Dietary Foeniculum vulgare Mill extract attenuated UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging by activating of Nrf2 and inhibiting MAPK pathways
Abstract
Background Foeniculum vulgare Mill (FV) has long been prescribed in traditional medicine due to its antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. However, little research has been done on the use of FV to alleviate changes in UVB-induced photoaging PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the photoprotective effects and mechanism of FV in vitro and in vivo.Methods The anti-photoaging effect of FV was assessed in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) in vitro. The secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), GSH, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), procollagen type I, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by kits. Additionally, the level of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), p-ERK and p38 were evaluated by western blotting. In vivo, H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were employed. The expression of MMP-1, procollagen type I, TGF-β1 and elastin were measured by western blot.Results FV significantly increased the production of collagen, elastin and TGF-β1 levels, while blocked matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production in UVB irradiation induced hairless mice, which were consistent with the result in NHDFs. Furthermore, FV dose-dependently decreased the production of ROS and LDH by promoting the nuclear amount of Nrf2 and enhancing the expression of cytoprotective antioxidants such as GSH. FV also significantly quenched UVB-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in NHDFs.Conclusion Our results indicate that FV is a potential botanical agent for the treatment of skin damage induced by UV irradiation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Oral supplementation with dietary Foeniculum vulgare Mill extract attenuated UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting MAPK pathways in HR-1 mice.
“Oral supplementation with dietary Foeniculum vulgare Mill extract attenuated UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting MAPK pathways in HR-1 mice.”
From Boosting the Photoaged Skin: The Potential Role of Dietary Components (2021) · cites this paper as [119]
Foeniculum vulgare extract dramatically improved production of collagen, elastin, and TGF-beta1 in mouse dorsal skin, while reducing skin MMP levels under UVB irradiation.
“This extract dramatically improved the production of collagen, elastin, and TGF-β1 in mouse dorsal skin, while reducing skin MMP levels under UVB irradiation [119].”
From Boosting the Photoaged Skin: The Potential Role of Dietary Components (2021) · cites this paper as [119]
Cites
Nrf2:INrf2 (Keap1) signaling in oxidative stress
Kaspar, J. W., Niture, S. K., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2009) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.035 · Cited by 1,646 · see citing works
Matrix-Degrading Metalloproteinases in Photoaging
Quan, T., Qin, Z., Xia, W., Shao, Y., Voorhees, J. J., & Fisher, G. J. (2009) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.1038/jidsymp.2009.8 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Pillai, S., Oresajo, C., & Hayward, J. (2005) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00241.x · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Photoaging of the skin from phenotype to mechanisms
Scharffetter‐Kochanek, K., Brenneisen, P., Wenk, J., Herrmann, G., Ma, W., Kuhr, L., Meewes, C., & Wlaschek, M. (2000) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00098-x · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Quan, T., He, T., Kang, S., Voorhees, J. J., & Fisher, G. J. (2004) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63337-8 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Photochemoprevention of ultraviolet B signaling and photocarcinogenesis
Afaq, F., Adhami, V. M., & Mukhtar, H. (2005) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.07.019 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
The role of elastin and collagen in cutaneous aging: intrinsic aging versus photoexposure.
Uitto, J. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging
Afaq, F., & Mukhtar, H. (2006) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00466.x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Hseu, Y.-C., Chou, C.-W., Senthil Kumar, K. J., Fu, K.-T., Wang, H.-M., Hsu, L.-S., Kuo, Y.-H., Wu, C.-R., Chen, S.-C., & Yang, H.-L. (2012) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.020 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Polyphenols: Skin Photoprotection and Inhibition of Photocarcinogenesis
Afaq, F., & Katiyar, S. K. (2011) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/13895575111091200 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
UV‐induced DNA damage initiates release of MMP‐1 in human skin
Dong, K. K., Damaghi, N., Picart, S. D., Markova, N. G., Obayashi, K., Okano, Y., Masaki, H., Grether‐Beck, S., Krutmann, J., Smiles, K. A., et al. (2008) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00747.x · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Bae, J., Choi, J.-S., Choi, Y. J., Shin, S.-Y., Kang, S., Han, S. J., & Kang, Y. (2007) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.112 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Gallic Acid Regulates Skin Photoaging in UVB‐exposed Fibroblast and Hairless Mice
Hwang, E., Park, S., Lee, H. J., Lee, T. Y., Sun, Z., & Yi, T. (2014) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.5198 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationSahu, B. D., Kumar, J. M., & Sistla, R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134139 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Cellular effects of long wavelength UV light (UVA) in mammalian cells
McMillan, T. J., Leatherman, E., Ridley, A., Shorrocks, J., Tobi, S. E., & Whiteside, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1211/jpp.60.8.0004 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Chiang, H., Lin, T.-J., Chiu, C., Chang, C.-W., Hsu, K.-C., Fan, P.-C., & Wen, K. (2010) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.034 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Senger, D. R., Li, D., Jaminet, S.-C., & Cao, S. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148042 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
NRF2 and p53: Januses in cancer?
