Cited by 243Schizophrenia research and treatmentPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and Assessment

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Reliability, validity and ability to detect change of the Personal and Social Performance scale in patients with stable schizophrenia

Nasrallah, Henry, Morosini, PierLuigi, Gagnon, Dennis D.·2008·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.11.012

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Abstract

This report describes the measurement properties of the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP), a clinician-reported measure of severity of personal and social dysfunction, in an outpatient population with stabilized schizophrenia. Pooled data from two similar antipsychotic clinical studies were analyzed (n=411). The PSP showed good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.79). The PSP was more highly correlated with the Strauss-Carpenter Level of Function, an instrument measuring a similar construct, than the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, an instrument measuring a different construct. There was a statistically significant difference between mean PSP scores in subjects grouped by their severity rating on the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) (mild or less versus at least moderate), indicating the ability to discriminate between known groups. Effect sizes for mean change in the PSP based on 1-category improvement (0.72) or worsening (-0.88) versus no change in the CGI-S were moderate to large, demonstrating the ability to detect change. Estimates of between-group minimum important difference suggest that a 7-point improvement in the PSP may be clinically meaningful in a clinical trial setting. Initial reliability and validity assessments suggest the PSP may be a useful measure of social functioning in patients with stable schizophrenia.

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Background
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“7 points, well above the 10-point category change that is thought to be a conservative threshold for clinically meaningful response (Nasrallah et al., 2008).”
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“These other assessments include among others the relationship between drug blood levels/concentration (see below) and clinical and side-effect endpoints, changes in the Thought and Language Disorder questionnaire (TALD) [38], the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) [39], the Personal and Social Performance scale (P…”
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Method
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Method
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“Each area has its own definition of the severity levels and the final score of the instrument is given by means of a decimal score, which ranges from 0 to 100, and another final score, which indicates the final number / index of this assessment [6, 21].”
Method
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“We included only community functioning measures (eg, Personal and Social Performance Scale [PSP] 38 ).”
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“The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale (Nasrallah et al., 2008) was used in the validation sample, and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) (Morosini et al., 2000) was used in the Singapore sample.”
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“Social function will be assessed with the Personal and Social Performance Scale [44] (PSP), a clinician-reported measure of social dysfunction using six-point severity scale in four life domains (socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, self-care and disturbing or aggressive behaviours).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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Method
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“in social functioning.(30,32) On this basis, the mean change of 12.”
BackgroundMethod
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“Thresholds for dichotomization were set according to a clinically meaningful worsening of an event, such as the percentage of patients who had a decrease in PSP score from more than 70 at baseline to 70 or less at endpoint (Nasrallah et al., 2008; Fleischhacker et al., 2014).”
Method
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“The Temporary Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS; Chan et al. [17]), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP [18]), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS; Kirkpatrick et al. [19]), and Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS; Kirkpatrick et al. [19]) were used to evaluate psychotic symptoms in…”
Method
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“Social functioning results revealed no significant within-subject effects for participants in the MBGT + TAU condition from T0 to T1 on the PSP, however, displaying a slight increase in social functioning by 0.73 points for MBGT + TAU ( d = 0.06), while the mean score decreased in the TAU group by 1.09 ( d = − 0.14).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“, 2009) and in stable phase (Morosini et al., 2000; Nasrallah et al., 2008; Schaub and Juckel, 2011; Brissos et al., 2012; Wu et al., 2013).”
Background
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Background
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“Several studies have confirmed its high test-retest reliability, good inter-rater reliability, and validity (Brissos et al., 2012; Morosini et al., 2000; Nasrallah et al., 2008).”
