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Cited by 702Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Neuroinflammation as a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders

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Guzman-Martinez, Leonardo, Maccioni, Ricardo B., Andrade, Víctor, Navarrete, Leonardo Patricio, Pastor, María Gabriela, Ramos-Escobar, Nicolas·2019·Frontiers in Pharmacology
DOI 10.3389/fphar.2019.01008PMC PMC6751310
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Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases share the fact that they derive from altered proteins that undergo an unfolding process followed by formation of β-structures and a pathological tendency to self-aggregate in neuronal cells. This is a characteristic of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease and several tauopathies associated with tau unfolding, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, and huntingtin in Huntington disease. Usually, the self-aggregation products are toxic to these cells, and toxicity spreads all over different brain areas. We have postulated that these protein unfolding events are the molecular alterations that trigger several neurodegenerative disorders. Most interestingly, these events occur as a result of neuroinflammatory cascades involving alterations in the cross-talks between glial cells and neurons as a consequence of the activation of microglia and astrocytes. The model we have hypothesized for Alzheimer's disease involves damage signals that promote glial activation, followed by nuclear factor NF-kβ activation, synthesis, and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-12 that affect neuronal receptors with an overactivation of protein kinases. These patterns of pathological events can be applied to several neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, the involvement of innate immunity seems to be a major paradigm in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This is an important element for the search for potential therapeutic approaches for all these brain disorders.

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  • Neuroinflammation has attracted attention as the third hallmark of AD pathology.

    “neuroinflammation has attracted attention as the third hallmark of AD pathology (4)”

    From Nuclear SphK2/S1P signaling is a key regulator of ApoE production and Aβ uptake in astrocytes (2024) · cites this paper as [4]

    In “Cross-Talks Between Glial Cells and Neurons and Origins of Alzheimer’s Disease” (page unavailable), the paper identifies tau tangles and β-amyloid as major AD hallmarks and calls neuroinflammation a key element alongside them. It supports neuroinflammation’s importance in AD, but does not designate it the third hallmark. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Neuroinflammation impairs brain network function through the abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines.

    “impairs brain network function through the abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines”

    From Nuclear SphK2/S1P signaling is a key regulator of ApoE production and Aβ uptake in astrocytes (2024) · cites this paper as [4]

    The sections on neuroinflammation in AD and on tauopathies describe abnormal proinflammatory cytokine release, neuronal dysfunction, and reduced synaptic markers. They do not specifically establish impaired brain network function; the claim extends the reported cellular and synaptic effects to a network-level outcome. No page numbers were available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Neuroinflammation is characterized by the activation of glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes.

    “Neuroinflammation is characterized by the activation of glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes”

    From Nuclear SphK2/S1P signaling is a key regulator of ApoE production and Aβ uptake in astrocytes (2024) · cites this paper as [4]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Guzman-Martinez, L., Maccioni, R. B., Andrade, V., Navarrete, L. P., Pastor, M. G., & Ramos-Escobar, N.
Affiliations
  • University of Chile (CL)
  • Universidad de Santiago de Chile (CL)
Corresponding author
Maccioni, Ricardo B.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2019-09-12
Volume
10
Pages
1008-1008
ISSN
1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fphar.2019.01008
PMC
PMC6751310
OpenAlex
W2964483356
Cited by
702
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 55 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 133 · 2021: 117 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 1
FWCI
8.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Corporación de Fomento de la Producción
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, protein unfolding, tau protein, Alzheimer's disease, tauopathy, alpha-synuclein, Parkinson's disease, huntingtin, Huntington's disease, protein aggregation, glial activation, microglia, astrocytes, NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, innate immunity, neurodegeneration pathogenesis

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