Rotblat, B., Melino, G., & Knight, R. A. (2012) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.754 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Cho, H., Lee, M., Lee, J. W., No, K., Park, S., Lee, H., Kang, S., Cho, W., Park, H. J., Oh, K. W., et al. (2007) · Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2007.00298.x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationThe pathophysiology of photoaging of the skin.
Fisher, G. J. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Staniforth, V., Huang, W.-C., Kandan, A., & Yang, N. (2011) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.01.009 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory effects of anethole in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice
Kang, P., Kim, K. Y., Lee, H. S., Min, S. S., & Seol, G. H. (2013) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.014 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Luckett‐Chastain, L. R., & Gallucci, R. M. (2007) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07867.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Effects of topical application of patchouli alcohol on the UV-induced skin photoaging in mice
Feng, X.-X., Yu, X., Li, W., Kong, S., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Xian, Y., Zhang, X., Su, Z., & Lin, Z. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2014.07.001 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Goswami, N., & Chatterjee, S. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/582767 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Reprint of: Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant actions of pro-electrophilic drugs
Satoh, T., McKercher, S. R., & Lipton, S. A. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hwang, E., Kim, S. H., Lee, S., Lee, C. H., Do, S., Kim, J., & Kim, S. Y. (2013) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.4943 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationZhong, J., Hu, N., Xiong, X., Lei, Q., & Li, L. (2010) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.10.035 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Fineschi, S., Cozzi, F., Burger, D., Dayer, J. M., Meroni, P. L., & Chizzolini, C. (2007) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kem241 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ham, S. A., Hwang, J. S., Kang, E. S., Yoo, T., Lim, H. H., Lee, W. J., Paek, K. S., & Seo, H. G. (2015) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2014.993916 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Vigna angularis Water Extracts Protect Against Ultraviolet B-Exposed Skin Aging In Vitro and In Vivo
Hwang, E., Park, S., Lee, H. J., Sun, Z., Lee, T. Y., Song, H. G., Shin, H., & Yi, T. (2014) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2013.3017 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 32 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Defense potential of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants under UV-B stress
Takshak, S., & Agrawal, S. B. (2019) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.002 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Plant extracts and natural compounds used against UVB-induced photoaging
Cavinato, M., Waltenberger, B., Baraldo, G., Grade, C. V. C., Stuppner, H., & Jansen-Dürr, P. (2017) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-017-9715-7 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Cosmetic and Therapeutic Applications of Fish Oil’s Fatty Acids on the Skin
Huang, T.-H., Wang, P.-W., Yang, S.-C., Chou, W.-L., & Fang, J.-Y. (2018) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md16080256 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Role of Phytochemicals in Skin Photoprotection via Regulation of Nrf2
Chaiprasongsuk, A., & Panich, U. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.823881 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Boosting the Photoaged Skin: The Potential Role of Dietary Components
Geng, R., Kang, S.-G., Huang, K., & Tong, T. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051691 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Hernandez, D. F., Lugo‐Cervantes, E., Luna‐Vital, D. A., & Mojica, L. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1805407 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Rodríguez-Luna, A., Ávila‐Román, J., Oliveira, H., Motilva, V., & Talero, E. (2019) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md17080451 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Premature cell senescence in human skin: Dual face in chronic acquired pigmentary disorders
Bellei, B., & Picardo, M. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100981 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Zhao, P., Alam, M. B., & Lee, S. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11010060 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the Nrf2 signaling pathway in skin cells
Ryšavá, A., Vostálová, J., & Svobodová, A. R. (2021) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553002.2021.1962566 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
