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Structural brain abnormalities in borderline personality disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study
Open accessAbstract
Imaging studies using region-of-interest morphometry and positron emission tomography have contributed to our understanding of structural and functional abnormalities in borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, both methods have practical limitations to their usefulness for exploratory studies of brain-behavior relationships. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in 34 subjects with BPD and 30 healthy control (HC) subjects to study effects of diagnosis, gender, childhood sexual abuse, depressed mood, impulsivity and aggression on group differences. VBM is a computer-based method for whole brain analysis that combines the advantages of a functional study with a structural method. The BPD subjects, diagnosed with the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients and the International Personality Disorders Examination, were compared with 30 HC subjects, with age and gender covaried. Analyses were repeated separately by gender and, in women, by histories of childhood sexual abuse. Depressed mood, impulsivity, and aggression were covaried in separate analyses. Compared with HC, BPD subjects had significant bilateral reductions in gray matter concentrations in ventral cingulate gyrus and several regions of the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and uncus. BPD women (and abused BPD women), but not BPD men, had significant reductions in medial temporal lobe, including the amygdala. BPD men, but not BPD women, showed diminished gray matter concentrations in the anterior cingulate gyrus compared with findings in HC subjects. Covarying for depressed mood rendered group differences non-significant in the ventral cingulate but had little effect on differences in medial temporal cortex. Covarying for aggression (LHA) had relatively little effect on group differences, while covarying for impulsivity, as determined by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, rendered all previously noted voxel-level group differences non-significant. Diminished gray matter in the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal cortex may mediate the dysregulation of impulse and affect in BPD. Group differences varied greatly by gender, levels of depression, and impulsivity. VBM is an efficient method for exploratory study of brain-behavior relationships.
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“Nevertheless, two relatively well-powered volumetric studies of BPD (Soloff et al., 2008, 2012) found smaller gray matter volume in rACC and lOFC (Figures 8A,B).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Soloff et al., 2008
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“By contrast, well-powered studies of BPD (Soloff et al., 2008, 2012) showed smaller gray matter volumes in rACC and lOFC.”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Soloff et al., 2008
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“They are heritable traits of temperament associated with suicidal and aggressive behaviors in patients with BPD, other impulsive personality disorders (PDs), and across diagnostic categories (Mann et al., 1999; Oquendo and Mann, 2000; Soloff et al., 2000a).”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Diwadkar, 2003, Voxel-based and region-of-interest morphometry convergently reveal regional gray matter abnormalities in unipolar depression, Proceedings of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance Medicine, 11, 182
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A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure
Ruigrok, A. N. V., Salimi-Khorshidi, G., Lai, M.-C., Baron-Cohen, S., Lombardo, M. V., Tait, R. J., & Suckling, J. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.12.004 · Cited by 1,192
Schulze, L., Schmahl, C., & Niedtfeld, I. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.027 · Cited by 48
Edmiston, E. E. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.565 · Cited by 341
The Latest Neuroimaging Findings in Borderline Personality Disorder
Krause-Utz, A., Winter, D., Niedtfeld, I., & Schmahl, C. (2014) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0438-z · Cited by 235
The Latest Neuroimaging Findings in Borderline Personality Disorder
Mauchnik, J., & Schmahl, C. G. (2010) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0089-7 · Cited by 229
Metadata
- Authors
- Soloff, P., Nutche, J., Goradia, D., & Diwadkar, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- ORCID
- Diwadkar, Vaibhav
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 223-236
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3286221
- OpenAlex
- W2027259302
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 8.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH068680, K01MH068680, MH-48463, R01MH048463)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, gray matter reduction, anterior cingulate cortex, medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, child sexual abuse, gender differences, impulsivity, aggression, depressive mood, brain-behavior relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aggression, Borderline Personality Disorder, Brain, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Suicide, Attempted
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