NEURONAL CIRCUITS OF THE NEOCORTEX

Douglas, Rodney J.; Martin, Kevan A.C.

doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144152

Cited by 1,886Neural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchVisual perception and processing mechanisms

NEURONAL CIRCUITS OF THE NEOCORTEX

Douglas, Rodney J., Martin, Kevan A.C.·2004·Annual Review of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144152

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

▪ Abstract We explore the extent to which neocortical circuits generalize, i.e., to what extent can neocortical neurons and the circuits they form be considered as canonical? We find that, as has long been suspected by cortical neuroanatomists, the same basic laminar and tangential organization of the excitatory neurons of the neocortex is evident wherever it has been sought. Similarly, the inhibitory neurons show characteristic morphology and patterns of connections throughout the neocortex. We offer a simple model of cortical processing that is consistent with the major features of cortical circuits: The superficial layer neurons within local patches of cortex, and within areas, cooperate to explore all possible interpretations of different cortical input and cooperatively select an interpretation consistent with their various cortical and subcortical inputs.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144152

Cites

189 of 189 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

L5 pyramidal cells are the main output neurons of the PFC.
“We chose to study L5 cells, because these are the main output neurons of the PFC (Douglas and Martin, 2004).”
From Social Play Behavior Is Critical for the Development of Prefrontal Inhibitory Synapses and Cognitive Flexibility in Rats (2022) · cites this paper as Douglas and Martin, 2004
The relative homogeneity of the two largest neuronal structures (cerebellar cortex and cortex) is striking and suggests an evolutionary expansion of a canonical cortical blueprint.
“the relative homogeneity of the two largest neuronal structures, with ~69 billion (cerebellar cortex) and ~16 billion (cortex) neurons out of the 86 billion neurons in the human brain33, is striking and suggests an evolutionary expansion of a canonical cortical blueprint34.”
From An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
Layer 4 receives most thalamocortical input and has a prominent role in initial sensory processing.
“Layer 4 receives the vast majority of thalamocortical input, and so it plays a prominent role in the initial processing of sensory information (Douglas and Martin, 2004).”
From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Douglas and Martin, 2004
The concept of modular organization of cortical architecture dates back more than four decades.
“The concept of ‘modular organization’ of cortical architecture dates back more than four decades52,53,54.”
From The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements (2019) · cites this paper as [53]
The communication element definition of neuron types should facilitate the delineation of higher-level modular organization of neural circuit architecture by clarifying the developmental genetic basis of elemental building blocks.
“Thus, the communication element definition of neuron types should facilitate the delineation of higher-level modular organization of neural circuit architecture24,53 by clarifying the developmental genetic basis of elemental building blocks.”
From The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements (2019) · cites this paper as [53]

Layer 2 and 3 neurons mainly mediate intracortical connections both locally and distantly.
“Layer 2 and 3 neurons mainly mediate intracortical connections both locally and distantly.”
From Large-Scale Cellular-Resolution Gene Profiling in Human Neocortex Reveals Species-Specific Molecular Signatures (2012) · cites this paper as Douglas and Martin, 2004
Cortical excitatory neurons in different layers have differential input/output connections and play distinct roles in cortical circuits.
“Cortical excitatory neurons in different layers are believed to have differential input/output connections and play distinct roles in the cortical circuits (Douglas and Martin, 2004).”
From Large-Scale Cellular-Resolution Gene Profiling in Human Neocortex Reveals Species-Specific Molecular Signatures (2012) · cites this paper as Douglas and Martin, 2004
Layer 5 and 6 neurons mainly send output projections to various subcortical and contralateral regions.
“Layer 5 and 6 neurons mainly send output projections to various subcortical and contralateral regions.”
From Large-Scale Cellular-Resolution Gene Profiling in Human Neocortex Reveals Species-Specific Molecular Signatures (2012) · cites this paper as Douglas and Martin, 2004
Layer 4 neurons are the main targets of thalamocortical inputs.
“Layer 4 neurons are the main targets of thalamocortical inputs.”
From Large-Scale Cellular-Resolution Gene Profiling in Human Neocortex Reveals Species-Specific Molecular Signatures (2012) · cites this paper as Douglas and Martin, 2004
The brain contains highly conserved structures, e.g., cortex, where it is theorized that a similar type of learning and/or computation is happening in multiple places.
“Looking at the brain, we indeed seem to find highly conserved structures, e.g., cortex, where it is theorized that a similar type of learning and/or computation is happening in multiple places (Braitenberg and Schutz, 1991; Douglas and Martin, 2004).”
From Toward an integration of deep learning and neuroscience (2016) · cites this paper as Douglas and Martin, 2004
The theory presented in this paper can be useful in the modeling of physiological phenomena.
“In addition to providing a template for understanding cortical circuits [15], the theory presented here can be useful in the modeling of physiological phenomena.”
From Towards a mathematical theory of cortical micro-circuits (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
The major projection (output) of layer 4 stellate neurons is to layer 3 cells.
“The major projection (output) of layer 4 stellate neurons is to layer 3 cells [15].”
From Towards a mathematical theory of cortical micro-circuits (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
Layer 6 is a primary source of cortical feedback connections.
“Layer 6 is known to be a primary source of cortical feedback connections [15].”
From Towards a mathematical theory of cortical micro-circuits (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
Most inter-laminar and long-distance connections within a cortical area are provided by spiny excitatory neurons, whereas smooth inhibitory interneurons more prevalently connect locally within their layer of origin.
“most of the inter-laminar and long distance connections within a cortical area are provided by the spiny excitatory neurons, whereas the smooth inhibitory interneurons more prevalently connect locally within their layer of origin.”
From Towards a mathematical theory of cortical micro-circuits (2009) · cites this paper as [15]
Excitatory cells connect long distance in both vertical and lateral dimensions and their activity is molded by local inhibitory neurons.
“It is the excitatory cells that connect long distance in both vertical and lateral dimensions and their activity is then molded by local inhibitory neurons [15].”
From Towards a mathematical theory of cortical micro-circuits (2009) · cites this paper as [15]

Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex
Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1962) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006837 · Cited by 13,680 · see citing works
Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783 · see citing works
Preface: Cerebral Cortex Has Come of Age
Goldman, P. S., & RAKIC, P. T. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1-a · Cited by 3,412 · see citing works
Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex
Riesenhuber, M., & Poggio, T. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/14819 · Cited by 3,309 · see citing works
Neuromorphic electronic systems
Mead, C. (1990) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.58356 · Cited by 2,368 · see citing works
The Handbook of brain theory and neural networks
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-0300 · Cited by 1,540 · see citing works
GABAergic cell subtypes and their synaptic connections in rat frontal cortex
Kawaguchi, Y. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.6.476 · Cited by 1,416 · see citing works
Histologie du Système Nerveux de Lʼhomme et des Vertébrés
MNH, &. (1998) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199809000-00011 · Cited by 1,351 · see citing works
Columnar specificity of intrinsic horizontal and corticocortical connections in cat visual cortex
Gilbert, C., & Wiesel, T. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-07-02432.1989 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
Concurrent overproduction of synapses in diverse regions of the primate cerebral cortex
Rakic, P., Bourgeois, J.-P., Eckenhoff, M. F., Zecevic, N., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3952506 · Cited by 1,133 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…cells, can vary widely from area to area or species to species (see Elston 2002), other parameters, such as the overall density of synapses, shows remarkably little variance from area to area in different species (Cragg 1967, O'Kusky & Colonnier 1982, Rakic et al. 1986, Schuz & Palm 1989).”
Background
Orientation Selectivity and the Arrangement of Horizontal Connections in Tree Shrew Striate Cortex
Bosking, W. H., Zhang, Y., Schofield, B. R., & Fitzpatrick, D. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-06-02112.1997 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works
Laminar origins and terminations of cortical connections of the occipital lobe in the rhesus monkey
Rockland, K. S., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90485-2 · Cited by 1,076 · see citing works
The visual field representation in striate cortex of the macaque monkey: Asymmetries, anisotropies, and individual variability
Essen, D. C. V., Newsome, W. T., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1984) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(84)90041-5 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Common cortical and subcortical targets of the dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices in the rhesus monkey: evidence for a distributed neural network subserving spatially guided behavior
Selemon, L. D., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1988) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-11-04049.1988 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Functional specialisation in the visual cortex of the rhesus monkey
Zeki, S. M. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/274423a0 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Functional organization of thalamocortical relays
Sherman, S. M., & Guillery, R. W. (1996) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1367 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Selection of Intrinsic Horizontal Connections in the Visual Cortex by Correlated Neuronal Activity
Löwel, S., & Singer, W. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1372754 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Different populations of GABAergic neurons in the visual cortex and hippocampus of cat contain somatostatin- or cholecystokinin- immunoreactive material
Somogyi, P., Hodgson, A., Smith, A. D., Nunzi, M. G., Gorio, A., & Wu, J. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-10-02590.1984 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
The projections of cells in different layers of the cat's visual cortex
Gilbert, C. D., & Kelly, J. P. (1975) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901630106 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Microstructure of the neocortex: comparative aspects
DeFelipe, J., Alonso-Nanclares, L., & Arellano, J. I. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1024130211265 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
The origin of efferent pathways from the primary visual cortex, area 17, of the macaque monkey as shown by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase
Lund, J. S., Lund, R. D., Hendrickson, A. E., Milam, A. H., & Fuchs, A. F. (1975) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901640303 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
LOCAL CIRCUITS IN PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX OF THE MACAQUE MONKEY
Callaway, E. M. (1998) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.47 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Relationship between intrinsic connections and functional architecture revealed by optical imaging and in vivo targeted biocytin injections in primate striate cortex.
Malach, R., Amir, Y., Harel, M., & Grinvald, A. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.22.10469 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Varieties and distribution of non‐pyramidal cells in the somatic sensory cortex of the squirrel monkey
Jones, E. G. (1975) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901600204 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Horizontal integration and cortical dynamics
Gilbert, C. D. (1992) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(92)90215-y · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
Rockland, K. S., & Lund, J. S. (1983) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902160307 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Form, function and intracortical projections of spiny neurones in the striate visual cortex of the cat.
Martin, K. A. C., & Whitteridge, D. (1984) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015347 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Self-citation
A canonical microcircuit for neocortex
Douglas, R. J., Martin, K. A. C., & Whitteridge, D. (1989) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.480 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Self-citation
Two classes of cortical GABA neurons defined by differential calcium binding protein immunoreactivities
Hendry, S. H. C., Jones, E. G., Emson, P. C., Lawson, D. E. M., Heizmann, C. W., & Streit, P. (1989) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00247904 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Interneurons containing calretinin are specialized to control other interneurons in the rat hippocampus
Gulyás, A. I., Hájos, N., & Freund, T. F. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-10-03397.1996 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Orientation selectivity, preference, and continuity in monkey striate cortex
Blasdel, G. G. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-08-03139.1992 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
Stettler, D. D., Das, A., Bennett, J., & Gilbert, C. D. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01029-2 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Functional anatomy of macaque striate cortex. II. Retinotopic organization
Tootell, R. B. H., Switkes, E., Silverman, M. S., & Hamilton, S. (1988) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-05-01531.1988 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Local circuit neurons immunoreactive for calretinin, calbindin D‐28k or parvalbumin in monkey prefronatal cortex: Distribution and morphology
Condé, F., Lund, J. S., Jacobowitz, D. M., Baimbridge, K. G., & Lewis, D. A. (1994) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903410109 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Wiring Optimization in Cortical Circuits
Chklovskii, D. B., Schikorski, T., & Stevens, C. F. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00679-7 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Size, laminar and columnar distribution of efferent cells in the sensory‐motor cortex of monkeys
Jones, E. G., & Wise, S. P. (1977) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901750403 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Dendritic asymmetry cannot account for directional responses of neurons in visual cortex
Anderson, J. C., Binzegger, T., Kahana, O., Martin, K. A. C., & Segev, I. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/12194 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Self-citation
A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and great apes
Nimchinsky, E. A., Gilissen, E., Allman, J. M., Perl, D. P., Erwin, J. M., & Hof, P. R. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.5268 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Microcircuitry of the Visual Cortex
Gilbert, C. D. (1983) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.06.030183.001245 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Excitatory synaptic inputs to spiny stellate cells in cat visual cortex
Stratford, K. J., Tarczy‐Hornoch, K., Martin, K. A. C., Bannister, N. J., & Jack, J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382258a0 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Self-citation
Synaptic connections of morphologically identified and physiologically characterized large basket cells in the striate cortex of cat
Somogyi, P., Kisvárday, Z. F., Martin, K. A. C., & Whitteridge, D. (1983) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90133-1 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Ferrier Lecture, 1977 The neuron network of the cerebral cortex: a functional interpretation
Szentágothai, J. (1978) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1978.0043 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Morphology, distribution, and synaptic relations of somatostatin- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons in rat and monkey neocortex
Hendry, S., Jones, E. G., & Emson, P. C. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-10-02497.1984 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Histological Studies on the Localization of Cerebral Function
Coriat, I. H., & Campbell, A. W. (1906) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1412355 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Relationship of intrinsic connections to forelimb movement representations in monkey motor cortex: a correlative anatomic and physiological study
Huntley, G. W., & Jones, E. G. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.2.390 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Parvalbumin, somatostatin and cholecystokinin as chemical markers for specific GABAergic interneuron types in the rat frontal cortex
Kawaguchi, Y., & Kondo, S. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1024126110356 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Comparison of Intrinsic Connectivity in Different Areas of Macaque Monkey Cerebral Cortex
Lund, J. S., Yoshioka, T., & Levitt, J. B. (1993) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/3.2.148 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Density of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex of the mouse
