Ih from synapses to networks: HCN channel functions and modulation in neurons
Open accessAbstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels and the current they carry, I h, are widely and diversely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). The distribution of the four subunits of HCN channels is variable within the CNS, within brain regions, and often within subcellular compartments. The precise function of I h can depend heavily on what other channels are co-expressed. In this review, we give an overview of HCN channel structure, distribution, and modulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). We then discuss HCN channel and I h functions, where we have parsed the roles into two main effects: a steady effect on maintaining the resting membrane potential at relatively depolarized values, and slow channel dynamics. Within this framework, we discuss I h involvement in resonance, synaptic integration, transmitter release, plasticity, and point out a special case, where the effects of I h on the membrane potential and its slow channel dynamics have dual roles in thalamic neurons.
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HCN channels open with membrane hyperpolarization to conduct Ih, a slowly activating inward flux that depolarizes dendrites, lowers input resistance, and tightens the temporal window for integration.
“HCN channels open with membrane hyperpolarization to conduct the mixed cation current Ih, a slowly activating inward flux that depolarizes dendrites, lowers input resistance, and tightens the temporal window for integration [271,272].”
From Synaptic Plasticity—Intrinsic Excitability and Antidepressant Discovery (2026) · cites this paper as [271]
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Davis, M. J., Earley, S., Li, Y.-S., & Chien, S. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00053.2021 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
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HCN channels in the lateral habenula regulate pain and comorbid depressive-like behaviors in mice
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Synaptic Plasticity—Intrinsic Excitability and Antidepressant Discovery
Tanaka, M. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14061265
- Authors
- Combe, C. L., & Gasparini, S.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gasparini, Sonia
- Venue
- Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 166
- Pages
- 119-132
- ISSN
- 0079-6107 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8572156
- OpenAlex
- W3173456444
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 MH115832)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- HCN channels, Ih current, hyperpolarization-activated current, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, resting membrane potential, neuronal resonance, synaptic integration, neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, thalamic neurons, central nervous system
- MeSH terms
- Membrane Potentials, Neurons, Synapses, Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels, Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels
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