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Barrel cortex function
Open accessAbstract
Neocortex, the neuronal structure at the base of the remarkable cognitive skills of mammals, is a layered sheet of neuronal tissue composed of juxtaposed and interconnected columns. A cortical column is considered the basic module of cortical processing present in all cortical areas. It is believed to contain a characteristic microcircuit composed of a few thousand neurons. The high degree of cortical segmentation into vertical columns and horizontal layers is a boon for scientific investigation because it eases the systematic dissection and functional analysis of intrinsic as well as extrinsic connections of the column. In this review we will argue that in order to understand neocortical function one needs to combine a microscopic view, elucidating the workings of the local columnar microcircuits, with a macroscopic view, which keeps track of the linkage of distant cortical modules in different behavioral contexts. We will exemplify this strategy using the model system of vibrissal touch in mice and rats. On the macroscopic level vibrissal touch is an important sense for the subterranean rodents and has been honed by evolution to serve an array of distinct behaviors. Importantly, the vibrissae are moved actively to touch - requiring intricate sensorimotor interactions. Vibrissal touch, therefore, offers ample opportunities to relate different behavioral contexts to specific interactions of distant columns. On the microscopic level, the cortical modules in primary somatosensory cortex process touch inputs at highest magnification and discreteness - each whisker is represented by its own so-called barrel column. The cellular composition, intrinsic connectivity and functional aspects of the barrel column have been studied in great detail. Building on the versatility of genetic tools available in rodents, new, highly selective and flexible cellular and molecular tools to monitor and manipulate neuronal activity have been devised. Researchers have started to combine these with advanced and highly precise behavioral methods, on par with the precision known from monkey preparations. Therefore, the vibrissal touch model system is exquisitely positioned to combine the microscopic with the macroscopic view and promises to be instrumental in our understanding of neocortical function.
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“Most information about whisker contact with objects is relayed through lemniscal pathway (8, 15, 43) (Fig. 5A).”
From Neural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
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Citations
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Self-citationActivity in Barrel Cortex Related to Trace Eyeblink Conditioning
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Self-citationNeural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex
Armstrong, A. G., & Vlasov, Y. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2514107123 · Cited by 1
“Most information about whisker contact with objects is relayed through lemniscal pathway (8, 15, 43) (Fig.”
Feyerabend, M., Witte, M., Möck, M., & Staiger, J. F. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112539 · Cited by 1
“13,14 18 However, much less is known on the innervation of GABAergic interneurons by the second major source of thalamic projections, the POm.”
Self-citationArmstrong, A. G., & Vlasov, Y. (2026) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0930-25.2026 · Cited by 1
Synapses: Multitasking Global Players in the Brain
Lübke, J. H. R., & Rollenhagen, A. (2019) · e-Neuroforum · doi:10.1515/nf-2019-0015 · Cited by 1
“Meanwhile numerous publications described structural and functional aspects of synaptic transmission and plasticity in different layers mainly in the rodent neocortex using paired or multiple recordings and subsequent morphological analysis of synaptically coupled pairs filled with biocytin or fluorescent dyes during…”
BackgroundMethodAmygdala and Cortex Relationships during Learning of a Sensory Discrimination Task
Levitan, D., & Gilad, A. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0125-24.2024 · Cited by 3
Luhmann, H. J., & Sinning, A. (2020) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2020.07.002 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSensory Inflow from Whiskers Modulates Development of Absence Epilepsy in WAG/Rij Rats
Sitnikova, E., Smirnov, K., & Raevsky, V. V. (2021) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71637-0_59 · Cited by 1
The Role of Perineuronal Nets in Regulating Barrel Cortex Physiology
Chu, P. (2015) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) · Cited by 1
Opposing Influence of Sensory and Motor Cortical Input on Striatal Circuitry and Choice BehaviorPreprint
Lee, C. R., Yonk, A. J., Wiskerke, J., Paradiso, K. G., Tepper, J. M., & Margolis, D. J. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/446708 · Cited by 1
Experience-related alterations in white matter structure and gene expression in adult ratsPreprint
Vallès, A., Sampaio‐Baptista, C., Khrapitchev, A. A., Akkermans, G., Winkler, A. M., Foxley, S., Sibson, N. R., Roberts, M. J., Miller, K. L., Diamond, M. E., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/532572 · Cited by 1
“These are relevant WM regions for the texture detection task, in the light of the barrel cortex’s role in somatosensory information processing (for review see (Feldmeyer et al., 2013)).”