Schüz, A., & Palm, G. (1989) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902860404 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Anatomical, Physiological, Molecular and Circuit Properties of Nest Basket Cells in the Developing Somatosensory Cortex
Wang, Y. (2002) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/12.4.395 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Neocortical neuronal diversity: chemical heterogeneity revealed by colocalization studies of classic neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, calcium-binding proteins, and cell surface molecules.
DeFelipe, J. (1993) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/3.4.273 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Efficacy of thalamocortical and intracortical synaptic connections: quanta, innervation, and reliability.
Gil, Z., Connors, B. W., & Amitai, Y. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80788-6 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Local circuitry of identified projection neurons in cat visual cortex brain slices
Katz, L. C. (1987) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-04-01223.1987 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Two types of cholinergic innervation in cortex, one co-localized with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
Eckenstein, F., & Baughman, R. W. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/309153a0 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
On the Computational Power of Winner-Take-All
Maass, W. (2000) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976600300014827 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Exploring the Thalamus
(2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-305460-9.x5013-8 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Constraints on cortical and thalamic projections: the no-strong-loops hypothesis
Crick, F., & Koch, C. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/34584 · Cited by 353 · cited 2× · see citing works
“F or p er so na l u se o nl y. NEOCORTICAL CIRCUITS 427 consideration of the long-distance synaptic projections from cortex to thalamus (Crick & Koch 1998, Sherman & Guillery 1996).”
Background
Polyneuronal innervation of spiny stellate neurons in cat visual cortex
Ahmed, B., Anderson, J. C., Douglas, R. J., Martin, K. A. C., & Nelson, J. C. (1994) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903410105 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Self-citation
Visualization of chandelier cell axons by parvalbumin immunoreactivity in monkey cerebral cortex.
DeFelipe, J., Hendry, S. H. C., & Jones, E. G. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.6.2093 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Anatomical organization of the primary visual cortex (area 17) of the cat. A comparison with area 17 of the macaque monkey
Lund, J. S., Henry, G. H., Macqueen, C. L., & Harvey, A. R. (1979) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901840402 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
A laminar analysis of the number of neurons, glia, and synapses in the visual cortex (area 17) of adult macaque monkeys
OʼKusky, J. R., & Colonnier, M. (1982) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902100307 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Emergence and refinement of clustered horizontal connections in cat striate cortex
Callaway, E. M., & Katz, L. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-04-01134.1990 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
An experimental study of the termination of the lateral geniculo–cortical pathway in the cat and monkey
Garey, L. J., & Powell, T. P. S. (1971) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1971.0080 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Synapse-specific localization of NMDA and GABAA receptor subunits revealed by antigen-retrieval immunohistochemistry
Fritschy, J., Weinmann, O., Wenzel, A., & Benke, D. (1998) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980112)390:2 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
The pyramidal cell in cognition: a comparative study in human and monkey
Elston, G. N., Benavides-Piccione, R., & DeFelipe, J. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-17-j0002.2001 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Intrinsic circuit organization of the major layers and sublayers of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey
Kritzer, M. F., & Goldman‐Rakic, P. S. (1995) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903590109 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Laminar distribution of neurons in extrastriate areas projecting to visual areas V1 and V4 correlates with the hierarchical rank and indicates the operation of a distance rule
Barone, P., Batardiere, A., Knoblauch, K., & Kennedy, H. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-09-03263.2000 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Substance P in the ascending cholinergic reticular system
Vincent, S. R., Satoh, K., Armstrong, D. M., & Fibiger, H. C. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/306688a0 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Pyramidal Cells of the Frontal Lobe: All the More Spinous to Think With
Elston, G. N. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-18-j0002.2000 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
A double-labeling investigation of the afferent connectivity to cortical areas V1 and V2 of the macaque monkey
Kennedy, H., & Bullier, J. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-10-02815.1985 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Calcium‐binding proteins as markers for subpopulations of GABAergic neurons in monkey striate cortex
van Brederode, J. F. M., Mulligan, K. A., & Hendrickson, A. E. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902980102 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Intrinsic connections of macaque striate cortex: afferent and efferent connections of lamina 4C
Fitzpatrick, D., Lund, J. S., & Blasdel, G. G. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-12-03329.1985 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Specificity of intrinsic connections in primate primary visual cortex
Livingstone, M. S., & Hubel, D. H. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-11-02830.1984 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Intracortical Axonal Projections of Lamina VI Cells of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex in the Rat: A Single-Cell Labeling Study
Zhang, Z., & Deschênes, M. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-16-06365.1997 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Pattern in the laminar origin of corticocortical connections
Barbas, H. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902520310 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Cortical hierarchy reflected in the organization of intrinsic connections in macaque monkey visual cortex
Amir, Y., Harel, M., & Malach, R. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903340103 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Quantitative distribution of GABA-immunopositive and-immunonegative neurons and synapses in the monkey striate cortex (area 17)
Beaulieu, C., Kisvarday, Z., Somogyi, P., Cynader, M., & Cowey, A. (1992) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/2.4.295 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
The intrinsic, association and commissural connections of area 17 of the visual cortex
Fisken, R. A., Garey, L. J., & Powell, T. P. S. (1975) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1975.0099 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Topography of pyramidal neuron intrinsic connections in macaque monkey prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 46)
Levitt, J. B., Lewis, D. A., Yoshioka, T., & Lund, J. S. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903380304 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Projections of the sexually dimorphic anteroventral periventricular nucleus in the female rat
Gu, G. B., & Simerly, R. B. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970721)384:1 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Seeing beyond the receptive field in primary visual cortex
Fitzpatrick, D. (2000) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00113-6 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The density of synapses and neurones in the motor and visual areas of the cerebral cortex.
Cragg, B. G. (1967) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Calretinin and calbindin-D28k in rat brain: Patterns of partial co-localization
ROGERS, J. H., & Résibois, A. (1992) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90525-7 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Orientation-specific relationship between populations of excitatory and inhibitory lateral connections in the visual cortex of the cat
Kisvárday, Z. F. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.7.605 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Combined golgi and electron microscopic study on the synapses formed by double bouquet cells in the visual cortex of the cat and monkey
Somogyi, P., & Cowey, A. (1981) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901950402 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
A microcolumnar structure of monkey cerebral cortex revealed by immunocytochemical studies of double bouquet cell axons
DeFelipe, J., Hendry, S. H. C., Hashikawa, T., Molinari, M., & Jones, E. G. (1990) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90097-n · Cited by 231 · see citing works
In vivo morphometry of the intrasulcal gray matter in the human cingulate, paracingulate, and superior-rostral sulci: Hemispheric asymmetries, gender differences and probability maps
Paus, T., Otaky, N., Caramanos, Z., MacDonald, D. J., Zijdenbos, A. P., d'Avirro, D., Gutmans, D. S., Holmes, C. J., Tomaiuolo, F., & Evans, A. C. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19961223)376:4 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Synapses of double bouquet cells in monkey cerebral cortex visualized by calbindin immunoreactivity
DeFelipe, J., Hendry, S. H. C., & Jones, E. G. (1989) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91702-2 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
The Functional Organization of Local Circuits in Visual Cortex: Insights from the Study of Tree Shrew Striate Cortex
Fitzpatrick, D. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.3.329 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Recollections of My Life
y Cajal, S. R. (1989) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5817.001.0001 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Intrinsic connections of rat primary visual cortex: Laminar organization of axonal projections
Burkhalter, A. (1989) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902790202 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of chandelier neurons in monkey neocortex: Corticotropin‐releasing factor‐and parvalbumin‐immunoreactive populations
Lewis, D. A., & Lund, J. S. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902930406 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Neuronal branching patterns and the economy of cortical wiring
Mitchison, G. (1991) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1991.0102 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Cell Type-Specific Circuits of Cortical Layer IV Spiny Neurons
Schubert, D., Kötter, R., Zilles, K., Luhmann, H. J., & Staiger, J. F. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-07-02961.2003 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
GABAergic neurons of mammalian cerebral cortex: Widespread subclass defined by somatostatin content