Background
Estimate dynamic changes of dysfunction and lifelong spent for psychiatric care needs in patients with schizophrenia
Su, C., Bai, Y. M., Chou, M.-H., Wang, J., & Yang, Y. K. (2018) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.07.009 · Cited by 6
“The reliability and validity of the PSP have been investigated in previous studies, and high test–retest reliability, a good inter-rater reliability [8], and high levels of correlation with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, the SOFAS scale and the Positive an…”
Method
Remission amongst elderly schizophrenia patients
Barak, Y., & Swartz, M. (2011) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.12.012 · Cited by 6
“scales identified by most participating investigators were: Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale [13], Quality of Life Scale (QLS) [7], the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia”
Background
The Benefits of Antipsychotic Drugs
Zhang, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803376-0.00014-9 · Cited by 6
Outcome Measurement in Schizophrenia: Challenges and Barriers
Grover, S., & Sahoo, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19847-3_10 · Cited by 6
The effect of aripiprazole once-monthly on personal and social functioning: post hoc analyses of acute and long-term studies
Peters-Strickland, T. S., Baker, R. A., Such, P., Zhang, P. G. Y., & Madera‐McDonough, J. (2019) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s198241 · Cited by 6
Concept Analysis of Human Functioning and Potential Applications to Mental Health Evaluation
Desrosiers, J., Larivière, N., Desrosiers, J., & Boyer, R. (2019) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0164212x.2019.1684860 · Cited by 5
“…and validation of measuring tools used primarily with frail seniors and people with neurological disorders (Crewe & Athelstan, 1984; Hawley et al., 1999) as well as related to people with specific mental health condition such as bipolar disorder (Goldberg et al., 2010; Nasrallah et al., 2008).”
Method
Clinical, Quality of Life, and Health Care Utilization Outcomes of Switching the Administration Route of Antipsychotic Medications Among People With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kappi, A. A., Wang, T., Abufarsakh, B., & Okoli, C. T. C. (2024) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/10783903241279605 · Cited by 5
“Different studies have supported the validity and reliability of the PSP scale (Nafees et al., 2012; Nasrallah et al., 2008).”
The duration of untreated psychosis among U.S. Latinxs and social and clinical correlates
Santos, M. M., Kratzer, M. P. L., Zavala, J., López, D., Ullman, J. B., Kopelowicz, A. J., & López, S. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1052454 · Cited by 6
“The PSP has shown good validity and interrater reliability with inpatient psychiatric populations (26) and good test–retest reliability in a stable outpatient setting (31).”
Background
Factors Associated with Symptom Stabilization that Allow for Successful Transition from Once-Monthly Paliperidone Palmitate to Three-Monthly Paliperidone Palmitate: A Post Hoc Analysis Examined Clinical Characteristics in Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia
Li, X. R., Ye, C., Zhang, W., Jia, M., & Wang, G. (2024) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-023-01056-x · Cited by 5
Adaptive coding of reward in schizophrenia, its change over time and relationship to apathy
Kaliuzhna, M., Carruzzo, F., Kuenzi, N., Tobler, P. N., Kirschner, M., Geffen, T., Katthagen, T., Böge, K., Zierhut, M. M., Schlagenhauf, F., et al. (2024) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awae112 · Cited by 5
“22 We assessed general functioning using the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) 23 and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF).”
Method
El sacrificio de la validez a expensas de la Habilidad en psicopatología: Mirando por un cristal opaco
Ruiz‐Doblado, S. (2010) · Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría · doi:10.4067/s0717-92272010000400008 · Cited by 5
Relative and Absolute Reliabilities of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II in Schizophrenia
Lee, P., Lin, H., Liu, C.-H., Lu, W.-S., & Hsieh, C. (2016) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acw037 · Cited by 5
Factors Predicting Personal and Social Performance in Schizophrenia Patients
Chi, S., Jeong, H., Lee, M., & Kim, S. (2016) · Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.16946/kjsr.2016.19.2.47 · Cited by 5
Psychiatric disability as mediator of the neurocognition-functioning link in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: SEM analysis using the Evaluation of Cognitive Processes involved in Disability in Schizophrenia (ECPDS) scale
Roux, P., Urbach, M., Fonteneau, S., Berna, F. S., Brunel, L., Capdevielle, D., Chéreau, I., Dubreucq, J., Faget-Agius, C., Fond, G. B., et al. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.021 · Cited by 7
Assessing metacognitive and help-seeking strategies in schizophrenia: design and psychometric validation of the Versailles Metacognitive Strategies Evaluation Questionnaire
Brunet-Gouet, É., Urbach, M., Ramos, V., Ehrminger, M., Aouizerate, B., Brunel, L., Capdevielle, D., Chéreau, I., Dubertret, C., Dubreucq, J., et al. (2019) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215519888784 · Cited by 5
Further Exploration of Personal and Social Functioning
Talevi, D., Pacitti, F., Costa, M., Rossi, A., Collazzoni, A., Crescini, C., & Rossi, R. (2019) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001036 · Cited by 5
Relationship Between Symptomatic Improvement and Overall Illness Severity in Patients With Schizophrenia
Fervaha, G., Agid, O., Takeuchi, H., Lee, J., Foussias, G., & Remington, G. J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000286 · Cited by 5
“For the anchor-based method, change scores for individuals experiencing a 1-point improvement in overall clinical status were compared with scores for patients who did not experience a change, an approach that has been used previously.(27) A 2-sided P value of less than 0.”