de Oliveira, M. M., Ratti, B. A., Daré, R. G., Silva, S. D. O., Truiti, M. D. C. T., Ueda‐Nakamura, T., Auzély‐Velty, R., & Nakamura, C. V. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/2419096 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Singh, H., Du, J., Singh, P., & Yi, T. (2018) · Journal of nanostructure in chemistry · doi:10.1007/s40097-018-0281-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, P., Hwang, E., Ngo, H. T. T., Seo, S. A., & Yi, T. (2019) · Cytotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10616-019-00342-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationZhi, Q., Lei, L., Li, F., Zhao, J., Yin, R., & Ming, J. (2019) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.103640 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lipoxin A4 inhibits UV radiation-induced skin inflammation and oxidative stress in mice
Martinez, R. M., Fattori, V., Saito, P., Melo, C. B. P., Borghi, S. M., Pinto, I. C., Bussmann, A. J. C., Baracat, M. M., Georgetti, S. R., Verri, W. A., Jr., et al. (2018) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.014 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Jeon, J., Sung, J., Lee, H., Kim, Y., Jeong, H. S., & Lee, J. (2018) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.12701 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hwang, E., Lin, P., Ngo, H. T. T., Gao, W., Wang, Y., Yu, H.-S., & Yi, T. (2018) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c8pp00174j · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationMussard, E., Jousselin, S., Césaro, A., Legrain, B., Lespessailles, É., Estève, É., Berteina‐Raboin, S., & Toumi, H. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9050432 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Protective roles of mesenchymal stem cells on skin photoaging: A narrative review
Lv, J., Yang, S., Lv, M., Lv, J., Sui, Y., & Guo, S. (2022) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2022.101746 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Aromatic plants as cosmeceuticals: benefits and applications for skin health
Olivero‐Verbel, J., Quintero-Rincón, P., & Caballero-Gallardo, K. (2024) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-024-04550-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Park, B., Hwang, E., Seo, S. A., Zhang, M., Park, S., & Yi, T. (2017) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.028 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, D., Li, C., & Zhao, M. (2021) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d1fo02598h · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sohn, S. J., Yu, J. M., Lee, E. Y., Nam, Y. J., Kim, J., Kang, S., Kim, D. H., Kim, A., & Kang, S. (2018) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-018-0229-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Xiao, J., Liu, B., & Zhuang, Y. (2019) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.020 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sheng, Y.-Y., Xiang, J., Lu, J., Ye, J., Chen, Z.-J., Zhao, J.-W., Liang, Y., & Zheng, X. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05305-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Seo, H., Kim, C., Kim, M., & Hwang, J. (2019) · Preventive Nutrition and Food Science · doi:10.3746/pnf.2019.24.4.442 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Premna microphylla Turcz pectin protected UVB-induced skin aging in BALB/c-nu mice via Nrf2 pathway
Chen, Y., Liu, X., Lei, X., Lei, L., Zhao, J., Zeng, K., & Ming, J. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.076 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Foeniculum vulgare seed extract exerts anti-cancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma
Ke, W., Wang, H., Zhao, X., & Lu, Z. (2021) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d0fo02243h · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lv, Z., Chen, L., Ouyang, H., Zhu, Y., Ma, J., Zhang, K., Lin, W., Li, W., Zhang, Z., & He, J. (2024) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2024.106552 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Hwang, E., Ngo, H. T. T., Perumalsamy, H., Kim, Y. J., Li, L., & Yi, T. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19113327 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationNatural Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergy Agents: Herbs and Botanical Ingredients
Saini, R., & Dhiman, N. K. (2021) · Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1871523021666220411111743 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hu, X., Chen, M., Nawaz, J., & Duan, X. (2024) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s478666 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Huber, K. L., Fernández, J. R., Webb, C., Rouzard, K., Healy, J., Tamura, M., Stock, J. B., Stock, M. B., & Pérez, E. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26216351 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lee, S. J., Kim, J. E., Choi, Y. J., Gong, J. E., Park, S. H., Douangdeuane, B., Souliya, O., Park, J. M., Lee, H. S., Kim, B.-H., et al. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10050791 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationJung, J. M., Kwon, O. Y., Choi, J. K., & Lee, S. H. (2022) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03707-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Syed, F. Q., Mirza, M. B., Elkady, A. I., Hakeem, K. R., & Alkarim, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_11 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Geng, R., Fang, J., Kang, S., Huang, K., & Tong, T. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122035 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Therapeutic Properties of Polyphenols Affect AMPK Molecular Pathway in HyperlipidemiaPreprint