BackgroundFazlali, Z., & Ranjbar-Slamloo, Y. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.19.444702
Thunemann, M., Hossain, L., Ness, T. V., Rogers, N., Lee, K., Lee, S. H., Kılıç, K., Oh, H., Economo, M. N., Gilja, V., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506113 · Cited by 1
“This is consistent with the well-known whisker representation map within the whisker-barrel cortex (Feldmeyer et al 2013).”
ResultLiu, Y., Bech, P., Tamura, K., Délez, L. T., Crochet, S., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.97602.1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDecoupling synaptic weight and connection sparsity reveals asymmetric control of network dynamicsPreprint
Tompos, T., Zeldenrust, F., & Celikel, T. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.02.646896 · Cited by 2
Retrosplenial cortex enables context-dependent goal-directed sensorimotor transformationPreprint
Bech, P., Dard, R. F., Lebert, J. M., Smith, L., Bisi, A., Renard, A., Crochet, S., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.109717 · Cited by 1
Self-citationRegulation of Cortical Circuit Formation
Rodríguez-Tornos, F. M., Cubelos, B., & Nieto, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54496-8_6
Barz, C. S. (2014) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20140630cb
Role of Reelin in synaptogenesis and synaptic stabilization in the adult brain
Piñol, C. B. (2014) · Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona)
Cell Types in the Cerebral Cortex: An Overview from the Rat Vibrissal Cortex
Egger, R., & Oberlaender, M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397025-1.00200-1
Circuit plasticity during up-states in mouse barrel cortex
Oliveira, E. L. (2015) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Imaging the Cortical Representation of Active Sensing in the Vibrissa System
Helmchen, F., & Chen, J. L. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2975-7_5
Self-citationMorphometric analysis of feedforward pathways from the primary somatosensory area (S1) of rats
de Sá, A. L., Bahia, C. P., Corrêa, V. C., Dias, I. A., Batista, C. D. S., Gomes‐Leal, W., de Pinho, A. L. S., Houzel, J., Diniz, C. W. P., & Pereira, A. (2016) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/1414-431x20155115
“synaptic connection in the brainstem trigeminal nuclei and the thalamus before reaching the cortex (for reviews, see Petersen, 2007; Feldmeyer et al., 2013).”
BackgroundGuy, J. (2016) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-5642
Bakalar, D. (2015) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Sood, M. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Temporal Dynamics of Cortical Adaptation
Dalefield, M. L. (2015) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University) · doi:10.25911/5d76327ce7f53
Synaptic Zinc and Cortical Sensory Processing in the Laboratory Mouse
Wu, H.-P. P. (2014) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/27948
“The barrel cortex allows for compartmentalized examination of study of experience-dependent plasticity in the cortex (Feldmeyer et al., 2013).”
BackgroundStochastic and complex dynamics in mesoscopic brain networks
Guasch, D. M. I. (2017) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-106273
Humanes-Valera, D., Aguila, J., Gondzik, V., Moxon, K. A., Schwarz, M. K., & Krieger, P. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/215558
“It has been shown that, for MCx, direct inputs are from both SCx, predominately from layers 2/3 and 5 (Mao et al., 2011) and sub-cortical structures (Cicirata et al., 1986; Aldes, 1988; Chakrabarti and Alloway, 2006; Feldmeyer et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMethodAdaptation of whisker movements requires cerebellar potentiation
Romano, V., Propris, L. D., Bosman, L. W. J., & Warnaar, P. (2018) · doi:10.26226/morressier.5b31ec692afeeb001345b310
“…is relatively well 28 established (Kleinfeld et al., 1999; Brecht, 2007; Bosman et al., 2011; Petreanu et al., 2012; 29 Diamond and Arabzadeh, 2013; Feldmeyer et al., 2013; Guo et al., 2014; Petersen, 2014; 30 Deschênes et al., 2016), that of the cerebellum in learning how to adapt these movements…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Feldmeyer, D., Brecht, M., Helmchen, F., Petersen, C. C. H., Poulet, J. F. A., Staiger, J. F., Luhmann, H. J., & Schwarz, C.
- Affiliations
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Max Delbrück Center (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schwarz, Cornelius
- ORCID
- Venue
- Progress in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 103
- Pages
- 3-27
- ISSN
- 0301-0082 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119610099
- Cited by
- 354
- References
- 338
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 16
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Progress in Neurobiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- GRO (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR 1341)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- barrel cortex, barrel columns, neocortex, whisker representation, primary somatosensory cortex, cortical microcircuits, sensorimotor integration, genetic instruments, rodent behavior, cortical connectivity
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Somatosensory Cortex, Vibrissae, Neocortex, Mice, Rats, Touch Perception
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