: a randomized controlled trial
de Sousa, G. M., de Lima-Araujo, G. L., de Araújo, D. B., & de Sousa, M. B. C. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00520-x · Cited by 125
“Additionally, high trait mindfulness has a protective function against rumination and depressive symptoms [52, 53].”
Background
Investigating Unique Contributions of Dispositional Mindfulness Facets to Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in General and Student Populations
Medvedev, O. N., Norden, P. A., Krägeloh, C. U., & Siegert, R. J. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0917-0 · Cited by 88
Does Mindfulness Enhance Critical Thinking? Evidence for the Mediating Effects of Executive Functioning in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Critical Thinking
Noone, C., Bunting, B. P., & Hogan, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02043 · Cited by 107
Network Analysis of Mindfulness Facets, Affect, Compassion, and Distress
Medvedev, O. N., Cervin, M., Barcaccia, B., Siegert, R. J., Roemer, A., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01555-8 · Cited by 88
Untitled work
Liu (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.031 · Cited by 76
Mechanisms of Mindfulness in the General Population
Burzler, M. A., Voracek, M., Hos, M., & Tran, U. S. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0988-y · Cited by 84
“Previous longitudinal research showed that rumination mediates the effects of mindfulness on depressive symptoms (Petrocchi and Ottaviani 2016; Royuela-Colomer and Calvete 2016).”
Background
Trait mindfulness is negatively associated with distress related to COVID-19
Dillard, A. J., & Meier, B. P. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110955 · Cited by 71
“…coping strategies like acceptance and less likely to engage in unhealthy strategies like rumination (de Vibe et al., 2018; Palmer & Rodger, 2009; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016; Sriwilai & Charoensukmongkol, 2016; Thompson, Arnkoff, & Glass, 2011; Tomlinson et al., 2018; Weinstein et al., 2009).”
The more you judge the worse you feel. A judgemental attitude towards one's inner experience predicts depression and anxiety
Barcaccia, B., Baiocco, R., Pozza, A., Pallini, S., Mancini, F., & Salvati, M. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.012 · Cited by 63
Happy Thoughts: Mind Wandering Affects Mood in Daily Life
Welz, A., Reinhard, I., Alpers, G. W., & Kuehner, C. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0778-y · Cited by 63
Dispositional Mindfulness and Its Moderating Role in the Predictive Association Between Stressors and Psychological Symptoms in Adolescents
Cortazar, N., & Calvete, E. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01175-x · Cited by 50
Mindfulness, rumination and post-traumatic growth in a Chinese cancer sample
An, L., & Ma, T. (2019) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2019.1612079 · Cited by 54
“It has been considered as an important factor of depressive moods and is associated with severe and long periods of depression (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016).”
Background
Relationship Between Mindfulness, Psychopathological Symptoms, and Academic Performance in University Students
Vorontsova-Wenger, O., Ghisletta, P., Ababkov, V., & Barisnikov, K. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119899906 · Cited by 47
Self-critical perfectionism and lower mindfulness and self-compassion predict anxious and depressive symptoms over two years
Tobin, R., & Dunkley, D. M. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103780 · Cited by 48
Dispositional Mindfulness Mediates the Relationship Between Sensory-Processing Sensitivity and Trait Anxiety, Well-Being, and Psychosomatic Symptoms
Takahashi, T., Kawashima, I., Nitta, Y., & Kumano, H. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119841848 · Cited by 55
“…concerning psychosomatic symptoms is consistent with the fact that nonjudging and acting with awareness showed a slightly stronger negative correlation with rumination than other facets (Alleva, Roelofs, Voncken, Meevissen, & Alberts, 2014; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016; Short & Mazmanian, 2013).”
Background
Specific mindfulness traits protect against negative effects of trait anxiety on medical student wellbeing during high-pressure periods
Fino, E., Martoni, M., & Russo, P. M. (2021) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-021-10039-w · Cited by 46
“…related with anxiety and depression (Alleva et al., 2014; Barnes & Lynn, 2010; Barnhofer et al., 2011; Cash & Whittingham, 2010; Desrosiers et al., 2013; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016; Raphiphatthana et al., 2016), while, contrasting findings have been reported on facets such as Observing, most…”
Result
Mindfulness and anxiety among university students: Moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation
Malik, S., & Perveen, A. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01906-1 · Cited by 47
Does Rumination Function as a Longitudinal Mediator Between Mindfulness and Depression?