Method
Study protocol for the EYEdentify project: An examination of gaze behaviour in autistic adults using a virtual reality-based paradigm
Jeppesen, A. C. E., Andresen, J., Parvaiz, R., Clemmensen, L., Jepsen, J. R. M., Hansen, D. W., & Glenthøj, L. B. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0316502 · Cited by 5
The Prevalence of Tardive Dyskinesia In Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Antipsychotics In Malaysia
Nedunjelian, A., Ng, C. G., Lim, P. K., Sulaiman, A. H., Koh, O. H., & Francis, B. (2025) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s494458 · Cited by 4
“In a review of studies from 15 different countries involving 33,000 antipsychotic treated patients, Kane et al 22 found wide variation in TD rates among countries.”
Ribosomal DNA Abundance in the Patient’s Genome as a Feasible Marker in Differential Diagnostics of Autism and Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Ershova, E. S., Veiko, N. N., Геннадьевна, Н. С., Балакирева, Е. А., Мартынов, А. В., Chudakova, Y. M., Шмарина, Г. В., Kostyuk, S. V., Salimova, N., Veiko, R. V., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12111796 · Cited by 4
“The developmental dynamics was estimated using the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) adapted for childhood patients [26].”
Method
TV-46000, A Long-Acting Subcutaneous Antipsychotic Agent, Demonstrated Improved Patient-Centered Outcomes in Patients with Schizophrenia
Citrome, L., Suett, M., Franzenburg, K. R., Eshet, R., Elgart, A., rd, G. D., Harary, E., Tohami, O., Mychaskiw, M. A., & Kane, J. M. (2024) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s459104 · Cited by 4
Revisiting the relationship between impaired social functioning and psychopathology in schizophrenia
Handest, R., Mølstrøm, I.-M., Henriksen, M. G., & Nordgaard, J. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116389 · Cited by 4
Comments on the scoring guideline of the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP)
Opler, M. G., & Fu, D. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.039 · Cited by 4
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of oral paliperidone extended release in the treatment of schizophrenia: a 24-week, open-label, prospective switch study in different settings in Taiwan
Chen, C. Y., Tang, T., Chen, T.-T., Bai, Y. M., Tsai, H.-H., Chen, H.-L., Huang, C., Chen, C., Chen, C., Hsiao, M., et al. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s161186 · Cited by 4
Bireysel ve sosyal performans ölçeği'nin Türkçe sürümünün Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalişmasi.
Aydemır, Ö., Üçok, A., Danacı, A. E., Canpolat, T., Karadayı, G., Emiroğlu, B., & Sariöz, F. (2009) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · Cited by 4
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBT-p) Delivered in a Community Mental Health Setting: A Case Comparison of Clients Receiving CBT Informed Strategies by Case Managers Prior to Therapy
Sivec, H. J., Montesano, V. L., Skubby, D., Knepp, K. A., & Munetz, M. R. (2015) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9930-0 · Cited by 5
“The PSP was designed to assess the personal and social functioning of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (Kawata and Revicki 2008; Morosini et al. 2000; Nasrallah et al. 2008).”
Background
Outcome prediction with a social cognitive battery: a multicenter longitudinal study
Brunet-Gouet, É., Decaix-Tisserand, C., Urbach, M., Bazin, N., Aouizerate, B., Brunel, L., Capdevielle, D., Chéreau, I., Dubertret, C., Dubreucq, J., et al. (2021) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-021-00160-5 · Cited by 4
Yoga-Based Group Intervention for Inpatients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders—Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Outcomes of a Rater-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.
