Too sick for school? Parent influences on school functioning among children with chronic pain

“As described in Baron and Kenny [1] and Holmbeck [21], a decrease in the beta weight of the independent variable in the presence of the hypothesized mediator is evidence of a mediated effect.”

“Bootstrapping as outlined by Preacher and Hayes [40] was done to test the indirect effects for both mediation models.”

“As described in Baron and Kenny [1] and Holmbeck [21], a decrease in the beta weight of the independent variable in the presence of the hypothesized mediator is evidence of a mediated effect.”

“Additional studies must include multiple indicators of school functioning, test models incorporating multiple parent factors, and control for other known influences on pain-related school impairment such as child depressive symptoms [23,31,36].”

“These related models are not necessarily mutually exclusive; it is likely that there are multiple pathways that weave together child and parent responses to pain in various combinations, with further influences exerted by the larger family environment [30] as well as by other systems in which the child is embedded, su…”

“Additional studies must include multiple indicators of school functioning, test models incorporating multiple parent factors, and control for other known influences on pain-related school impairment such as child depressive symptoms [23,31,36].”

“, the extent to which parents encourage their child’s adaptive or maladaptive pain responses [4,54].”

“Number of school days missed in the past 3 months due to pain (including for doctors’ appointments) was obtained by parent report, which has been shown to correlate highly with official school attendance records [33].”

“In line with recent studies suggesting that parental behaviors and distress are important targets to incorporate in interventions to improve pediatric pain-related functional disability [19,27], these results support the inclusion of parent factors as targets of cognitive–behavioral interventions specifically aimed at…”

“related functioning vary across functional domains [9].”

“Measures of parents’ cognitions related to the child’s pain were completed separately as part of a larger internal review board-approved research protocol [45].”

“Furthermore, studies have examined only isolated parental variables [7,11,29].”

“Complex transactional processes appear to link children’s and parents’ emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to pain, ultimately influencing the child’s overall functioning [6,39,43,52].”

“In line with recent studies suggesting that parental behaviors and distress are important targets to incorporate in interventions to improve pediatric pain-related functional disability [19,27], these results support the inclusion of parent factors as targets of cognitive–behavioral interventions specifically aimed at…”

“Recent studies robustly demonstrate the impact that parents exert upon children’s chronic pain experiences [11,22,37,52].”

“A burgeoning body of research has explored numerous facets of parental functioning and pain responses [16,18,34,44,49], including but not limited to parents’ beliefs and worries about the child’s pain [11,14], quality of the adolescent–parent relationship [31], and interactional patterns, e.”

“Complex transactional processes appear to link children’s and parents’ emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to pain, ultimately influencing the child’s overall functioning [6,39,43,52].”

“Recent studies robustly demonstrate the impact that parents exert upon children’s chronic pain experiences [11,22,37,52].”

“Complex transactional processes appear to link children’s and parents’ emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to pain, ultimately influencing the child’s overall functioning [6,39,43,52].”

“This is a crucial outcome in pediatric pain, given evidence that long-term school impairment places individuals at heightened risk for poorer academic and occupational achievement [2], increased educational costs [8], and development of psychiatric disorders [2].”

“Previous studies have demonstrated associations between parental responses to pain and global functional disability [3,42], and 1 previous study has linked parental protective behaviors to”

“Although school impairment is a critical outcome in pediatric pain research [10,32,33,41], few studies focus specifically on this domain.”

“Too sick for school? Parent i ceived recent attention [12,13,17,48,50].”

“, cognitions, emotional distress) and child outcomes [26,38,42,52].”

“In light of several recent studies showing differences in both catastrophizing [17] and parental behavioral responses [50] between mothers and fathers and suggesting differential influences on child outcomes, future studies must examine the role of paternal influences on pain-related school impairment.”

“As ARCS = Adult Responses to Children’s Symptoms; CDI = Children’s Depression Inventory; PCS-P = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PedsQL-School = Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, School Function subscale. expected, both pain intensity and depressive symptoms did correlate significantly with school function outcomes (Ta…”

“Furthermore, studies have examined only isolated parental variables [7,11,29].”

“Although school impairment is a critical outcome in pediatric pain research [10,32,33,41], few studies focus specifically on this domain.”

“Too sick for school? Parent i ceived recent attention [12,13,17,48,50].”

“A burgeoning body of research has explored numerous facets of parental functioning and pain responses [16,18,34,44,49], including but not limited to parents’ beliefs and worries about the child’s pain [11,14], quality of the adolescent–parent relationship [31], and interactional patterns, e.”

“The recent development of several validated assessment tools aimed at capturing a range of parental responses to pain, such as parental readiness to adopt a self-management approach to the child’s pain [15], and parental psychological flexibility or pain acceptance [35,46] offer new avenues of inquiry to further clari…”

“A burgeoning body of research has explored numerous facets of parental functioning and pain responses [16,18,34,44,49], including but not limited to parents’ beliefs and worries about the child’s pain [11,14], quality of the adolescent–parent relationship [31], and interactional patterns, e.”

“A burgeoning body of research has explored numerous facets of parental functioning and pain responses [16,18,34,44,49], including but not limited to parents’ beliefs and worries about the child’s pain [11,14], quality of the adolescent–parent relationship [31], and interactional patterns, e.”

“Social learning influences on child pain behaviors have been shown to continue to predict pain responses into adulthood [28].”

“The recent development of several validated assessment tools aimed at capturing a range of parental responses to pain, such as parental readiness to adopt a self-management approach to the child’s pain [15], and parental psychological flexibility or pain acceptance [35,46] offer new avenues of inquiry to further clari…”

“Complex transactional processes appear to link children’s and parents’ emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to pain, ultimately influencing the child’s overall functioning [6,39,43,52].”

“Additional studies must include multiple indicators of school functioning, test models incorporating multiple parent factors, and control for other known influences on pain-related school impairment such as child depressive symptoms [23,31,36].”

“The recent development of several validated assessment tools aimed at capturing a range of parental responses to pain, such as parental readiness to adopt a self-management approach to the child’s pain [15], and parental psychological flexibility or pain acceptance [35,46] offer new avenues of inquiry to further clari…”

“, the extent to which parents encourage their child’s adaptive or maladaptive pain responses [4,54].”

“A burgeoning body of research has explored numerous facets of parental functioning and pain responses [16,18,34,44,49], including but not limited to parents’ beliefs and worries about the child’s pain [11,14], quality of the adolescent–parent relationship [31], and interactional patterns, e.”

“As ARCS = Adult Responses to Children’s Symptoms; CDI = Children’s Depression Inventory; PCS-P = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PedsQL-School = Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, School Function subscale. expected, both pain intensity and depressive symptoms did correlate significantly with school function outcomes (Ta…”

“Additionally, all measures were completed by the child, and sharedmethod variancemay contribute to the strength of the relations among the variables.(3,6,17,25) High rates of female and Caucasian patients limit the generalizability of findings to males and diverse ethnic groups; however, our sample is commensurate wit…”