Cited by 214Cancer survivorship and careCancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune ResponseTryptophan and brain disorders

Social support predicts inflammation, pain, and depressive symptoms: Longitudinal relationships among breast cancer survivors

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Hughes, Spenser, Jaremka, Lisa M., Alfano, Catherine M., Glaser, Ronald, Povoski, Stephen P., Lipari, Adele M., Agnese, Doreen M., Farrar, William B. +4 more·2014·Psychoneuroendocrinology

Abstract

Objective Pain and depressive symptoms are commonly experienced by cancer survivors. Lower social support is linked to a variety of negative mental and physical health outcomes among survivors. Immune dysregulation may be one mechanism linking low social support to the development of pain and depressive symptoms over time. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to examine the relationships among survivors' social support, pain, depressive symptoms, and inflammation.Methods Breast cancer survivors (N=164, stages 0-IIIA) completed two study visits, one before any cancer treatment and the other 6 months after the completion of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, whichever came last. Women completed self-report questionnaires assessing social support, pain, and depressive symptoms, and provided a blood sample at both visits.Results Survivors with lower social support prior to treatment experienced higher levels of pain and depressive symptoms over time than their more socially supported counterparts. Furthermore, women with lower pretreatment social support had higher levels of IL-6 over time, and these elevations in IL-6 predicted marginally larger increases in depressive symptoms.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that social support at the time of diagnosis predicts the post-treatment development of pain, depressive symptoms, and inflammation. Consequently, early interventions targeting survivors' social networks could improve quality of life during survivorship.

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Authors
Hughes, S., Jaremka, L. M., Alfano, C. M., Glaser, R., Povoski, S. P., Lipari, A. M., Agnese, D. M., Farrar, W. B., Yee, L. D., Carson, W. E., Malarkey, W. B., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K.
Affiliations
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Hughes, Spenser
Venue
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-04
Volume
42
Pages
38-44
ISSN
0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2135877653
Cited by
213
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3
FWCI
6.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001070, UL1TR000090)
  • National Cancer Institute (CA016058, K05CA172296, CA131029, R01CA131029, P30CA016058)
  • National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025755)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
breast cancer survivors, social support, pain, depressive symptoms, inflammation, interleukin-6, immune dysregulation, cancer survivorship, quality of life, social networks
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Depression, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Pain, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Survivors

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