Schmechel, D. E., Vickrey, B. G., Fitzpatrick, D., & Elde, R. (1984) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(84)90518-4 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Rapid Anatomical Plasticity of Horizontal Connections in the Developing Visual Cortex
Trachtenberg, J. T., & Stryker, M. P. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-10-03476.2001 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Pyramidal Cells, Patches, and Cortical Columns: a Comparative Study of Infragranular Neurons in TEO, TE, and the Superior Temporal Polysensory Area of the Macaque Monkey
Elston, G. N., & Rosa, M. G. P. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-24-j0003.2000 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Relation between Patterns of Intrinsic Lateral Connectivity, Ocular Dominance, and Cytochrome Oxidase-Reactive Regions in Macaque Monkey Striate Cortex
Yoshioka, T., Blasdel, G. G., Levitt, J. B., & Lund, J. S. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.2.297 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Synaptology of the Visual Cortex
Szentágothai, J. (1973) · Handbook of sensory physiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65495-4_8 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
The cortical projections of foveal striate cortex in the rhesus monkey
Zeki, S. M. (1978) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012270 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Chapter 17 Cortical interneurons: from Cajal to 2001
DeFelipe, J. (2002) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(02)36019-9 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Cellular organization of reciprocal patchy networks in layer III of cat visual cortex (area 17)
Kisvárday, Z. F., & Eysel, U. T. (1992) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90050-c · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Intrinsic connections of macaque striate cortex: axonal projections of cells outside lamina 4C
Blasdel, G. G., Lund, J. S., & Fitzpatrick, D. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-12-03350.1985 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Calretinin-immunoreactive local circuit neurons in area 17 of the cynomolgus monkey,Macaca fascicularis
Meskenaïte, V. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970303)379:1 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The Excitatory Neuronal Network of Rat Layer 4 Barrel Cortex
Petersen, C. C. H., & Sakmann, B. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-20-07579.2000 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the visual cortex of Old World monkeys and humans
Blümcke, I., Hof, P. R., Morrison, J. H., & Celio, M. R. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903010307 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Orientation Preference Patterns in Mammalian Visual Cortex
Koulakov, A. A., & Chklovskii, D. B. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00223-9 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
A light and electron microscopic study of the visual cortex of the cat and monkey
Garey, L. J. (1971) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1971.0079 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Indeterminate Organization of the Visual System
Hilgetag, C. C., O’Neill, M. A., & Young, M. P. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5250.776 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical markers in rat cortex: co-localization of calretinin and calbindin-D28k with neuropeptides and GABA
ROGERS, J. H. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91439-l · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Intrinsic cortical connections in macaque visual area V2: Evidence for interaction between different functional streams
Levitt, J. B., Yoshioka, T., & Lund, J. S. (1994) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903420405 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
A reassessment of the forms of nonpyramidal neurons in area 17 of cat visual cortex
Peters, A., & Regidor, J. (1981) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902030408 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
Sincich, L. C., & Blasdel, G. G. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-12-04416.2001 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Topography of the afferent connectivity of area 17 in the macaque monkey: A double‐labelling study
Perkel, D. J., Bullier, J., & Kennedy, H. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902530307 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Innervation of cat visual areas 17 and 18 by physiologically identified X‐ and Y‐ type thalamic afferents. II. Identification of postsynaptic targets by GABA immunocytochemistry and Golgi impregnation
Freund, T. F., Martin, K. A. C., Somogyi, P., & Whitteridge, D. (1985) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902420209 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citation
Local circuit neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (areas 24a,b,c, 25 and 32) in the monkey: I. Cell morphology and morphometrics
Gabbott, P. L. A., & Bacon, S. J. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960122)364:4 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of GABAergic cells in cat visual cortex
Demeulemeester, H. G., Vandesande, F., Orban, G. A., Brandon, C. J., & Vanderhaeghen, J. (1988) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-03-00988.1988 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Long axons within the striate cortex: their distribution, orientation, and patterns of connection.
Mitchison, G., & Crick, F. H. C. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.11.3661 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Morphological variation of layer III pyramidal neurones in the occipitotemporal pathway of the macaque monkey visual cortex
Elston, G. N. (1998) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/8.3.278 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Patterns of Axon Collateralization of Identified Supragranular Pyramidal Neurons in the Cat Auditory Cortex
Ojima, H., Honda, C. N., & Jones, E. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.80 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Laminar distribution of first-order neurons and afferent terminals in cat striate cortex
Bullier, J., & Henry, G. H. (1979) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.5.1271 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Corticocortical connections within the primary somatosensory cortex of the rat
Chapin, J. K., Sadeq, M., & Guise, J. L. U. (1987) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902630303 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Local intra‐ and interlaminar connections in mouse barrel cortex
Bernardo, K. L., McCasland, J. S., Woolsey, T. A., & Strominger, R. N. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902910207 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Anatomical banding of intrinsic connections in striate cortex of tree shrews (Tupaia glis)
Rockland, K. S., Lund, J. S., & Humphrey, A. L. (1982) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902090105 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
A study of the axon initial segment and proximal axon of neurons in the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices
Sloper, J. J., & Powell, T. P. S. (1979) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1979.0004 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Calcium binding proteins and neuropeptides as molecular markers of GABAergic interneurons in the cat visual cortex
Demeulemeester, H. G., Arckens, L., Vandesande, F., Orban, G. A., Heizmann, C. W., & Pochet, R. (1991) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00230966 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurones of the visual cortex of the rat: I. Branching patterns
Larkman, A. U. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903060207 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Development of olfactory glomeruli: Temporal and spatial interactions between olfactory receptor axons and mitral cells in opossums and rats
Malun, D., & Brunjes, P. C. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960422)368:1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Emergent Properties of Layer 2/3 Neurons Reflect the Collinear Arrangement of Horizontal Connections in Tree Shrew Visual Cortex
Chisum, H. J., Mooser, F., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-07-02947.2003 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The sublaminar organization of corticogeniculate neurons in layer 6 of macaque striate cortex
Fitzpatrick, D., Usrey, W. M., Schofield, B. R., & Einstein, G. (1994) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523800001656 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Branching and laminar origin of projections between visual cortical areas in the cat
Bullier, J., Kennedy, H., & Salinger, W. L. (1984) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902280304 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Calbindin D-28K and parvalbumin immunoreactivity is confined to two separate neuronal subpopulations in the cat visual cortex, whereas partial coexistence is shown in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
Demeulemeester, H. G., Vandesande, F., Orban, G. A., Heizmann, C. W., & Pochet, R. (1989) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(89)90255-3 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Local circuits and ocular dominance columns in monkey striate cortex
Katz, L. C., Gilbert, C., & Wiesel, T. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-04-01389.1989 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Patterns of synaptic input on corticocortical and corticothalamic cells in the cat visual cortex. II. The axon initial segment
Fariñas, I., & DeFelipe, J. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903040106 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Immunocytochemical localization of cannabinoid CB1 receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase in rat retina
Yazulla, S., Studholme, K. M., McIntosh, H. H., & Deutsch, D. G. (1999) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19991206)415:1 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Dendritic properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in the rat: Intracellular staining in vivo and in vitro
Pyapali, G. K., Attila Gabor, S. I. K., Penttonen, M., Buzsáki, G., & Turner, D. A. (1998) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980216)391:3 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Development of horizontal intrinsic connections in cat striate cortex
Luhmann, H. J., Mill�n, L. M., & Singer, W. (1986) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00236865 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Cortical heterogeneity: Implications for visual processing and polysensory integration
Elston, G. N. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1024182228103 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Functional Specificity of Long-Range Intrinsic and Interhemispheric Connections in the Visual Cortex of Strabismic Cats
Schmidt, K. E., Kim, D., Singer, W., Bonhoeffer, T., & Löwel, S. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-14-05480.1997 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Functional Retinotopy of Monkey Visual Cortex
Blasdel, G. G., & Campbell, D. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-20-08286.2001 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Evidence for interlaminar inhibitory circuits in the striate cortex of the cat
