Measuring parent beliefs about child acceptance of pain: A preliminary validation of the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire, parent report
Open accessAbstract
Parent perceptions of and responses to pain have been identified as important factors in understanding pain-related disability among children and adolescents with chronic pain. The ability to accept chronic pain rather than focus on ways to avoid or control it has been linked to positive outcomes in chronic pain research. To examine parent beliefs about child acceptance of pain, the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, parent report (CPAQ-P), was developed and administered to 195 parents of children with persistent pain evaluated in a multidisciplinary pain clinic. Analyses support the internal consistency of the CPAQ-P (α=.89) and 1-month stability estimates were acceptable for the total scale score (α=.72), and results suggest some responsivity to change. Exploratory factor analysis identified a 2-factor model with 4 items removed from the original 20-item measure. Confirmatory factor analysis strongly supported the modified version. For construct validity, parent beliefs about child acceptance were negatively correlated with parent pain catastrophizing and parent fear of pain. Greater acceptance was also negatively associated with protective parent responses to pain. These results support the CPAQ-P as a promising measure for assessing parent beliefs about child acceptance of pain and reinforce the importance of the social context and parental influence on child functioning.
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Parents with greater acceptance evidence less catastrophizing and protective parenting, which in turn help to foster better outcomes for children.
“Parents with greater acceptance evidence less catastrophizing and protective parenting [18] that in turn help to foster better outcomes for children.”
From Multi-family pediatric pain group therapy: Capturing acceptance and cultivating change (2017) · cites this paper as [18]
The Results (CPAQ-P construct validity; page not provided) associate greater parent beliefs about child pain acceptance with less catastrophizing and fewer protective responses. The Discussion associates those beliefs with better child outcomes, but the paper does not establish that reduced catastrophizing and protective parenting in turn cause those outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe 20-item Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire measures youth and parent proxy acceptance for discomfort, with sound reliability and validity.
“The 20-item Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire measures youth [16] and parent proxy [18] acceptance for discomfort (e.g., activity engagement; pain willingness), with sound reliability and validity.”
From Multi-family pediatric pain group therapy: Capturing acceptance and cultivating change (2017) · cites this paper as [18]
The Methods (Measures) describe a parent-report version assessing Activity Engagement and Pain Willingness. The Discussion and Results report preliminary validity and reliability, but say the final parent-report questionnaire has 16 items, not 20. The youth measure is attributed to a different citation in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.92)
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Epidemiology of Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents
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Pain Therapy in Childhood and Adolescent Chronic Pain
Dobe, M., Hartmann, R., Kriszio, H., Hechler, T., Behlert, J., & Zernikow, B. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37816-4_6
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Exploring Resilience and Adaptation in Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease
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How do partners’ beliefs about chronic pain relate to patients’ acceptance of pain?
McDougall, F. (2012) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Lee, S., Genik, L. M., & McMurtry, C. M. (2018) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93542-3_20
Dobe, M., & Zernikow, B. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32671-4_1
- Authors
- Simons, L. E., Sieberg, C. B., & Kaczynski, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Simons, Laura E.
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2294-2300
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3557831
- OpenAlex
- W2039302799
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Children’s Hospital Boston Career Development Fellowship Award
- Sara Page Mayo Endowment for Pediatric Pain Research and Treatment
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, at Children’s Hospital Boston
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, parental beliefs, pediatric chronic pain, pain acceptance, pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, multidisciplinary pain clinic, scale validation, factor structure, internal consistency, responsiveness to change
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Behavior, Child, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parent-Child Relations, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Chronic Pain
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