Neural indices of emotional reactivity and regulation predict course of PTSD symptoms in combat-exposed veterans
Abstract
After diagnosis, veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display significant variability in the natural course of illness (Bonanno et al., 2012)). Cross-sectional work reveals that abnormal neural response during emotion reactivity-measured using the late positive potential (LPP)-correlates with PTSD symptom severity; however, whether the LPP during emotional reactivity and regulation predicts symptoms over time is unknown. The current study examined the LPP during emotion reactivity and regulation as predictors of PTSD symptoms over one year in OEF/OIF/OND combat-exposed veterans. At baseline, participants completed an Emotion Regulation Task (ERT) during electroencephalogram recording. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) was completed at baseline (N=86), 6-months (N=54) and 1-year (N=49) later. During ERT, participants viewed negative pictures; partway through they were instructed to "reappraise" (i.e., reduce negative affect/regulate) or "look" (i.e., passively react). Change in LPP during emotional reactivity (ΔLPP-E) and reappraisal (ΔLPP-R) were calculated and used in multilevel mixed modeling to predict CAPS over time. Findings demonstrated that deficiency in reappraisal (ΔLPP-R) predicted more overall symptoms over time, while greater neural responses to emotion (ΔLPP-E) and greater change in neural response as a function of reappraisal (ΔLPP-R) predicted a decline in avoidance symptoms over time. Together, results support the utility of neural markers of emotional reactivity and regulation as predictors of PTSD symptoms-and change in symptoms-across one year.
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Deficits in emotion regulation predict PTSD symptoms at a later stage.
“Furthermore, deficits in emotion regulation have been shown to predict PTSD symptoms at a later stage and thus may be crucial in the further course of the disease (Fitzgerald et al., 2018).”
From Rt-fMRI neurofeedback-guided cognitive reappraisal training modulates amygdala responsivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Fitzgerald et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Fitzgerald, J. M., Gorka, S. M., Kujawa, A., DiGangi, J. A., Proescher, E., Greenstein, J. E., Aase, D. M., Schroth, C., Afshar, K., Kennedy, A. E., Hajcak, G., & Phan, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fitzgerald, Jacklynn M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 82
- Pages
- 255-262
- ISSN
- 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2767984589
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- VA Office of Research and Development (I01CX000913)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, combat veterans, late positive potential, emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, emotional reactivity, neural markers, symptom course, avoidance symptoms
- MeSH terms
- War Exposure, Self-Control, Adult, Brain, Electroencephalography, Emotions, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Visual Perception, Disease Progression, Young Adult, Executive Function, Emotional Intelligence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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