Patterned stimulation at the theta frequency is optimal for the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation
Abstract
Short, high frequency stimulation bursts (4 pulses at 100 Hz) were applied to Schaffer/commissural projections to the CA1 field of rat hippocampal slices at 0.1, 0.2, 1.0 or 2.0-s intervals to assess their efficacy in eliciting long-term potentiation (LTP). Bursts repeated at 2-s intervals induced very little LTP; shorter repetition intervals reliably elicited LTP, with the 200-ms repetition interval producing the greatest potentiation. A short-term potentiation effect, which was maximal 20 s after the last burst and decayed within 10 min, was affected differently by the stimulation parameters than was LTP, suggesting that the two phenomena are due to different processes. The results indicate that patterns of stimulation resembling spike discharge patterns of hippocampal neurons in animals in exploratory situations are effective in inducing LTP and suggest temporal constraints on the mechanisms involved in triggering synaptic plasticity.
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Animal studies have shown that bursts of 3-5 pulses at 50-100 Hz (theta rhythm) induce LTP/LTD when applied to the motor cortex or hippocampus.
“Animal studies have shown that bursts of 3-5 pulses at 50-100 Hz (theta rhythm) induce LTP/LTD when applied to the motor cortex or hippocampus (Hess & Donoghue, 1996; Larson, et al., 1986).”
From Theta burst stimulation to characterize changes in brain plasticity following mild traumatic brain injury: A proof-of-principle study (2015) · cites this paper as Larson, et al., 1986
The iTBS stimulation pattern closely resembles theta rhythms (5-7 Hz), which facilitate long-term potentiation and are associated with learning and memory processes.
“This stimulation pattern closely resembles theta rhythms (5-7 Hz), which are known to facilitate long-term potentiation and are associated with learning and memory processes.12”
From Can Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Relieve Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Late-Life Depression? (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
TBS is designed to mimic the in vivo firing patterns of hippocampal neurons during exploratory behavior.
“TBS is designed to mimic the in vivo firing patterns of hippocampal neurons during exploratory behavior 127 .”
From NAD+ hydrolase Sarm1 is a key driver of synapse degeneration and memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease (2025) · cites this paper as [127]
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- Authors
- Larson, J., Wong, D., & Lynch, G.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Larson, John
- ORCID
- Lynch, Gary
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1986-03
- Volume
- 368
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 347-350
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1970542265
- Cited by
- 1,037
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- long-term potentiation, hippocampus, CA1, short-term potentiation, synaptic plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Hippocampus, Male, Neurons, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reaction Time, Theta Rhythm, Time Factors, Rats
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