Reliability of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: A meta-analysis over a period of 49years

Trajković, Goran; Starčević, Vladan; Latas, Milan; Leštarević, Miomir; Ille, Tanja; Bukumirić, Zoran; Marinković, Jelena

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.007

Cited by 303Psychometric Methodologies and TestingReliability and Agreement in MeasurementAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Reliability of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: A meta-analysis over a period of 49years

Trajković, Goran, Starčević, Vladan, Latas, Milan, Leštarević, Miomir, Ille, Tanja, Bukumirić, Zoran, Marinković, Jelena·2011·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.007

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive meta-analytic review of the reliability of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) for the period 1960-2008, taking into consideration all three types of reliability: internal consistency, inter-rater, and test-retest reliability. This is the first such meta-analytic study of a clinician-administered psychiatric scale. A thorough literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and PsycINFO. The total number of collected articles was 5548, of which 409 reported one or more reliability coefficients. The effect size was obtained by the z-transformation of reliability coefficients. The meta-analysis was performed separately for internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability. A pooled mean for alpha coefficient in random effects model was 0.789 (95%CI 0.766-0.810). The meta-regression analysis revealed that higher alpha coefficients were associated with higher variability of the HRSD total scores. With regard to inter-rater reliability, pooled means in random effects model were 0.937 (95%CI 0.914-0.954) for the intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.81 (95%CI 0.72-0.88) for the kappa coefficient, 0.94 (95%CI 0.90-0.97) for the Pearson correlation coefficient, and 0.91 (95%CI 0.78-0.96) for the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. A meta-regression analysis showed positive association between inter-rater reliability and publication year. Test-retest reliability of HRSD ranged between 0.65 and 0.98 and generally decreased with extending the interval between two measurements (Spearman r between the duration of interval and test-retest reliability figures=-0.74). Results suggest that HRSD provides a reliable assessment of depression. Figures indicate good overall levels of internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability, but some HRSD items (e.g., "loss of insight") do not appear to possess a satisfactory reliability.

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The HDRS has good internal consistency (α = .79), interrater reliability (r = .94), and test-retest reliability (r = .87).
“The HDRS is a widely used instrument and holds a good internal consistency of α = .79, an interrater reliability of r = .94, and a test-retest reliability of r = .87 [73].”
From Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [73]
The HRSD17 has shown good internal consistency (α = 79) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.87) in a recent meta-analysis.
“The HRSD17 has shown good internal consistency (α = 79) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.87) in a recent meta-analysis [22].”
From Antidepressant side effects and their impact on treatment outcome in people with major depressive disorder: an iSPOT-D report (2021) · cites this paper as [22]

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Authors: Trajković, G., Starčević, V., Latas, M., Leštarević, M., Ille, T., Bukumirić, Z., & Marinković, J.
Affiliations: University of Belgrade (RS)
The University of Sydney (AU)
University of Priština - Kosovska Mitrovica (XK)
Corresponding author: Trajković, Goran
ORCID: Starčević, Vladan
Latas, Milan
Bukumirić, Zoran
Marinković, Jelena
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-08
Volume: 189
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-9
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.007
OpenAlex: W1995485235
Cited by: 303
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 2.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, depression assessment, reliability statistics, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient, kappa statistic, Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, loss of insight
MeSH terms: Depression, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Databases, Factual

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Reliability of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: A meta-analysis over a period of 49years

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