Jury, T. K., & Jose, P. E. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1031-z · Cited by 42
“This result is consistent with previous findings (Desrosiers et al. 2013b; Petrocchi and Ottaviani 2016) obtained in concurrent or two time-point studies.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Are mindful people less aggressive? The role of emotion regulation in the relations between mindfulness and aggression
Kim, E., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., & Barlett, C. P. (2022) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.22036 · Cited by 52
“Moreover, observing was not related to any other facets of FFMQ in some studies (e.g., Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016), suggesting that the observing facet in FFMQ may have poor convergent validity (Goldberg et al., 2016).”
Background
Psychometric Evaluation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in a Clinical Sample of African Americans
Watson-Singleton, N. N., Walker, J. H., LoParo, D., Mack, S. A., & Kaslow, N. J. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0776-0 · Cited by 37
Mindfulness as a Protective Factor Against Depression, Anxiety and Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Emotion Regulation and Insomnia Symptoms as Mediators
Mamede, A., Merkelbach, I., Noordzij, G., & Denktaş, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820959 · Cited by 45
The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on risk and protective factors of depressive relapse – a randomized wait-list controlled trial
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Predictive Associations of Dispositional Mindfulness Facets with Anxiety and Depression: a Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Prieto-Fidalgo, Á., Gómez-Odriozola, J., Royuela-Colomer, E., Orue, I., Fernández‐González, L., Oñate, L., Cortázar, N., Castillo, I. I., & Calvete, E. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01756-9 · Cited by 38
Transdiagnostic factors in symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress: a systematic review
Hernández-Posadas, A., Lommen, M. J. J., la Rosa-Gómez, A. D., Bouman, T. K., Díaz, J. M. M., & del Palacio‐González, A. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04792-x · Cited by 41
“…between maladaptive perfectionisms (De Rosa et al., 2021), gratitude (Liang et al., 2020), non-judge mindfulness component (two years after) (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016), emotional clarity (Vine & Marroquin, 2017), overgeneral autobiographical memory (Liu et al., 2017), and negative affect…”
Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders
Pruessner, L., Timm, C., Kalmar, J., Bents, H., Barnow, S., & Mander, J. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/9081139 · Cited by 37
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness Mobile Application for Ruminative Adolescents
Hilt, L. M., Swords, C. M., & Webb, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2022.2158840 · Cited by 30
“Studies that have examined specific aspects of mindfulness suggest that the nonjudgment facet, in particular, may be uniquely inversely associated with rumination (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016; Thompson et al., 2019).”
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the management of depressive disorder: Systematic review
Argungu, Z. M., Soh, K. L., Mukhtar, F., Yan, S. K., Olalekan, O. T., & Soh, K. G. (2020) · International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100200 · Cited by 30
Longitudinal Bidirectional Associations Between Dispositional Mindfulness, Maladaptive Schemas, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
Gómez-Odriozola, J., & Calvete, E. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01402-w · Cited by 29
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
Cheung, R. Y. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_63-2 · Cited by 29
Perspectives on resilience: Trait resilience, correlates of resilience in daily life, and longer‐term change in affective distress
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Dispositional mindfulness predicting psychological adjustment among college students: the role of rumination and gender
Kingery, J. N., Bodenlos, J. S., Schneider, T. I., Peltz, J. S., & Sindoni, M. W. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1943411 · Cited by 25
Mechanisms of Mindfulness: A Longitudinal Study of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program
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“Nonjudging has been identified as a strong predictor of depression longitudinally over 2 years, even beyond the influence of other mindfulness facets and rumination (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016).”