Kisvárday, Z. F., Martin, K. A. C., Somogyi, P., & Friedlander, M. J. (1987) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902600102 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citation
The laminar organization of certain afferent and efferent fiber systems in the rat somatosensory cortex
Wise, S. P. (1975) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90688-5 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Patterning of local intracortical projections within the vibrissae representation of rat primary somatosensory cortex
Hoeflinger, B. F., Bennett‐Clarke, C. A., Chiaia, N. L., Killackey, H. P., & Rhoades, R. W. (1995) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903540406 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Organization of thalamostriatal terminals from the ventral motor nuclei in the macaque
McFarland, N. R., & Haber, S. N. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20000108)429:2 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Intrinsic lattice connections of macaque monkey visual cortical area V4
Yoshioka, T., Levitt, J., & Lund, J. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-07-02785.1992 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Characteristics of Intracellularly Injected Infragranular Pyramidal Neurons in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex
Ojima, H., Honda, C. N., & Jones, E. G. (1992) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/2.3.197 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Intrinsic circuitry and physiological properties of pyramidal neurons in rat barrel cortex
Gottlieb, J. P., & Keller, A. (1997) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/pl00005684 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Intrinsic connections in the macaque inferior temporal cortex
Fujita, I., & Fujita, T. (1996) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960513)368:4 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons in rat visual cortex.
Connor, J., & Peters, A. (1984) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90002-2 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Contributions of individual layer 6 pyramidal neurons to local circuitry in macaque primary visual cortex
Wiser, A., & Callaway, E. M. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-08-02724.1996 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Functional Organization of the Visual Cortex
Gilbert, C. D., & Wiesel, T. N. (1983) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60022-9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Cortical connections of areas 17 (V‐I) and 18 (V‐II) of squirrels
Kaas, J. H., Krubitzer, L. A., & Johanson, K. L. (1989) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902810308 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Enigmatic bipolar cell of rat visual cortex
Peters, A., & Harriman, K. M. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902670310 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Distribution of the mRNA encoding the four dopamine D1 receptor subtypes in the brain of the european eel (Anguilla anguilla): Comparative approach to the function of D1 receptors in vertebrates
Kapsimali, M., Vidal, B., González, A., Dufour, S., & Vernier, P. (2000) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000410)419:3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Morphology of pyramidal neurones in monkey motor cortex and the synaptic actions of their intracortical axon collaterals.
Ghosh, S., & Porter, R. W. (1988) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp017138 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Specificity in the axonal connections of layer VI neurons in tree shrew striate cortex: evidence for distinct granular and supragranular systems
Usrey, W., & Fitzpatrick, D. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-03-01203.1996 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Intracortical Excitation of Spiny Neurons in Layer 4 of Cat Striate Cortex In Vitro
Tarczy‐Hornoch, K. (1999) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/9.8.833 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Axonal trees and cortical architecture
Mitchison, G. (1992) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(92)90352-9 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Layer-Specific Input to Distinct Cell Types in Layer 6 of Monkey Primary Visual Cortex
Briggs, F., & Callaway, E. M. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-10-03600.2001 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The organization of double bouquet cells in monkey striate cortex
Peters, A., & Sethares, C. (1997) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1018518515982 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
MAKING BRAIN CONNECTIONS: Neuroanatomy and the Work of TPS Powell, 1923–1996
Jones, E. G. (1999) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.49 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Local axonal trajectories in mouse barrel cortex
Bernardo, K. L., McCasland, J. S., & Woolsey, T. A. (1990) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00231244 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Organization of local axon collaterals of efferent projection neurons in rat visual cortex
Burkhalter, A., & Charles, V. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903020417 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Cortex cerebri : performance, structural and functional organization of the cortex
Creutzfeldt, O. D. (1995) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 72 · see citing works
A model for the coordinated development of columnar systems in primate striate cortex
Swindale, N. V. (1992) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00198475 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The inferior temporal cortex: Architecture, computation, and representation
Fujita, I. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1024138413082 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Organization of intrinsic connections in owl monkey area MT
Malach, R. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.4.386 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Form, Function, and Intracortical Projections of Neurons in the Striate Cortex of the Monkey Macacus nemestrinus
Anderson, J. C., Martin, K. A. C., & Whitteridge, D. (1993) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/3.5.412 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ascending Projections of Simple and Complex Cells in Layer 6 of the Cat Striate Cortex
Hirsch, J. A., Gallagher, C. A., Alonso, J., & Martı́nez, L. M. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-19-08086.1998 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cell type specificity of local cortical connections
Callaway, E. M. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1024165824469 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Specificity in the functional architecture of primate prefrontal cortex
Lewis, D. A., Melchitzky, D. S., & Burgos, G.-G. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1024174026286 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lateral geniculate projections to the superficial layers of visual cortex in the tree shrew
Usrey, W. M., Muly, E., & Fitzpatrick, D. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903190113 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Laminar cell counts and geniculo-cortical boutons in area 17 of cat and monkey
Winfield, D. A., & Powell, T. P. S. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90929-0 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dendritic sampling across processing streams in monkey striate cortex
Malach, R. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903150306 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Winner-take-all networks
Deng, M. (1992) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Excitatory inputs to spiny cells in layers 4 and 6 of cat striate cortex
Bannister, N. J., Nelson, J. C., & Jack, J. (2002) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1160 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
"A CONTRIBUTION TO THE LOCALIZATION OF CEREBRAL FUNCTION, BASED ON THE CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF MENTAL DISEASE."
BOLTON, J. S. (1910) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/33.1.26 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The morphological basis for binocular and ON/OFF convergence in tree shrew striate cortex
Muly, E., & Fitzpatrick, D. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-04-01319.1992 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Morphology of neurons in area 4γ of the cat's cortex studied with intracellular injection of HRP
Ghosh, S., Fyffe, R. E. W., & Porter, R. W. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902690212 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Corticocortical connections predict patches of stimulus‐evoked metabolic activity in monkey somatosensory cortex
Juliano, S. L., Friedman, D. P., & Eslin, D. E. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902980103 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
One axon-multiple functions: Specificity of lateral inhibitory connections by large basket cells
Kisvárday, Z. F., Ferecskó, A. S., Kovács, K., Buzás, P., Budd, J. M. L., & Eysel, U. T. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1024122009448 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cortical Neurobiology: A Slanted Historical Perspective
Hubel, D. H. (1982) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.05.030182.002051 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The pyramidal neuron in occipital, temporal and prefrontal cortex of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus): regional specialization in cell structure
Elston, G. N. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02552.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Axon projections of reciprocal inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord of young Xenopus tadpoles and implications for the pattern of inhibition during swimming and struggling
Yoshida, M., Roberts, A., & Soffe, S. R. (1998) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19981102)400:4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Innervation patterns of single physiologically identified geniculocortical axons in the striate cortex of the tree shrew.
Fitzpatrick, D., & Raczkowski, D. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.449 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Development of subpopulations of GABAergic neurons in cat visual cortical areas
Hogan, D., Terwilleger, E. R., & Berman, N. E. J. (1992) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199212000-00009 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Characteristics of GABAergic neurons and their synaptic relationships with intrinsic axons in the cat motor cortex
Linda L. Porter, D. M. (2000) · Somatosensory & Motor Research · doi:10.1080/08990220070319 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Distribution of calbindin-D28K immunoreactive neurons in rat primary motor cortex.
Sun, X., Takahashi, S., Cui, C., Inoue, M., & Fukui, Y. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cortex Cerebri: Performance, Structural and Functional Organization of the Cortex.
Schneck, C. D. (1996) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/00006123-199606000-00048 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Untitled work
Batardiere (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19980713)396:4

