Does Rumination Function as a Longitudinal Mediator Between Mindfulness and Depression?
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The present-moment focus and non-evaluative attitude inherent in mindfulness are antithetical to the abstract self-critical thinking characteristic of rumination.
“the present-moment focus and the non-evaluative attitude inherent in mindfulness are antithetical to the abstract self-critical thinking characteristic of rumination [33, 65–69].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [65]
The observed role of rumination corroborates existing literature identifying repetitive and passive focus on distress as fundamental in perpetuating and worsening depressive symptoms.
“The observed role of rumination corroborates existing literature, which identifies the characteristic repetitive and passive focus on distress symptoms, alongside their potential causes and consequences, as a fundamental element in perpetuating and worsening depressive symptoms [58, 65, 66, 69].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [65]
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 36,049 · see citing works
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS
Field, A. P., & Miles, J. N. V. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 28,268 · see citing works
Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5 · Cited by 16,280 · see citing works
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · see citing works
Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/109442810031002 · Cited by 7,997 · see citing works
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 22× · see citing works
“The three measures that were used in the current study are as follows: the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et al. 2006), a shortened version of the ruminative response subscale from the Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ; Nolen-Hoeksema et al. 1993), and the Beck Depression…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review
Baer, R. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg015 · Cited by 4,577 · see citing works
Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569 · Cited by 4,529 · see citing works
The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta analytic review
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018555 · Cited by 3,846 · see citing works
(2005) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,197 · see citing works
The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.3.504 · Cited by 2,998 · see citing works
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191107313003 · Cited by 2,930 · see citing works
Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life
Kwee, M. G. T. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)90133-7 · Cited by 2,900 · see citing works
Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,687 · see citing works
Reading and understanding multivariate statistics
Grimm, L. G., & Yarnold, P. R. (1995) · Cited by 2,235 · see citing works
Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode
Bromet, E., Andrade, L. H., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Demyttenaere, K., Hu, C., Iwata, N., et al. (2011) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-90 · Cited by 2,221 · see citing works
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_179754 · Cited by 2,095 · see citing works
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students
Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E., & Bonner, G. (1998) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1018700829825 · Cited by 1,493 · see citing works
Clinical psychology: Science and practice.
Kazdin, A. E. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1994.tb00001.x · Cited by 1,361 · see citing works
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z., & Williams, J. M. G. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)e0011-7 · Cited by 1,349 · see citing works
Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.20 · Cited by 1,212 · see citing works
(1995) · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Andrade, L., Caraveo‐anduaga, J. J., Berglund, P., Bijl, R. V., Graaf, R. D., Vollebergh, W., Dragomirecka, E., Kohn, R., Keller, M., Kessler, R. C., et al. (2003) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.138 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbauch, J. (1961) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t00741-000 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Muthén, B., & Curran, P. J. (1997) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.2.4.371 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect
Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect.
Morrow, J., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.58.3.519 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression.
Spasojevic, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2001) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.25 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Ramel1, W., Goldin, P. R., Carmona, P. E., & McQuaid, J. R. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/b:cotr.0000045557.15923.96 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Byrne, B. M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2010) · International Journal of Testing · doi:10.1080/15305051003637306 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Raes, F. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.023 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Neural correlates of rumination in depression
Cooney, R. E., Joormann, J., Eugène, F., Dennis, E. L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.10.4.470 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Arbuckle, J. (2008) · DSpace Biblioteca Universidad de Talca (Universidad de Talca) · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Doing Statistical Mediation and Moderation
Jose, P. E. (2013) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Self-citationThe association between rumination and negative affect: A review
Kirkegaard Thomsen, D. (2006) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930500473533 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study
Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22124 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0023-4 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based stress reduction and attentional control
Anderson, N. D., Lau, M. A., Segal, Z. V., & Bishop, S. R. (2007) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.544 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination?