The mediating role of boredom proneness and the moderating role of meaning in life in the relationship between mindfulness and depressive symptoms
Yang, X., Fan, C., Liu, Q., Lian, S.-L., Cao, M., & Zhou, Z. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00408-5 · Cited by 24
Loneliness and Pain Catastrophizing Among Individuals with Chronic Pain: The Mediating Role of Depression
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“However, we demonstrated the temporal ordering of the independent variable (loneliness) and mediator (depression) by assessing the mediator at T2 instead of T1, which is a common approach when only having access to two time points of data.(51,52)”
Background
Factors associated with relapse and recurrence of major depressive disorder in patients starting mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy
de Klerk-Sluis, J. M., Huijbers, M., Löcke, S., Spijker, J., Spinhoven, P., Speckens, A., & Ruhé, H. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23220 · Cited by 19
Evaluating the Indirect Effects of Trait Mindfulness Facets on State Tripartite Components Through State Rumination and State Experiential Avoidance
Parsons, E. M., Dreyer-Oren, S. E., Magee, J. C., & Clerkin, E. M. (2019) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000993 · Cited by 19
Trait mindfulness is primarily associated with depression and not with fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS): implications for mindfulness-based interventions
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“This is in line with previous findings where a nonjudgmental attitude has been associated with less depressive rumination and depression itself [44, 45].”
Result
Mindfulness in everyday life: between- and within-person relationships to motivational conflicts
Senker, K., Fries, S., & Grund, A. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00760-x · Cited by 17
Trait Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation upon Autobiographical Memory Retrieval during Depression Remission
Isham, A. E., del Palacio-Gonzalez, A., & Dritschel, B. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01494-4 · Cited by 16
Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Mediating Roles of Rumination and Negative Emotion
Lam, A. H. Y., Cheung, Y. T. D., Wong, K. H., Leung, S. F., & Chien, W. T. (2022) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s338133 · Cited by 13
“Drawing from this framework, rumination might serve as an important mechanism underpinning the association between DM and negative emotions.(29,32,40) Current evidence suggests that mindfulness practice, which cultivates both state and dispositional mindfulness in people with SSDs, could improve emotional and psychoti…”
Method
Dispositional mindfulness and mental health in Chinese emerging adults: A multilevel model with emotion dysregulation as a mediator
Cheung, R. Y. M., Ke, Z., & Ng, M. C. Y. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239575 · Cited by 18
“between mindfulness and mental health, recent studies have identified several mediating mechanisms, including greater self-esteem [7], greater positive affect, hope, and optimism [8], lower rumination [9], and greater emotion regulation [10, 11], thereby suggesting possible chains of processes between mindfulness and…”
Background
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
Cheung, R. Y. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_63-1 · Cited by 14
The Moderating Effects of Rumination Facets on the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Distress Reduction
Conley, S. L., Faleer, H. E., Raza, G. T., Bailey, B. E., & Wu, K. D. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9896-7 · Cited by 14
“In fact, adapting a stance of nonjudgmental awareness has been shown to have long-term benefits, including a reduction in depressive symptoms and relapse rates via rumination changes (Hvengaard et al. 2015; Petrocchi and Ottaviani 2016; Schut and Bolen 2017).”
Background
Trait mindfulness, emotion dysregulation, and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis
Duraney, E. J., Schirda, B., Nicholas, J. A., & Prakash, R. S. (2022) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103651 · Cited by 13
Conceptualizing Mindfulness Using Construal Level Theory: A Two-Dimensional Model
Bigman, N., & Yovel, I. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02429-z · Cited by 12
“Similarly, several additional studies indicated that the other four FFMQ facets consistently correlated with each other, but not with Observing (Goldberg et al., 2016; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016; Sieg-ling & Petrides, 2016).”
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
Cheung, R. Y. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47219-0_63 · Cited by 10
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Ruminative Thoughts, Perceived Stress and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation of Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Tabadkan, B. B. Z. R., Jajarmi, M., & Vakili, Y. (2019) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.370 · Cited by 12
Facing Obstacles with Equanimity: Trait Equanimity Attenuates the Positive Relations Between Values Obstruction and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress
Smyth, A. P. J., Juneau, C., Hong, S., Ilagan, M. J., & Knaüper, B. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02338-1 · Cited by 10
“…of mindfulness that are often weakly correlated or uncorrelated (e.g. Ford et al., 2018) and several researchers have high-lighted the questionable psychometric properties of various subscales (e.g. the Observe subscale; Barnes & Lynn, 2010; de Bruin et al., 2012; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016).”