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI
Logothetis, N. K. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06976 · Cited by 3,612 · see citing works
An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome
Hawrylycz, M. J., Lein, E. S., Guillozet-Bongaarts, A. L., Shen, E. H., Ng, L., Miller, J. A., van de Lagemaat, L. N., Smith, K. A., Ebbert, A., Riley, Z. L., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11405 · Cited by 3,083 · see citing works
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
Bastos, A. M., Usrey, W. M., Adams, R. A., Mangun, G. R., Fries, P., & Friston, K. J. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.038 · Cited by 2,421 · see citing works
“This section reviews laminar-specific connections that underlie the notion of a canonical microcircuit (Douglas et al., 1989; Douglas and Martin, 1991, 2004).”
How does the brain solve visual object recognition?
DiCarlo, J. J., Zoccolan, D., & Rust, N. C. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.01.010 · Cited by 1,790 · see citing works
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
Spruston, N. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2286 · Cited by 1,688 · see citing works
Reconstruction and Simulation of Neocortical Microcircuitry
Markram, H., Muller, E., Ramaswamy, S., Reimann, M. W., Abdellah, M., Sanchez, C. A., Ailamaki, A., Alonso-Nanclares, L., Antille, N., Arsever, S., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.029 · Cited by 1,705 · see citing works
Neural correlates of consciousness: progress and problems
Koch, C., Massimini, M., Boly, M., & Tononi, G. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.22 · Cited by 1,600 · see citing works
Normal development of brain circuits
Tau, G. Z., & Peterson, B. S. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.115 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
The neocortical circuit: themes and variations
Harris, K. D., & Shepherd, G. M. G. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3917 · Cited by 1,215 · see citing works
Highly selective receptive fields in mouse visual cortex
Niell, C. M., & Stryker, M. P. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0623-08.2008 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Cortical oscillations and sensory predictions
Arnal, L. H., & Giraud, A.-L. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.05.003 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Neocortical Network Activity<i>In Vivo</i>Is Generated through a Dynamic Balance of Excitation and Inhibition
Haider, B., Duque, A., Hasenstaub, A. R., & McCormick, D. A. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5297-05.2006 · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping of long-range callosal projections
Petreanu, L., Huber, D., Sobczyk, A., & Svoboda, K. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1891 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Corticostriatal connectivity and its role in disease
Shepherd, G. M. G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3469 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Hierarchical organization of cortical and thalamic connectivity
Harris, J. A., Mihalas, S., Hirokawa, K. E., Whitesell, J. D., Choi, H., Bernard, A., Bohn, P., Caldejon, S., Casal, L., Cho, A., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1716-z · Cited by 785 · see citing works
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing principle for the cerebral cortex
Larkum, M. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.11.006 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons
Lim, L., Mi, D., Llorca, A., & Marín, O. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.009 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
Wang, X.-J. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.034 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
“, 1998), the dynamics of synaptic connections (Abbott and Regehr, 2004), and the microcircuit wiring connectivity (Somogyi et al., 1998; Douglas and Martin, 2004).”
Background
Cortical high-density counterstream architectures
Markov, N. T., Ercsey-Ravasz, M., Van Essen, D. C., Knoblauch, K., Toroczkai, Z., & Kennedy, H. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1238406 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Structure and function of the cerebral cortex
Shipp, S. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.044 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Mirror neurons: from origin to function
Cook, R., Bird, G., Catmur, C., Press, C., & Heyes, C. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x13000903 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Synaptic basis for intense thalamocortical activation of feedforward inhibitory cells in neocortex
Cruikshank, S. J., Lewis, T. J., & Connors, B. W. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1861 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Gain control by layer six in cortical circuits of vision
Olsen, S. R., Bortone, D. S., Adesnik, H., & Scanziani, M. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10835 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
: Cellular scaling rules for rodent brains.
Herculano-Houzel, S., Mota, B., & Lent, R. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0604911103 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Molecular taxonomy of major neuronal classes in the adult mouse forebrain
Sugino, K., Hempel, C. M., Miller, M. N., Hattox, A. M., Shapiro, P., Wu, C., Huang, Z. J., & Nelson, S. B. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1618 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Dense, Unspecific Connectivity of Neocortical Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons: A Canonical Microcircuit for Inhibition?
Packer, A. M., & Yuste, R. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3131-11.2011 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
The Effects of Visual Stimulation and Selective Visual Attention on Rhythmic Neuronal Synchronization in Macaque Area V4
Fries, P., Womelsdorf, T., Oostenveld, R., & Desimone, R. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4499-07.2008 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Selective Activation of the Deep Layers of the Human Primary Visual Cortex by Top-Down Feedback
Kok, P., Bains, L. J., van Mourik, T., Norris, D. G., & de Lange, F. P. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.038 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Neuronal Mechanisms of Cortical Alpha Oscillations in Awake-Behaving Macaques
Bollimunta, A., Chen, Y., Schroeder, C. E., & Ding, M. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2699-08.2008 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Human brain networks function in connectome-specific harmonic waves
Atasoy, S., Donnelly, I., & Pearson, J. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10340 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Large-Scale Cellular-Resolution Gene Profiling in Human Neocortex Reveals Species-Specific Molecular Signatures
Zeng, H., Shen, E. H., Hohmann, J. G., Oh, S. W., Bernard, A., Royall, J. J., Glattfelder, K. J., Sunkin, S. M., Morris, J. A., Guillozet-Bongaarts, A. L., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.052 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Cellular scaling rules for primate brains.
Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., & Kaas, J. H. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0611396104 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Cell type-specific structural plasticity of axonal branches and boutons in the adult neocortex
De Paola, V., Holtmaat, A., Knott, G., Song, S., Wilbrecht, L., Caroni, P., & Svoboda, K. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.02.017 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Seeking a unified framework for cerebellar function and dysfunction: from circuit operations to cognition
D'Angelo, E., & Casali, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2012.00116 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
GABA concentration is reduced in visual cortex in schizophrenia and correlates with orientation-specific surround suppression
Yoon, J. H., Maddock, R. J., Rokem, A., Silver, M. A., Minzenberg, M. J., Ragland, J. D., & Carter, C. S. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6158-09.2010 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Architectures of neuronal circuits
Luo, L. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abg7285 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Towards a mathematical theory of cortical micro-circuits
George, D., & Hawkins, J. (2009) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000532 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