Sotoudeheian, M., Hoseini, S., & Mirahmadi, S. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0528.v1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Oh, J. H., Karadeniz, F., Lee, J. I., Seo, Y., & Kong, C. (2022) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12828 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yun, J., Kim, C., Kim, M., & Hwang, J. (2018) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2018/6172954 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Burón, M., Palomares, T., Garrido, P., de la Parte, B. H., Garcı́a-Alonso, I., & Alonso‐Varona, A. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11102011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jung, J. M., Choi, J. K., Kwon, O. Y., & Lee, S. H. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27123803 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Xiong, L. H., Wang, L., Zhou, J., Wang, F., Luo, F., & Shen, X. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d4fo04202f · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kim, H. M., Zheng, Q., Oh, S., Zheng, S., Kim, M., & Yi, T. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app131810425 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationAnsari, R., Farooq, U., Ali, A., Abbas, M. H., Fairy, F., Hamidullah, C. A. R., Jain, P., Mirza, M. A., & Iqbal, Z. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125559 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wongrattanakamon, P., Nimmanpipug, P., Sirithunyalug, B., Saenjum, C., & Jiranusornkul, S. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-018-3451-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Brinza, I., Boiangiu, R. Ş., Todirașcu-Ciornea, E., Hriţcu, L., & Dumitru, G. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30132858 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gul, A., Memtily, N., Mijit, P., Imin, M., Rui, H., Wushuer, P., & Talifu, A. (2019) · Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine · doi:10.1142/s2575900019500113 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bai, Y.-L., Han, L., Wang, B.-X., & Wang, H.-Z. (2022) · doi:10.22541/au.166127087.73178720/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bakhtyari, L., Shirbeigi, L., Tabarrai, M., Rahimi, R., & Ayatollahi, A. (2023) · Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products · doi:10.5812/jjnpp-138392 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Oh, J. H., Karadeniz, F., Kim, H. R., Kong, C. S., & Seo, Y. W. (2022) · Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science · doi:10.7783/kjmcs.2022.30.5.366 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stem Cell Therapy in Telemedicine and Technological Advances in Dermatology
Kaiser, M., & Badiavas, E. V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69091-4_27
梁, 雪. (2024) · Traditional Chinese Medicine · doi:10.12677/tcm.2024.1311451
Jung, J. M., Kwon, O. Y., Choi, J. K., & Lee, S. H. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21162589
Du, Y., Wang, L., Ouyang, Y., Chen, Q., Liu, Z., & Liu, Z. (2026) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.5c02104
Tian, Y., Zhang, Y., Gao, Q., Zhang, P., You, L., Huang, R., Zhang, A., & Wen, E. (2026) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2026.158305
- Authors
- Sun, Z., Park, S. Y., Hwang, E., Park, B., Seo, S. A., Cho, J.-G., Zhang, M., & Yi, T.-H.
- Affiliations
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Yi, Tae-Hoo
- Venue
- Phytomedicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1273-1284
- ISSN
- 0944-7113 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2462600012
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 9.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytomedicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- fennel, fennel extract, photoaging, UVB irradiation, Nrf2, MAPK signaling, ERK, p38 MAPK, reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinases, collagen, elastin, TGF-β1, dermal fibroblasts, photoprotection, botanical medicine
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Diet, Fibroblasts, Humans, Phosphorylation, Plant Extracts, Radiation-Protective Agents, Seeds, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, Skin Aging, Gene Expression, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Foeniculum, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, NF-E2-Related Factor 2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review