Cytokine expression and microglial activation in progressive supranuclear palsy
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Although little is known about the etiology of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), genetic and epigenetic factors, oxidative injury and inflammation are thought to contribute to its development and/or progression. Evidence for activated glia involvement in PSP has raised the possibility that neuroinflammation may contribute to its pathogenesis. To investigate the correlation between neuroinflammation and PSP, a comparative study was conducted on the patterns of cytokine expression in different regions of the brains of PSP, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and normal controls. Our results show different patterns of cytokine expression in each disease, with the expression of IL-1β transcripts being significantly higher in the substantia nigra of PSP than in AD and controls, while AD brains had significantly higher IL-1β expression in the parietal cortex compared to PSP and controls. In addition, expression of TGFβ was significantly higher in the cortical areas (particularly frontal and parietal lobes) of AD compared to PSP and controls. These results show a disease-specific topographical relationship among the expression of certain cytokines (IL-1β and TGFβ), microglial activation and neurodegenerative changes, suggesting that these cytokines may contribute to the pathologic process. If so, the use of cytokine-inhibitors and/or other anti-inflammatory agents may be able to slow disease progression in PSP.
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Gliosis and neuroinflammation are prevalent in tauopathy patient brains and recapitulated across many animal models.
“Gliosis and neuroinflammation are prevalent in tauopathy patient brains [4, 5, 106] and recapitulated across many animal models [127, 170–174].”
From Glial contributions to neurodegeneration in tauopathies (2017) · cites this paper as [106]
Several studies identified increased microglia number and activation in the substantia nigra pars compacta, subthalamic nucleus, pyramidal, extrapyramidal motor system, and cerebellar output of brain tissues from PSP patients by immunochemical postmortem analysis.
“Several studies have identified increased microglia number and activation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc),372 subthalamic nucleus,373 pyramidal, extrapyramidal motor system, and cerebellar output374 of brain tissues from PSP patients by immunochemical postmortem analysis.”
From Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets (2023) · cites this paper as [373]
Microglial activation, indicating neuroinflammation, is present in PSP.
“However, neuroinflammation also occurs in PSP, with microglial activation5,6, with a proposed toxic alliance between tau-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.”
From Neuroinflammation and Tau Colocalize in vivo in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Fernández-Botrán, R., Ahmed, Z., Crespo, F. A., Gatenbee, C., Gonzalez, J., Dickson, D. W., & Litvan, I.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- Venue
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 683-688
- ISSN
- 1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3196843
- OpenAlex
- W2069654339
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (0350352N)
- NIH (P50NS072187, P50AG16475, R01 PAS-03-092)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- progressive supranuclear palsy, cytokine expression
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Brain, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive, Cytokines, Microglia, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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