A comprehensive review and analysis of 25 years of data from an in vivo canine model of sudden cardiac death: Implications for future anti-arrhythmic drug development
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death resulting from ventricular tachyarrhythmias remains the leading cause of death in industrially developed countries, accounting for between 300,000 and 500,000 deaths each year in the United States. Yet, despite the enormity of this problem, the development of safe and effective anti-arrhythmic agents remains elusive. The identification of effective anti-arrhythmic agents is critically dependent upon the use of appropriate animal models of human disease. During the last 25 years, a canine model of sudden cardiac death has proven to be useful in both the identification of factors contributing to ventricular fibrillation (VF) and the evaluation of potential anti-arrhythmic therapies. The present review provides a detailed retrospective analysis of the data obtained with this model. Briefly, VF was reliably and reproducibly induced by the combination of acute myocardial ischemia at site distant from a previous myocardial infarction during submaximal exercise (to activate the autonomic nervous system). This exercise plus ischemia test identified 2 stable populations of dogs: those that development malignant arrhythmias (susceptible, n=303) and those that rarely developed even single premature ventricular activation (resistant, n=209). The susceptible animals exhibited an elevated sympathetic activation (due to an enhanced beta2-adrenoceptor responsiveness) and a subnormal parasympathetic regulation. Several interventions have proven to be particularly effective in preventing VF in the susceptible dogs; including calcium channel antagonists, left stellate ganglion disruption, ATP-sensitive potassium channel antagonists, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, and non-pharmacological interventions (endurance exercise training and dietary omega-3 fatty acids).
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Some canine heart disease models include sudden cardiac death, rapid pacing induced heart failure, repeated microembolization induced chronic heart failure, and gradual aortic constriction induced left-ventricular pressure-overload.
“Some of these models include sudden cardiac death (review: (Billman, 2006)), rapid pacing induced heart failure (Recchia, et al., 1998; Sabbah, et al., 1991), repeated microembolization induced chronic heart failure (Sabbah, et al., 1991), gradual aortic constriction induced left-ventricular pressure-overload (Koide, et al., 1997).”
From Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages (2014) · cites this paper as Billman, 2006
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Billman, G. E., Houle, M. S., Englert, H. C., & Gögelein, H. (2004) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.061416 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of ryanodine on ventricular fibrillation induced by myocardial ischaemia
Lappi, M. D., & Billman, G. E. (1993) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/27.12.2152 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibition of cardiac ATP-dependent potassium channels by sulfonylurea drugs.
Gögelein, H. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Adamson, P. B. (1998) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00137-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
In-Vivo Models of Arrhythmias: a Canine Model of Sudden Cardiac Death
Billman, G. E. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-26574-0_7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationAlpha1‐Adrenergic Blockade and Sudden Cardiac Death
Vanoli, E., Hull, S. S., Foreman, R. D., Ferrari, A., & Schwartz, P. J. (1994) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01116.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The calcium channel antagonist, flunarizine, protects against ventricular fibrillation
Billman, G. E. (1992) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(92)90334-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAvendano, C. E., & Billman, G. E. (1994) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)90087-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationBillman, G. E., Kulkielka, M., Kelley, R. E., et al. (2005) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2005.02.338 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Heart Rate Variability ? A Historical Perspective
Billman, G. E. (2011) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2011.00086 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise is the real polypill.
Fiuza-Luces, C., Garatachea, N., Berger, N. A., & Lucia, A. (2013) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00019.2013 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages
Milani-Nejad, N., & Janssen, P. M. L. (2014) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.007 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Cardiac autonomic balance versus cardiac regulatory capacity
Berntson, G. G., Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00652.x · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T., & Grossman, P. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.08.006 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Spirituality and Autonomic Cardiac Control
Berntson, G. G., Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-008-9027-x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Billman, G. E., Nishijima, Y., Belevych, A. E., Terentyev, D., Xu, Y., Haizlip, K. M., Monasky, M. M., Hiranandani, N., Harris, W. S., Gyorke, S., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01065.2009 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Billman, G. E.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Billman, George E.
- Venue
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 808-835
- ISSN
- 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056757839
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL068609, HL68609)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Keywords
- sudden cardiac death, ventricular fibrillation, canine model, exercise-induced myocardial ischemia, autonomic nervous system, sympathetic activation, parasympathetic modulation, calcium channel blockers, stellate ganglion block, beta-blockers, endurance training, omega-3 fatty acids, arrhythmia susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Autonomic Nervous System, Blood Pressure, Calcium, Disease Models, Animal, Dogs, Electrocardiography, Fish Oils, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Sulfonamides, Thiourea, Ventricular Fibrillation, Exercise, Death, Sudden, Cardiac
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