Borders, A., Earleywine, M., & Jajodia, A. (2009) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20327 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for residual depressive symptoms
Kingston, T., Dooley, B. A., Bates, A., Lawlor, E., & Malone, K. M. (2006) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608306x116016 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Bränström, R., Duncan, L. G., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2011) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910710x501683 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Deyo, M., Wilson, K. A., Ong, J., & Koopman, C. (2009) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2009.06.005 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The Consequences of Dysphoric Rumination
Lyubomirsky, S., & Tkach, C. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470713853.ch2 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Psychological and neural mechanisms of trait mindfulness in reducing depression vulnerability
Paul, N. A., Stanton, S. J., Greeson, J. M., Smoski, M. J., & Wang, L. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss070 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
The Relationship between Mindfulness and Uncontrollability of Ruminative Thinking
Raes, F., & Williams, J. M. G. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0021-6 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The Merits of Using Longitudinal Mediation
Jose, P. E. (2016) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2016.1207175 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationMapping Mindfulness Facets Onto Dimensions of Anxiety and Depression
Desrosiers, A., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.02.001 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relation between neuroticism and depressive symptoms
Barnhofer, T., Duggan, D. S., & Griffith, J. W. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.07.032 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Changes in Ruminative Thinking Mediate the Clinical Benefits of Mindfulness: Preliminary Findings
Heeren, A., & Philippot, P. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0037-y · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Petrocchi, N., & Ottaviani, C. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.017 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Pros and cons of a wandering mind: a prospective study
Ottaviani, C., & Couyoumdjian, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00524 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Mindfulness Facets and Depression in Adolescents: Rumination as a Mediator
Royuela-Colomer, E., & Calvete, E. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0547-3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Labelle, L. E., Campbell, T. S., & Carlson, L. E. (2010) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0005-6 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Raphiphatthana, B., Jose, P. E., & Kielpikowski, M. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.005 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationRumination, Mindfulness, and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms
Selby, E. A., Fehling, K. B., Panza, E. A., & Kranzler, A. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0432-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Does rumination mediate the relationship between mindfulness and depressive relapse?
Kearns, N. P., Shawyer, F., Brooker, J. E., Graham, A. L., Enticott, J. C., Martin, P. R., & Meadows, G. N. (2016) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12064 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gandy, S., Forstmann, M., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Timmermann, C., Luke, D. P., & Watts, R. (2020) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102920978123 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ye, J., Jia, X., Zhang, J., & Guo, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987537 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Liu, C., Liu, Z., & Yuan, G. F. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320934158 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Tumminia, M. J., Colaianne, B. A., Roeser, R. W., & Galla, B. M. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01238-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Royuela-Colomer, E., Fernández‐González, L., & Orue, I. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01476-2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Ho, R. Y. F., Zhang, D., Chan, S. K. C., Gao, T. T., Lee, E. K. P., Lo, H. H. M., Yeung, P. W. H. A., Lai, K. Y. C., Bögels, S. M., de Bruin, E. I., et al. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04729-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Prieto-Fidalgo, Á., Gómez-Odriozola, J., Royuela-Colomer, E., Orue, I., Fernández‐González, L., Oñate, L., Cortázar, N., Castillo, I. I., & Calvete, E. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01756-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Pruessner, L., Timm, C., Kalmar, J., Bents, H., Barnow, S., & Mander, J. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/9081139 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“By contrast, the present-moment focus and the non-evaluative attitude inherent in mindfulness are antithetical to the abstract self-critical thinking characteristic of rumination [33, 65 – 69].”