Refinement and Validation of the Balanced Inventory of Mindfulness-Related Skills (BIMS)
Padmanabham, S. S., Bilgrami, Z. R., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., & Dam, N. T. V. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01590-5 · Cited by 10
A Network Investigation of Core Mindfulness Processes
Sala, M., Aslan, M., Gueorguieva, R. V., Schupak, M., & Garrison, K. A. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02109-4 · Cited by 10
“Nevertheless, our finding is interesting and related to other non-network (e.g., Medvedev et al., 2018; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016) and network studies (e.g., Barcaccia et al.”
Result
Dissociable Associations of Facets of Mindfulness with Worry, Rumination, and Transdiagnostic Perseverative Thought
Thompson, J. S., Jamal-Orozco, N., & Hallion, L. S. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01747-w · Cited by 12
“Similar findings have been found for rumination, which has been linked to lower levels of nonjudgment and acting with awareness (Kearns et al., 2016; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016).”
Result
Dispositional mindfulness is associated with less cognitive fusion and better effortful control in young people: The mediating role of repetitive negative thinking
Vargas-Nieto, J. C., Montorio, I., Gantiva, C., Froufe, M., Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, B., Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, M., Universidad de los Andes, B., & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, M. (2022) · Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.14349/rlp.2022.v54.23 · Cited by 8
Examining the Relationship Between Trait Rumination and Mindfulness Across Development and Risk Status
Swords, C. M., & Hilt, L. M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01654-0 · Cited by 10
Confirming Profiles of Comorbid Psychological Symptoms in Urban Youth: Exploring Gender Differences and Trait Mindfulness
Webb, L., Sibinga, E. M., Musci, R. J., Clary, L. K., & Mendelson, T. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01509-w · Cited by 9
Healthcare Students’ Anxiety, Cognitive Load, and Trait-mindfulness during Interprofessional obstetric Simulation Training
Takhdat, K., Rebahi, H., Eddabbah, M., Fadely, A. E., Lamtali, S., & Adib, A. R. E. (2024) · Simulation & Gaming · doi:10.1177/10468781231222312 · Cited by 9
“In the same line, it has been suggested that trait-mindfulness prevents rumination (as distractive non-relevant information) and promotes attention control and cognitive engagement (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016).”
Background
Childhood maltreatment, mindfulness, and the mediating role of rumination in college students
Fox, S. W., Morgan, V. R., Strait, G. G., Strait, J. E., & Ranton, K. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07033-x · Cited by 7
“…and psychological outcomes such as depression and negative affect (e.g., Coffey and Hartman 2008; Desrosiers et al., 2013; Jury & Jose, 2019; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016), though studies are limited and findings have been mixed (e.g., Kearns et al., 2016; Royuela-Colomer & Calvete, 2016).”
The Beneficial Role of Mindfulness Facets in Relatives of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Oñate, L., & Calvete, E. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01140-8 · Cited by 9
Psychological Flexibility, Mindfulness and Perceived Social Support as Predictors of Psychological Symptoms among Nursing Faculty Students at Mansoura University
Taha, S. M., & Elhay, E. S. A. (2022) · Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal · doi:10.21608/asnj.2022.112602.1287 · Cited by 7
“Describe failed to demonstrate a significant relationship between depressive symptoms during the semester (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016).”
Background
An Exploratory Study: Profiles of Trait Mindfulness and Associations with Intrinsic Motivation and Affective Exercise Experiences
Liu, J., Ullrich-French, S. C., Qiu, Y., & Mao, Z. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02255-9 · Cited by 6
“Previous evidence, not in exercise, has suggested that non-judgment is a key element that affects individuals’ psychological experiences (e.g., Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016).”
Influence of anxiety sensitivity on the observe facet of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire: differential item functioning in a clinical population
Moskow, D. M., Curtiss, J. E., Carpenter, J. K., Ito, M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06488-x · Cited by 7
“Several studies have investigated the incremental validity of each facet of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) [9]- one of the most widely utilized mindfulness ques- tionnaires-in predicting anxiety, depression and stress [10, 11].”
