Spirituality and Autonomic Cardiac Control
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Spirituality has been suggested to be associated with positive health, but potential biological mediators have not been well characterized. PURPOSE AND METHODS: The present study examined, in a population-based sample of middle-aged and older adults, the potential relationship between spirituality and patterns of cardiac autonomic control, which may have health significance. Measures of parasympathetic (high-frequency heart rate variability) and sympathetic (pre-ejection period) cardiac control were obtained from a representative sample of 229 participants. Participants completed questionnaires to assess spirituality (closeness to and satisfactory relationship with God). Personality, demographic, anthropometric, health behavior, and health status information was also obtained. A series of hierarchical regression models was used to examine the relations between spirituality, the autonomic measures, and two derived indexes--cardiac autonomic balance (CAB, reflecting parasympathetic to sympathetic balance) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR, reflecting total autonomic control). RESULTS: Spirituality, net of demographics, or other variables were found to be associated with enhanced parasympathetic as well as sympathetic cardiac control (yielding a higher CAR) but was not associated with CAB. Although the number of cases was small (N = 11), both spirituality and CAR were significant negative predictors of the prior occurrence of a myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: In a population-based sample, spirituality appears to be associated with a specific pattern of CAR, characterized by a high level of cardiac autonomic control, irrespective of the relative contribution of the two autonomic branches. This pattern of autonomic control may have health significance.
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Of the 13 most rigorous CHD studies, nine (69%) found inverse relationships with CHD and one found a positive one.
“Of the 13 studies with the most rigorous methodology, nine (69%) found inverse relationships with CHD [357–365] and one found a positive one [366].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [357]
Of the 13 most rigorous CHD studies, nine (69%) found inverse relationships with CHD and one found a positive one.
“Of the 13 studies with the most rigorous methodology, nine (69%) found inverse relationships with CHD [357–365] and one found a positive one [366].”
From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [366]
Studies documented multiple beneficial effects associated with certain RS dimensions (e.g., private spiritual practices and intrinsic religiosity), such as higher levels of cardiac autonomic control and lower blood pressure reactivity to stressors.
“These studies documented multiple beneficial effects associated with certain RS dimensions (e.g., private spiritual practices and intrinsic religiosity), such as higher levels of cardiac autonomic control (Berntson et al., 2008) and lower blood pressure reactivity to stressors (Masters et al., 2004).”
From Advancing our understanding of religion and spirituality in the context of behavioral medicine (2017) · cites this paper as Berntson et al., 2008
Some aspects of RS are related to cardiovascular reactivity, levels of cardiac autonomic control, and immune functioning.
“Some aspects of RS are related to cardiovascular reactivity (Masters et al., 2005), levels of cardiac autonomic control (Berntson et al., 2008), and immune functioning (Ai et al., 2010).”
From Advancing our understanding of religion and spirituality in the context of behavioral medicine (2017) · cites this paper as Berntson et al., 2008
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The Older Cancer Patient: Religious and Spiritual Dimensions
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0021
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0007
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0005
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0033
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0009
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0024
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0020
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0026
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Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0030
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0019
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0004
Personality Traits and Disorders
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0011
Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0009
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0004
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0018
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0003
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0013
Koh, H. K. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0006
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0028
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0022
Studies on Religion and Health
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.005.0001
Health Benefits of Spirituality
Dragan, D., McDuffie, D. L., & Crowther, M. R. (2025) · Nutrition and health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87441-3_16
- Authors
- Berntson, G. G., Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berntson, Gary G.
- Venue
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-03-21
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 198-208
- ISSN
- 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
- 0883-6612
- 1532-4796
- PMC
- PMC2689369
- OpenAlex
- W2108310640
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- John Templeton Foundation
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG018911)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- spirituality, cardiac autonomic control, heart rate variability, pre-ejection period, parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, cardiac autonomic balance, cardiac autonomic regulation, myocardial infarction, middle-aged and older adults, relationship with God
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Arousal, Autonomic Nervous System, Electrocardiography, Female, Fourier Analysis, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Religion and Psychology, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Spirituality
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