BackgroundGómez-Odriozola, J., & Calvete, E. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01402-w · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mindfulness, mood, and food: The mediating role of positive affect
Hsu, T., & Forestell, C. A. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.105001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kingery, J. N., Bodenlos, J. S., Schneider, T. I., Peltz, J. S., & Sindoni, M. W. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1943411 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Beshai, S., Mishra, S., Feeney, J. R., Summerfield, T., Hembroff, C. C., & Krätzig, G. P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19105926 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dolbier, C. L., Haley, E. N., Conder, L., & Guiler, W. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.06.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Daily Mindfulness Is Associated With Recovery Processes Among Coaches—A 4-Week Diary Study
Pawsey, F., Wong, J. H. K., Kenttä, G., & Näswall, K. (2021) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2020-0045 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Dark-Freudeman, A., Jones, C., & Terry, C. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1845180 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gómez-Odriozola, J., & Calvete, E. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110966 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kalmbach, D. A., Cheng, P., Ong, J. C., Reffi, A. N., Fresco, D. M., Fellman-Couture, C., Ruprich, M. K., Sultan, Z., Sagong, C., & Drake, C. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2023.1072752 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Jose, P. E., & Geiserman, A. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04999-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“A previous report by one of the current authors (Jury & Jose, 2019 ) established that the FFMQ exhibited temporal invariance in the same dataset as exam - ined here.”
Self-citationCalvete, E., Franco, M. A. R., Oñate, L., Sánchez‐Izquierdo, M., & Toro, L. B. (2021) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.5093/clysa2021a5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
How Daily Mindfulness Predicts Life Satisfaction: From the Perspective of Mindfulness Coping Model
Xue, Y. W., & Xiang, Y. (2022) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2022.2085236 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Disentangling the Effects of Mindfulness, Savoring, and Depressive Symptoms among Emerging Adults
Cheung, R. Y. M., & Ng, M. C. Y. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20085568 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Childhood maltreatment, mindfulness, and the mediating role of rumination in college students
Fox, S. W., Morgan, V. R., Strait, G. G., Strait, J. E., & Ranton, K. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07033-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Li, X., Zhang, C., Li, C., Shi, W., Wang, F., Wang, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.613 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adapting Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities
Terry, C., Penland, M., Garland, D., Wang, W., Burton, T., & Dark-Freudeman, A. (2021) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/23337214211057703 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation
Lordanić, L., & Junaković, I. T. (2022) · Drustvena istrazivanja · doi:10.5559/di.31.4.01 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cool or hot: How dietary restraint produces both positive and negative eating behaviors
Moore, K., Walker, D., & Laczniak, R. N. (2024) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105147 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Review of the Relationship between Depression and Rumination
谭, 钦. (2023) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2023.1312724 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cortázar, N., & Calvete, E. (2022) · Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual · doi:10.51668/bp.8322202n · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhu, H., Zeng, J., Liu, L., & Gong, J. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02683-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kingery, J. N., Schneider, T. I., Bodenlos, J. S., Peltz, J. S., Moore, M. D., & Brown, K. J. (2024) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2024.2372584 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Orue, I., & Echabe-Ecenarro, O. (2026) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2025.2502378 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mindful Use of Facebook as a Self-Help Therapeutic Tool in Psychological Settings
Tennakoon, H. (2021) · Advances in media, entertainment and the arts (AMEA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8630-3.ch008
Rezapour-Mirsaleh, Y., Amini, R., Rezai, Z., & Javadian, F. S. (2022) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-022-09552-9
Ramezani, N., & Sajjadian, I. (2023) · Journal of Health and Care · doi:10.61186/jhc.25.2.146
Jin, J., Xu, W., Wang, Y., Yang, X., Wang, S., Li, D., & Liu, X. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06632-y
Wang, J., Chen, N., Chen, H., Liu, G., & Chen, X. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02554-3
Chae, H.-J., & Bae, S. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15121692
Türkel, N. N., Karaduran, M. C., Gazey, H., Başaran, A. S., & Ertek, İ. E. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03699-5
CHEN, W., Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Liu, Y., Xie, X., Yang, Q., Shao, J., Liu, F., & Wang, W. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106950
Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Depression
Yun, J.-A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7147-5_17
- Authors
- Jury, T. K., & Jose, P. E.
- Affiliations
- Victoria University of Wellington (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Jose, Paul E.
- ORCID
- Jose, Paul E.
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2018-11-27
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1091-1104
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- OpenAlex
- W2903039523
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Marsden Fund (06080611)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- rumination, depression, depressive symptoms, longitudinal mediation, mindfulness facets, non-judgment, acting with awareness, non-clinical adults
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review