Adolescent nicotine exposure disrupts context conditioning in adulthood in rats
Open accessAbstract
Despite the prevalence of smoking among adolescents, few studies have assessed the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on learning in adulthood. In particular, it remains unclear whether adolescent nicotine exposure has effects on hippocampus-dependent learning that persist into adulthood. The present experiment examined whether there were effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on context conditioning, a form of learning dependent on the integrity of the hippocampus, when tested during adulthood. Rats were exposed to nicotine during adolescence (postnatal days [PD] 28-42) via osmotic minipump (0, 3.0 or 6.0mg/kg/day). Context conditioning occurred in early adulthood (PD 65-70). Animals were exposed to an experimental context and were given 10 unsignaled footshocks or no shock. Additional groups were included to test the effects of adolescent nicotine on delay conditioning, a form of learning that is not dependent upon the hippocampus. Conditioning was assessed using a lick suppression paradigm. For animals in the context conditioning groups, adolescent nicotine resulted in significantly less suppression of drinking in the presence of context cues compared with vehicle-pretreated animals. For animals in the delay conditioning groups, there was a trend for adolescent nicotine (3.0mg/kg/day) to suppress drinking compared to vehicle-pretreated animals. There were no differences in extinction of contextual fear or cued fear between rats previously exposed to vehicle or nicotine. The data indicate that adolescent nicotine administration impairs context conditioning when animals are trained and tested as adults. The present data suggest that adolescent nicotine exposure may disrupt hippocampus-dependent learning when animals are tested during adulthood.
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Nicotine has a myriad of harmful effects on adolescent development, mood, and behavior.
“nicotine has a myriad of harmful effects on adolescent development, mood, and behavior.”
From Consequences of adolescent drug use (2023) · cites this paper as [175]
The Introduction reports neural changes after adolescent nicotine exposure, and the Discussion reports impaired context learning in rats tested as adults. The Discussion mentions possible increased anxiety from another study, but this paper does not establish an effect on mood. The claim also generalizes these rat findings to adolescent development and behavior broadly. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdolescent nicotine exposure, but not adult exposure, produces persistent cognitive deficits in contextual fear conditioning and other hippocampus-dependent tasks.
“Interestingly, when fear conditioning was assessed after a 30-d abstinence period following chronic nicotine exposure, preadolescent and adolescent exposed but not adult exposed animals displayed persistent cognitive impairments, indicating that adult deficits in fear conditioning during prolonged nicotine abstinence are specific to preadolescent and adolescent nicotine exposure.”
From The long-term cognitive consequences of adolescent exposure to recreational drugs of abuse (2018) · cites this paper as Spaeth et al. 2010
The Discussion (page not supplied) reports impaired contextual fear conditioning in adulthood after adolescent nicotine exposure. It explicitly says the experiment had no adult-exposure comparison group, so it cannot establish that the effect is specific to adolescent exposure. The paper also does not demonstrate deficits after preadolescent exposure or in other hippocampus-dependent tasks; the Discussion proposes testing such tasks in future experiments. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere are known impairments in cognitive abilities following ANE.
“Furthermore, there are known impairments in cognitive abilities [175–177].”
From Consequences of adolescent drug use (2023) · cites this paper as [175]
Laboratory rodent studies provide strong evidence that isolated adolescent nicotine exposure produces long-lasting learning and cognitive deficits.
“studies of laboratory rodents provide strong evidence that isolated nicotine exposure during adolescence produces long-lasting deficits in learning and cognitive processes.”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [288]
Adolescent nicotine exposure is associated with adult deficits in contextual fear conditioning, but not cued fear conditioning, in rats and mice.
“adolescent nicotine exposure was associated with adult deficits in contextual fear conditioning, but not cued fear conditioning, in both rats and mice”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [288]
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- Authors
- Spaeth, A. M., Barnet, R. C., Hunt, P. S., & Burk, J. A.
- Affiliations
- William & Mary (US)
- Corresponding author
- Burk, Joshua A.
- ORCID
- Spaeth, Andrea M.
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 501-506
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2930174
- OpenAlex
- W2002776842
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- W&M Publish (College of William & Mary) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA 015343, R01AA015343)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- adolescent nicotine exposure, contextual conditioning, hippocampus-dependent learning, delay conditioning, hippocampus, contextual fear extinction, cued fear, memory impairment, smoking initiation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Conditioning, Operant, Female, Male, Nicotine, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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