Cited by 623Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNuclear Receptors and SignalingDeep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders

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Neuropathology of Parkinson disease

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Dickson, Dennis W.·2018·Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.033PMC PMC5718208

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Abstract

Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability and tremor. Several pathologic processes can produce this syndrome, but neurodegeneration accompanied by neuronal inclusions composed of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies) is considered the typical pathologic correlate of PD.Methods The neuropathologic features of PD are reviewed based upon personal experience and review of the literature. Molecular pathology of PD is summarized from cell biological and animal studies.Results The pathologic feature that correlates with signs and symptoms of PD is neuronal loss in the substantia nigra with dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. Neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra preferentially affects the ventrolateral cell group that projects to posterolateral putamen and is accompanied by formation of Lewy bodies composed of aggregated α-synuclein. Some patients with PD are found at autopsy to have other pathologic processes, such as multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and cerebrovascular disease (vascular Parkinsonism). The peripheral autonomic nervous system is also affected. The triggering event in PD is unknown, but recent studies suggest a role for loss of nuclear membrane integrity. Once α-synuclein aggregates forms, evidence supports cell-to-cell propagation.Conclusion PD is a multisystem synucleinopathy caused by poorly characterized genetic and environmental factors that produces degeneration in selectively vulnerable neuronal populations.

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Authors: Dickson, D. W.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Dickson, Dennis W.
ORCID: Dickson, Dennis W.
Venue: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-01
Volume: 46
Pages: S30-S33
ISSN: 1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.033
PMC: PMC5718208
OpenAlex: W2501464909
Cited by: 623
References: 166
Citations by year: 2026: 53 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 22
FWCI: 4.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 318 d)
Locations: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (acceptedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NINDS (P50-NS072187)
Mangurian Foundation Lewy Body Dementia Program
CurePSP/Tau Consortium Brain Bank
The Robert E. Jacoby Professorship
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, neuropathology
MeSH terms: Neuropathology, Brain, Humans, Parkinson Disease

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