Hahne, I., Zierhut, M., Bergmann, N., Hahn, E., Ta, T. M. T., Calvano, C., Bajbouj, M., & Böge, K. (2026) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbae198 · Cited by 4
A review of functionality assessment scales in schizophrenia
Ifteni, P.-I., Miron, A. A., Petric, P. S., Teodorescu, A., & Manea, M. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1640963 · Cited by 3
Stability of psychotic symptoms and safety in switching to aripiprazole once-monthly according to prior oral antipsychotic drugs
Kim, E., Kim, S. C., Kim, S., Nam, B., Lee, K., Lee, B. J., Won, S., Lee, C. H., Jung, S.-W., Kim, S. I., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.04.033 · Cited by 3
“This enhanced focus on functioning assumes paramount importance in the treatment of schizophrenia, as it is closely associated with a more favorable prognosis and better community adaptation (Correll et al., 2022a; Nasrallah et al., 2008).”
Met and Unmet Needs in an Inpatient Psychiatry Setting in Spain
Sánchez-Lafuente, C. G., Parra, J. G., Lopez-Zambrano, M. A., Moreno‐Küstner, B., & Mayoral, F. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s307394 · Cited by 3
Effects of Long-acting Injectable 3-Monthly Paliperidone Palmitate on the Clinical and Social Performance of Patients with Schizophrenia
Oh, J., Oh, J., Kim, D. W., Youn, H., Kim, S.-H., Kim, S. I., Chung, I. W., Wang, K. S., Kim, M., Paik, J., et al. (2023) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2023.21.1.126 · Cited by 3
“symptoms are noticeable only to those familiar with the patients [22].”
Background
Predictors of psychosocial functioning in people diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders that committed violent offences and in those that did not: Results of the Recoviwel study
Nibbio, G., Calzavara‐Pinton, I., Barlati, S., Stanga, V., Bertoni, L., Necchini, N., Zardini, D., Lisoni, J., Deste, G., & Vita, A. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.023 · Cited by 3
“The PSP is a single-item, validated (Nafees et al., 2012; Nasrallah et al., 2008), interview-based scale assessing functioning during the last month in four areas: personal and social relationships, socially useful activities, self-care and disturbing and aggressive behavior, each one with six…”
Baseline Demographics and Characteristics From a Paliperidone Palmitate Study in Subjects with Recent-Onset Schizophrenia or Schizophreniform Disorder.
Brown, B., Alphs, L. D., Turkoz, I., & Yue, Y. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 3
Retracted
Cognitive behavioural therapy augmented with virtual reality exposure for treatment of social anxiety: A randomised clinical trial
Arnfred, B., Bang, P., Hjorthøj, C., Winding, C., Møller, K., Hvenegaard, M., Gausbøl, U. K., Sø, D., Rosenberg, N., & Nordentoft, M. (2019) · doi:10.21203/rs.2.504/v1 · Cited by 2
Brexpiprazole for anxiety symptoms in schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of short- and long-term trials
Ismail, Z., Kapadia, S., Palma, A. M., Yildirim, M., & Farovik, A. (2025) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2025.2552286 · Cited by 2
Dysfunctional Beliefs and Their Psychological Pathways to Negative Symptoms and Functioning in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Saperia, S., Prosserman, A., Anaya, E. F., Agarwal, S. M., Hahn, M., Best, M. W., Kidd, S. A., Zakzanis, K. K., & Foussias, G. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaf229 · Cited by 2
The influence of group physical activity on oxytocin, empathy, affect, and stress in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a single-arm, pilot and exploratory study
Zierhut, M. M., Hahne, I., Bergmann, N., Graesser, S., Alt, M., Töbelmann, L., Wohlthan, J., Huber, V., Ta, T. M. T., Bajbouj, M., et al. (2026) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-026-00420-9 · Cited by 2
“Sociodemographic and clinical data, including negative symptoms and social functioning measured by the Social Performance Scale (PSP), were assessed at baseline (T0) to describe the sample [51].”
An open-label, prospective study to evaluate social function and overall improvement of extended-release paliperidone treatment in Thai schizophrenia patients
Charnsil, C., & Vongpanich (2013) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s47276 · Cited by 2
“The PSP scale has been validated in acute and stable patients with schizophrenia.(10,11) An improvement of greater than or equal to one category (classified as a 10-point interval) on the PSP scale is considered a clinically relevant response.”