Development and Initial Validation of the State Four Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Raynes, S., & Dobkins, K. R. (2025) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911251330092 · Cited by 5
“…predict a given dependent variable, and only a multidimensional measure can elucidate these differential relationships (e.g., see Medvedev et al., 2018; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016; Prieto-Fidalgo et al., 2021 for articles that found selective predictive power of the different trait-FFMQ facets).”
Nonjudgment Mediates the Effect of a Brief Smartphone-Delivered Mindfulness Intervention on Rumination in a Randomized Controlled Trial with Adolescents
Hilt, L. M., Swords, C. M., Austria, N., Webb, C. A., Wahl, J., & Eklund, L. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02363-0 · Cited by 5
“Many previous studies examining mindfulness facets and rumination have been correlational or have included two time points (e.g., Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016; Swords & Hilt, 2021; Thompson et al., 2022).”
Do mindfulness traits prevent worsening of rumination？
Matsumoto, N., & Mochizuki, S. (2018) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.25.2_27 · Cited by 4
“…Human Sciences， University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‒8577, Japan (e-mail: nobirum@gmail.com) 1 本研究は日本学術振興会特別研究員奨励費（14J00543）の援助を受けた。 2 本論文は，反すうのメカニズムを検討する広範な研究の，一部の成果をまとめたものである。質問紙調査時には，本論文で使用した尺度の他に，反すうに対するポジティブなメタ信念尺度（PBRS; Papageorgiou & Wells, 2003）および反すうに対するネガティブなメタ信念尺度（NBRS;…”
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Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies as the Mediators in the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms
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The effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on primary school students’ symptoms of inattention, depression, and anxiety: A moderated mediation examinationPreprint
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The Longitudinal Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and psychological distress in Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis
Zhu, H., Zeng, J., Liu, L., & Gong, J. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02683-9 · Cited by 2
“Longitudinal evidence suggests that Acting with Awareness is the strongest protective factor against depression (Calvete et al., 2019), followed by Non-Judging (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016) and Non-React-ing (Royuela-Colomer & Calvete, 2016).”
The importance of time perspective in media multitasking behavior
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Liberali, R. (2017) · Fisioterapia em Movimento · doi:10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ar03 · Cited by 2
“Petrocchi N, Ottaviani C. Mindfulness facets distinctively predict depressive symptoms after two years: The mediating role of rumination.”
Background
The Association Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use via Emotional Psychopathology and Coping Motives in Argentinian College Students
Pilatti, A., Correa, P., Michelini, Y., Bravo, A. J., Pacini, G., & Pautassi, R. M. (2024) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2024.2370026 · Cited by 1
“…observed in our study is consistent with a longitudinal study showing that this mindfulness facet was the only mindfulness facet to be significantly and prospectively associated with depressive symptoms (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016) or with drinking to cope with depression (Wisener & Khoury, 2022).”
Does Negative Judgment of Emotion Influence Mood and Rumination? Testing the Impact of a Judgment Induction Procedure
Moshier, S. J., Solares, M. V., & Jamieson, K. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10603-3 · Cited by 1
“Additionally, at least one study has found that the association between trait judgment of inner experience and later depression was mediated by rumination (Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2016 ), although another study did not find sup - port for this mediation path (Kearns et al., 2016).”
Sequential influences of emotion regulation and rumination in trait mindfulness-depression relationships
Maruthy, G. B., Himes, L. M., Hubbard, N. A., Spence, J. S., & Bart Rypma, A. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122331 · Cited by 1
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“Although previous studies found a negative association between mindfulness and RNT [69], findings have been mixed.”
Does rumination function as a longitudinal mediator between mindfulness and depressive symptoms?