An Integrated Micro- and Macroarchitectural Analysis of the Drosophila Brain by Computer-Assisted Serial Section Electron Microscopy
Cardona, A., Saalfeld, S., Preibisch, S., Schmid, B., Cheng, A., Pulokas, J., Tomancak, P., & Hartenstein, V. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000502 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Neocortical Somatostatin-Expressing GABAergic Interneurons Disinhibit the Thalamorecipient Layer 4
Xu, H., Jeong, H.-Y., Tremblay, R., & Rudy, B. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.004 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Oscillations in the prefrontal cortex: a gateway to memory and attention
Benchenane, K., Tiesinga, P. H., & Battaglia, F. P. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2011.01.004 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Cell-Type-Specific Activity in Prefrontal Cortex during Goal-Directed Behavior
Pinto, L., & Dan, Y. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.021 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Three Types of Cortical Layer 5 Neurons That Differ in Brain-wide Connectivity and Function
Kim, E. J., Juavinett, A. L., Kyubwa, E. M., Jacobs, M. W., & Callaway, E. M. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.002 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Dynamical relaying can yield zero time lag neuronal synchrony despite long conduction delays
Vicente, R., Gollo, L. L., Mirasso, C. R., Fischer, I., & Pipa, G. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0809353105 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Top-down laminar organization of the excitatory network in motor cortex
Weiler, N., Wood, L., Yu, J., Solla, S. A., & Shepherd, G. M. G. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2049 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
The cortex as a central pattern generator
Yuste, R., MacLean, J. N., Smith, J., & Lansner, A. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1686 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Barrel cortex function
Feldmeyer, D., Brecht, M., Helmchen, F., Petersen, C. C. H., Poulet, J. F. A., Staiger, J. F., Luhmann, H. J., & Schwarz, C. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.11.002 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
“From data obtained in cat visual cortex, Douglas and Martin defined a ‘canonical’ microcircuit of neocortex implying that most cortical areas have a rather similar basic neuronal network structure (Gilbert and Wiesel, 1983; Gilbert, 1983; Douglas and Martin, 1991, 2004).”
Background
Grid cells and cortical representation
Moser, E. I., Roudi, Y., Witter, M. P., Kentros, C., Bonhoeffer, T., & Moser, M.-B. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3766 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Translaminar inhibitory cells recruited by layer 6 corticothalamic neurons suppress visual cortex
Bortone, D. S., Olsen, S. R., & Scanziani, M. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.021 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Altered neural connectivity in excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits in autism
Zikopoulos, B., & Barbas, H. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00609 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
A dual operator view of habitual behavior reflecting cortical and striatal dynamics
Smith, K. S., & Graybiel, A. M. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.038 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Efficacy and connectivity of intracolumnar pairs of layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in the barrel cortex of juvenile rats.
Feldmeyer, D., Lübke, J., & Sakmann, B. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.105106 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Free Energy, Precision and Learning: The Role of Cholinergic Neuromodulation
Moran, R. J., Campo, P., Symmonds, M., Stephan, K. E., Dolan, R. J., & Friston, K. J. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4255-12.2013 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Evoked brain responses are generated by feedback loops
Garrido, M. I., Kilner, J. M., Kiebel, S. J., & Friston, K. J. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706274105 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory neurons in the neocortex
Yu, Y.-C., Bultje, R. S., Wang, X., & Shi, S.-H. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07722 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Bayesian Computation Emerges in Generic Cortical Microcircuits through Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity
Nessler, B., Pfeiffer, M., Buesing, L., & Maass, W. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003037 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Dynamics of excitation and inhibition underlying stimulus selectivity in rat somatosensory cortex
Wilent, W. B., & Contreras, D. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1545 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Nonstimulated early visual areas carry information about surrounding context
Smith, F. W., & Muckli, L. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000233107 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor cortex
Shipp, S., Adams, R. A., & Friston, K. J. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.09.004 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Distinct Roles of the Cortical Layers of Area V1 in Figure-Ground Segregation
Self, M. W., van Kerkoerle, T., Supèr, H., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.013 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements
Huang, Z. J., & Paul, A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0195-4 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
The columnar and laminar organization of inhibitory connections to neocortical excitatory cells
Kätzel, D., Zemelman, B. V., Buetfering, C., Wölfel, M., & Miesenböck, G. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2687 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Excitatory signal flow and connectivity in a cortical column: focus on barrel cortex.
Lübke, J., & Feldmeyer, D. (2007) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-007-0144-2 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
A statistical analysis of information-processing properties of lamina-specific cortical microcircuit models
Haeusler, S., & Maass, W. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj132 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Complex Events Initiated by Individual Spikes in the Human Cerebral Cortex
Molnár, G., Oláh, S., Komlósi, G., Füle, M., Szabadics, J., Varga, C., Barzó, P., & Tamás, G. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060222 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Posteromedial cortex glutamate and GABA predict intrinsic functional connectivity of the default mode network
Kapogiannis, D., Reiter, D. A., Willette, A. A., & Mattson, M. P. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.029 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Optogenetic dissection of medial prefrontal cortex circuitry
Riga, D., Matos, M. R., Glas, A., Smit, A. B., Spijker, S., & Van den Oever, M. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00230 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Thalamocortical Innervation Pattern in Mouse Auditory and Visual Cortex: Laminar and Cell-Type Specificity
Ji, X.-Y., Zingg, B., Mesik, L., Xiao, Z., Zhang, L. I., & Tao, H. W. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv099 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The relationship between oscillatory EEG activity and the laminar-specific BOLD signal
Scheeringa, R., Koopmans, P. J., van Mourik, T., Jensen, O., & Norris, D. G. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1522577113 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
How good is the macaque monkey model of the human brain?
Passingham, R. (2009) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2009.01.002 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
An atlas of gene regulatory elements in adult mouse cerebrum
Li, Y. E., Preissl, S., Hou, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, K., Qiu, Y., Poirion, O. B., Li, B., Chiou, J., Liu, H., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03604-1 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Genetic Reduction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Promotes Formation of Perineuronal Nets Around Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons and Normalizes Auditory Cortex Responses in Developing Fmr1 Knock-Out Mice
Wen, T. H., Afroz, S., Reinhard, S. M., Palacios, A. R., Tapia, K., Binder, D. K., Razak, K. A., & Ethell, I. M. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx258 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Neural correlates of tactile detection: a combined magnetoencephalography and biophysically based computational modeling study