BackgroundMethod
Caractéristiques cliniques et évolutives des patients atteints de schizophrénie pris en charge avec le module de remédiation cognitive ToMRemed. Étude multicentrique en soins courants portant sur 110 patients
Bazin, N., Brunet-Gouet, É., & Passerieux, C. (2016) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2016.09.001 · Cited by 2
Clinician-reported outcomes in traditional Chinese medicine: A critical review
Zhang, Y., By, L., Jine, L. I., Zhang, R., Zhu, W., Ly, H., Xie, Q., Jq, H., Hui, K., & Hays, R. D. (2013) · OA Alternative Medicine · doi:10.13172/2052-7845-1-2-657 · Cited by 2
Promoting Psychosocial Functioning and Recovery in Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Santesteban‐Echarri, O., Rice, S., González‐Blanch, C., & Álvarez‐Jiménez, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815012-2.00018-3 · Cited by 2
Negative symptoms in alcohol use disorder: A pilot study applying the two-factor model of negative symptoms to patients with alcohol use disorder
Buschner, M., Dürsteler, K. M., Fischli, G., Hess, J., Kirschner, M., Kaiser, S., & Herdener, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.957924 · Cited by 1
“Diagnoses were collected with the MINI and psychosocial functioning with the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP).”
BackgroundInfluential
What factors should we modify to promote high functioning and prevent functional decline in people with schizophrenia?
Martínez-Cao, C., García-Fernández, A., González-Blanco, L., Madera, P. Z., Sáiz, P. A., García‐Portilla, M. P., & Bobes, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1181758 · Cited by 1
“To address our objective, the cut-off points proposed in this scale were used to classify patients (37).”
Method
iCogCA to Promote Cognitive Health Through Digital Group Interventions for Individuals Living With a Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Concurrent Controlled Trial
Au‐Yeung, C., Thai, H., Best, M. W., Bowie, C. R., Guimond, S., Lavigne, K. M., Menon, M., Moritz, S., Piat, M., Sauvé, G., et al. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/63269 · Cited by 1
Long-Term Symptomatic and Functional Remission with Paliperidone Palmitate 6-Monthly Treatment in Schizophrenia: A 3-Year Post-Hoc Analysis
Hamilton, J. M., Johnston, K., Simples, J., Turkoz, I., Lim, L., Antunes, J., Obando, C., & Mattingly, G. W. (2025) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s523687 · Cited by 1
“25 The rates observed at the 1-year DB endpoint (>50”
Can Machine Learning predict therapeutic outcomes in affective and not affective psychosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Monopoli, C., Colombo, F., Cazzella, T., Fortaner-Uyà, L., Raffaelli, L., Calesella, F., Mazza, M. G., Maccario, M., Pigoni, A., Maggioni, E., et al. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106357 · Cited by 2
Patient perspectives on modified virtual reality-assisted therapy for persistent auditory verbal hallucinations: A qualitative substudy of the CHALLENGE randomized clinical trial
Rasmussen, K., Vernal, D. L., Mariegaard, L. S., Jørgensen, G., Zeka, F., Smith, L. C., Nordentoft, M., Midtgaard, J., & Glenthøj, L. B. (2026) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251411033 · Cited by 1

Authors: Nasrallah, H., Morosini, P., & Gagnon, D. D.
Affiliations: University of Cincinnati (US)
Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
Corresponding author: Nasrallah, Henry
ORCID: Nasrallah, Henry
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-11
Volume: 161
Issue: 2
Pages: 213-224
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.11.012
OpenAlex: W2100441519
Cited by: 243
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 3.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Johnson and Johnson
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: Personal and Social Performance Scale, schizophrenia, social functioning, personal functioning, functional outcome assessment, test-retest reliability, construct validity, minimal clinically important difference, Clinical Global Impression Scale, antipsychotic drugs
MeSH terms: Adult, Ambulatory Care, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Social Adjustment, Antipsychotic Agents, Reproducibility of Results, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Risperidone, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Reliability, validity and ability to detect change of the Personal and Social Performance scale in patients with stable schizophrenia

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