Matrix-Degrading Metalloproteinases in Photoaging
Open accessAbstract
UV radiation from the sun impacts skin health adversely through complex, multiple molecular pathways. Premature skin aging (photoaging) is among the most widely appreciated harmful effects of chronic exposure to solar UV radiation. Extensive damage to the dermal connective tissue is a hallmark of photoaged skin. Disruption of the normal architecture of skin connective tissue impairs skin function and causes it to look aged. UV irradiation induces expression of certain members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, which degrade collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins that comprise the dermal connective tissue. Although the critical role of MMPs in photoaging is undeniable, important questions remain. This article summarizes our current understanding of the role of MMPs in the photoaging process and presents new data that (1) describe the expression and regulation by UV irradiation of all members of the MMP family in human skin in vivo and (2) quantify the relative contributions of epidermis and dermis to the expression of UV irradiation-induced MMPs in human skin in vivo.Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (2009) 14, 20-24; doi:10.1038/jidsymp.2009.8.
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Different MMPs generally have distinct effects and may participate in both inflammation initiation and resolution.
“Different MMPs generally have distinct effects and may participate in both inflammation initiation and resolution ( 37 )”
From Photorepair of Either CPD or 6-4PP DNA Lesions in Basal Keratinocytes Attenuates Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Effects in Nucleotide Excision Repair Deficient Mice (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
The section on MMP gene expression in human skin distinguishes MMPs by substrate specificity and describes different roles for MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in collagen degradation. It lists inflammation among processes involving MMPs, but does not say they initiate or resolve inflammation. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMMPs are a group of enzymes activated by UV radiation that contribute significantly to the degradation of collagen and other structural proteins in the dermis, leading to visible signs of photoaging such as wrinkles, laxity, and uneven texture.
“MMPs are a group of enzymes activated by UV radiation that contribute significantly to the degradation of collagen and other structural proteins in the dermis, leading to visible signs of photoaging such as wrinkles, laxity, and uneven texture.”
From A Comprehensive Review of the Role of UV Radiation in Photoaging Processes Between Different Types of Skin (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredUV-induced oxidative stress upregulates MMPs, particularly MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9, which break down type I and III collagen fibers in the skin.
“UV-induced oxidative stress upregulates MMPs, particularly MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9, which break down type I and III collagen fibers in the skin [68].”
From A Comprehensive Review of the Role of UV Radiation in Photoaging Processes Between Different Types of Skin (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
The section on MMP gene expression in UV-irradiated human skin (page unavailable) reports that UV induces MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9; MMP-1 cleaves type I and III collagen, which MMP-3 and MMP-9 can further degrade. It describes UV-induced AP-1 activation but does not establish oxidative stress as the mechanism of MMP upregulation. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOne mechanism responsible for increased protein degradation in photoageing results from activation of proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases.
“One of the mechanisms responsible for increased protein degradation in photoageing results from the activation of proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [25, 51, 52].”
From Elastin structure and its involvement in skin photoageing (2017) · cites this paper as [52]
Photoprotection strategies, including broad-spectrum sunscreens and antioxidant-enriched skincare, have been shown to mitigate MMP activation and preserve dermal integrity.
“Photoprotection strategies, including broad-spectrum sunscreens and antioxidant-enriched skincare, have been shown to mitigate MMP activation and preserve dermal integrity.”
From A Comprehensive Review of the Role of UV Radiation in Photoaging Processes Between Different Types of Skin (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
The Introduction and the section on MMP gene expression explain that UV exposure induces MMPs that damage dermal collagen. Our copy does not report that broad-spectrum sunscreens or antioxidant-enriched skincare reduce MMP activation or preserve dermal integrity; searches for “sunscreen” and “antioxidant” found no relevant passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Among MMPs, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 play major roles in skin photoaging.
“Among MMPs, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 play major roles in skin photoaging.”
From Boosting the Photoaged Skin: The Potential Role of Dietary Components (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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Nakyai, W., Tissot, M., Humbert, P., Grandmottet, F., Viyoch, J., & Viennet, C. (2018) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12895 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Quan, T., Qin, Z., Xia, W., Shao, Y., Voorhees, J. J., & Fisher, G. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fisher, Gary J.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-24
- ISSN
- 1087-0024 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2909639
- OpenAlex
- W2024837178
- Cited by
- 740
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 45.36
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG025186)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Keywords
- photoaging, matrix metalloproteinases, ultraviolet radiation, skin aging, dermal connective tissue, collagen degradation, extracellular matrix, epidermis, dermis
- MeSH terms
- Epidermis, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, Skin Aging, Gene Expression, Matrix Metalloproteinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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