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Cited by 230Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and Training

Principles of exercise physiology: responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training

Rivera‐Brown, Anita M., Frontera, Walter R.·2012·PM&R
DOI 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.10.007
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Abstract

Physical activity and fitness are associated with a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure, and diabetes. This review discusses the body's response to an acute bout of exercise and long-term physiological adaptations to exercise training with an emphasis on endurance exercise. An overview is provided of skeletal muscle actions, muscle fiber types, and the major metabolic pathways involved in energy production. The importance of adequate fluid intake during exercise sessions to prevent impairments induced by dehydration on endurance exercise, muscular power, and strength is discussed. Physiological adaptations that result from regular exercise training such as increases in cardiorespiratory capacity and strength are mentioned. The review emphasizes the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations that lead to improvements in maximal oxygen capacity.

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  • A period of endurance training leads to improvements in blood flow, mitochondrial content and an improved ability to extract and utilise oxygen during exercise.

    “At the level of the muscle a period of endurance training leads to improvements in blood flow, mitochondrial content and an improved ability to extract and utilise oxygen during exercise [7].”

    From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [7]

  • Structured endurance training leads to improvements in fatigue resistance partly by altering the phenotype of the skeletal muscle performing the work.

    “Structured endurance training leads to improvements in fatigue resistance partly by altering the phenotype of the skeletal muscle performing the work [7].”

    From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [7]

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Authors
Rivera‐Brown, A. M., & Frontera, W. R.
Affiliations
University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus (PR)
Corresponding author
Rivera‐Brown, Anita M.
ORCID
Venue
PM&R
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-11
Volume
4
Issue
11
Pages
797-804
ISSN
  • 1934-1482 (ISSN-L)
  • 1934-1563
DOI
10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.10.007
OpenAlex
W2092211000
Cited by
228
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
FWCI
1.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 19 d)
Locations
  • PM&R (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
acute exercise response, training effects, endurance exercise, skeletal muscle, muscle fiber type, energy metabolism, dehydration, fluid intake, cardiorespiratory capacity, muscle strength, cardiovascular adaptation, metabolic adaptation
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Adenosine Triphosphate, Age Factors, Blood Pressure, Cardiac Output, Dehydration, Energy Metabolism, Glycolysis, Heart Rate, Humans, Mitochondria, Muscle, Muscle Contraction, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Oxygen Consumption, Phosphocreatine, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Physical Fitness, Plasma Volume, Sex Factors, Exercise, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Lactic Acid

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