Jury, T. (2018) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17068091 · Cited by 1
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Memory Bias for Anxiety Prior to Academic Achievement Situations: Influences of Time, Mood, Personality and Post-Event-Processing
Humanwissenschaften, F. (2016)
Gaining perspective: Evaluating links between mindfulness, temporal perspective, and subjective trajectories for life satisfaction
Samani, M. N. (2017) · Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)
Mindfulness-based therapies for rumination
Borders, A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812545-8.00011-5
Examining the Association Between Trait Mindfulness and How Positively an Exercise Bout Is Remembered
Geary, B. A. (2020) · SMU Scholar (Southern Methodist University)
Are mindful people less aggressive? The role of emotion regulation in the relations between mindfulness and aggression
Kim, E. (2021) · doi:10.31274/etd-20210609-90
Refinement and Validation of the Balanced Inventory of Mindfulness-related Skills (BIMS)Preprint
Padmanabham, S. S., Bilgrami, Z. R., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., & Dam, N. T. V. (2020) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/qt8vn
BİLİNÇLİ FARKINDALIK, MESLEKİ BAĞLILIK VE RUMİNATİF DÜŞÜNME İLİŞKİSİ: TURİZM REHBERLİĞİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA (RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MINDFULNESS, PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT AND RUMINATIVE THINKING: A STUDY FOR TOURISM GUIDANCE STUDENTS)
BAŞODA, A., & Dönmez, F. G. (2022) · Journal of Gastronomy Hospitality and Travel (joghat) · doi:10.33083/joghat.2022.190
Does rumination function as a longitudinal mediator between mindfulness and depressive symptoms?
Jury, T. (2018) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17068091.v1
Studi Meta-analisis: Welas Diri dan Kecemasan
Polii, C. F., & Yudiarso, A. (2023) · Jurnal Psikologi Integratif · doi:10.14421/jpsi.v11i1.2736
The Factorial Structure of the Anhedonia List and its mediating role between Mindfulness and both Anxiety and Depression among University Students
Abouzaid, A. M. G., & Abdelhamid, H. G. (2023) · Sohag University International Journal of Educational Research (SUIJER) /Sohag University International Journal of Educational Research (SUIJER) · doi:10.21608/suijer.2023.305894 · Cited by 1
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الله, م. خ. م. ع. (2023) · مجلة جامعة الفيوم للعلوم التربوية والنفسية · doi:10.21608/jfust.2023.310530
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أدبيات انعدام التلذذ في الاضطرابات النفسية (نحو مدخل علاجي جديد "خفض انعدام التلذذ القائم على اليقظة العقلية) بحث نظري
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Health Informatics Associations Between Mindfulness Traits and Health Outcomes in Veterans with Chronic Multi-symptom Illness
Samuel, I. B. H., Lu, C., Chun, T. J., Allen, N. J., Crock, L., Jaquess, K. J., Dutton, M. A., Reinhard, M. J., & Costanzo, M. E. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61572-6_14
Effects of Trait Mindfulness on Sleep Quality of “Chinese People’s Armed Police” Personnel: Studies Based on Chain-Mediation Model and Cross-Lagged Regression
Wang, J., Chen, N., Chen, H., Liu, G., & Chen, X. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02554-3
“First, as two theoretically opposed constructs, trait mindfulness and rumination were significantly negatively correlated, consistent with previous studies (Borders et al., 2009; Petrocchi & Ottaviani, 2015; Raes & Williams, 2010).”
Mapping Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Repetitive Negative Thinking Among Non‐Western Undergraduate Students: A Network Analysis
Yan, K., Ikani, N., Yusainy, C., Guineau, M. G., Witteman, C. L. M., & Spijker, J. (2025) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.70043 · Cited by 1
“In contrast to neuroticism, mindful awareness is coined as a trait that may serve to protect against the effects of prolonged stress, anxiety, depression, and RNT (i.e., Petrocchi and Ottaviani 2016; Polizzi et al. 2018; Raes and Williams 2010; Vargas-Nieto et al. 2022).”

Authors: Petrocchi, N., & Ottaviani, C.
Affiliations: Fondazione Santa Lucia (IT)
Corresponding author: Petrocchi, Nicola
ORCID: Petrocchi, Nicola
Ottaviani, Cristina
Venue: Personality and Individual Differences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-04
Volume: 93
Pages: 92-96
ISSN: 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.017
OpenAlex: W1120575229
Cited by: 109
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 8.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: mindfulness facets, depressive symptoms, rumination, non-judgment, trait mindfulness, depressive rumination, mediation, protective factors, well-being, mindfulness training

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