Radical addition–fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis

Moad, Graeme; Rizzardo, Ezio; Thang, San H.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.020

Cited by 1,397Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterizationbiodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesPhotopolymerization techniques and applications

Radical addition–fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis

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Moad, Graeme, Rizzardo, Ezio, Thang, San H.·2008·Polymer

DOI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.020

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Abstract

This review traces the development of addition–fragmentation chain transfer agents and related ring-opening monomers highlighting recent innovation in these areas. The major part of this review deals with reagents that give reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). These reagents include dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, dithiocarbamates and xanthates. The RAFT process is a versatile method for conferring living characteristics on radical polymerizations providing unprecedented control over molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and architecture. It is suitable for most monomers polymerizable by radical polymerization and is robust under a wide range of reaction conditions. It provides a route to functional polymers, cyclopolymers, gradient copolymers, block polymers and star polymers.

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β-Scission of the intermediate radical formed upon radical addition to the sulfur atom of the C=S double bond plays a vital role in reactions such as the Barton-McCombie reaction and RAFT polymerization.
“In these reactions, β-scission of the intermediate radical formed upon radical addition to the sulfur atom of the C=S double bond plays a vital role (Figure 1A).”
From Direct Radical Copolymerizations of Thioamides To Generate Vinyl Polymers with Degradable Thioether Bonds in the Backbones (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Thiocarbonyl compounds are fundamentally useful in radical chemistry and are extensively utilized to produce various molecules and macromolecules in reactions such as the Barton-McCombie reaction and RAFT polymerization.
“Thiocarbonyl compounds are fundamentally useful in radical chemistry and are extensively utilized to produce various molecules and macromolecules in reactions such as the Barton–McCombie reaction and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.1−4”
From Direct Radical Copolymerizations of Thioamides To Generate Vinyl Polymers with Degradable Thioether Bonds in the Backbones (2023) · cites this paper as [2]

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Authors: Moad, G., Rizzardo, E., & Thang, S. H.
Affiliations: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
Corresponding author: Moad, Graeme
Rizzardo, Ezio
Thang, San H.
ORCID: Moad, Graeme
Thang, San H.
Venue: Polymer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-03
Volume: 49
Issue: 5
Pages: 1079-1131
ISSN: 0032-3861 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.020
OpenAlex: W2040062577
Cited by: 1,397
References: 528
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 92 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 90 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 117
FWCI: 46.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 1963 d)
Locations: Polymer (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Photopolymerization techniques and applications
Keywords: RAFT polymerization, RAFT agents, dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, dithiocarbamates, xanthates, controlled radical polymerization, block copolymers, star polymers, cyclopolymers, gradient copolymers, molecular weight control

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Radical addition–fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis

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