Jones, S. R., Pritchett, D. L., Stufflebeam, S. M., Hämäläinen, M., & Moore, C. I. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0482-07.2007 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
A genuine layer 4 in motor cortex with prototypical synaptic circuit connectivity
Yamawaki, N., Borges, K., Suter, B. A., Harris, K. D., & Shepherd, G. M. G. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.05422 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
A Theory of How Columns in the Neocortex Enable Learning the Structure of the World
Hawkins, J., Ahmad, S., & Cui, Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2017.00081 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“, 2015) and L5 cells are also a major output of cortical columns (Douglas and Martin, 2004; Guillery and Sherman, 2011; Sherman and Guillery, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Developmental mechanisms channeling cortical evolution
Finlay, B. L., & Uchiyama, R. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.11.004 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Two calretinin-positive GABAergic cell types in layer 2/3 of the mouse neocortex provide different forms of inhibition
Caputi, A., Rozov, A., Blatow, M., & Monyer, H. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn175 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Metabolic and Hemodynamic Events after Changes in Neuronal Activity: Current Hypotheses, Theoretical Predictions and <i>in vivo</i> NMR Experimental Findings
Mangia, S., Giove, F., Tkáč, I., Logothetis, N. K., Henry, P.-G., Olman, C. A., Maraviglia, B., Di Salle, F., & Uğurbil, K. (2009) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.134 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
A DCM study of spectral asymmetries in feedforward and feedback connections between visual areas V1 and V4 in the monkey
Bastos, A. M., Litvak, V., Moran, R., Bosman, C. A., Fries, P., & Friston, K. J. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.081 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
A hemodynamic model for layered BOLD signals
Heinzle, J., Koopmans, P. J., den Ouden, H. E. M., Raman, S., & Stephan, K. E. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.025 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Neocortical Layer 1: an elegant solution to top-down and bottom-up integration
Schuman, B., Dellal, S., Prönneke, A., Machold, R., & Rudy, B. (2021) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-100520-012117 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The effect of a serotonin-induced dissociation between spiking and perisynaptic activity on BOLD functional MRI
Rauch, A., Rainer, G., & Logothetis, N. K. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0800312105 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
A model of the ventral visual system based on temporal stability and local memory
Wyss, R., König, P., & Verschure, P. F. M. J. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040120 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Specificity of synaptic connectivity between layer 1 inhibitory interneurons and layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the rat neocortex
Wozny, C., & Williams, S. R. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq257 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Hierarchy and dynamics of neural networks
Kaiser, M. (2010) · Frontiers in Neuroinformatics · doi:10.3389/fninf.2010.00112 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Reentry: a key mechanism for integration of brain function
Edelman, G. M., & Gally, J. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00063 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Morphological Development of Thick-Tufted Layer V Pyramidal Cells in the Rat Somatosensory Cortex
Romand, S., Wang, Y., Toledo-Rodriguez, M., & Markram, H. (2011) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2011.00005 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Toward a Genetic Dissection of Cortical Circuits in the Mouse
Huang, Z. J. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.041 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Laminar processing in the visual cortical column.
Hirsch, J. A., & Martinez, L. M. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.06.014 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Topology and dynamics of the canonical circuit of cat V1
Binzegger, T., Douglas, R. J., & Martin, K. A. C. (2009) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.07.011 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citation
Allocating structure to function: the strong links between neuroplasticity and natural selection
Anderson, M. L., & Finlay, B. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00918 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“The idea of a “canonical circuit” in the cortex spanning multiple modalities has come to dominate current discussion (Douglas and Martin, 2004; Harris and Mrsic-Flogel, 2013).”
Background
Toward an integration of deep learning and neuroscience
Marblestone, A. H., Wayne, G., & Kording, K. P. (2016) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2016.00094 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Infragranular sources of sustained local field potential responses in macaque primary visual cortex
Maier, A., Aura, C. J., & Leopold, D. A. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5300-09.2011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Cell Type-Specific Structural Organization of the Six Layers in Rat Barrel Cortex
Narayanan, R. T., Udvary, D., & Oberlaender, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00091 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Cortical Control of Affective Networks
Kumar, S., Black, S. J., Hultman, R., Szabo, S. T., DeMaio, K. D., Du, J., Katz, B. M., Feng, G., Covington, H. E., & Dzirasa, K. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0092-12.2013 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Mismatch negativity indexes illness-specific impairments of cortical plasticity in schizophrenia: a comparison with bipolar disorder and Alzheimer’s disease
Baldeweg, T., & Hirsch, S. R. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.03.008 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Thalamic contributions to the state and contents of consciousness
Whyte, C. J., Redinbaugh, M. J., Shine, J. M., & Saalmann, Y. B. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.019 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Primary visual cortex shows laminar‐specific and balanced circuit organization of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connectivity
Xu, X., Olivas, N. D., Ikrar, T., Peng, T., Holmes, T. C., Nie, Q., & Shi, Y. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271891 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Towards a Unified View on Pathways and Functions of Neural Recurrent Processing
Pennartz, C. M. A., Dora, S., Muckli, L., & Lorteije, J. A. M. (2019) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Themost prominent intra-areal excitatory projections are from layer 4 to layer 2/3 and from layer 2/3 to layer 5 [97].”
Plasticity during sleep is linked to specific regulation of cortical circuit activity
Niethard, N., Burgalossi, A., & Born, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2017.00065 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The efference cascade, consciousness, and its self: naturalizing the first person pivot of action control.
Merker, B. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00501 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Authors: Douglas, R. J., & Martin, K. A. C.
Affiliations: ETH Zurich (CH)
ORCID: Douglas, Rodney J.
Martin, Kevan A.C.
Venue: Annual Review of Neuroscience
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2004-07-21
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Pages: 419-451
ISSN: 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
1545-4126
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144152
OpenAlex: W2151718948
Cited by: 1,886
References: 189
Citations by year: 2026: 99 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 109 · 2012: 90
FWCI: 3.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Körber-Stiftung
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: neocortex, cortical circuits, laminar organization, excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, neuronal morphology, cortical connectivity
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Neocortex, Cell Size

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

NEURONAL CIRCUITS OF THE NEOCORTEX

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks