The DOI matches its Crossref record; 156 of the 162 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 127 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective
Open accessOverview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 127 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
In the paper
“Socio-technical transitions to sustainability do not come about easily, because existing energy, transport, housing and agri-food systems are stabilized by lock-in mechanisms that relate to sunk investments, behavioural patterns, vested interests, infrastructure, favourable subsidies and regulations (Unruh, 2000).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Unruh, 2000 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“responses to the new environmental problems require more substantive 'transitions' in the coming decades, i.e. major changes in energy, transport, and agri-food systems (Elzen et al., 2004;Wiskerke and Van der Ploeg, 2004;Van den Bergh and Bruinsma, 2008; see also the papers in this special issue).1”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Elzen et al., 2004
- Not checked yetcites Wiskerke and Van der Ploeg, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Van den Bergh and Bruinsma, 2008
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Radical innovations emerge in niches, where dedicated actors nurture alignment and development on multiple dimensions to create 'configurations that work' (Rip and Kemp, 1998).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rip and Kemp, 1998
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The MLP is characterized not as a grand or unifying theory, but as a middle range theory that makes crossovers to some ontologies and not to others.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Ontologies postulate a certain causal agent and primary causal mechanism.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2. Foundational ontologies and socio-technical transitions to sustainability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It further argues that the MLP makes no crossovers to rational choice and functionalism, and can be fruitfully extended with insights from structuralism and power theories.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies of transitions thus inevitably highlight certain aspects and background others.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2. Foundational ontologies and socio-technical transitions to sustainability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes? Checkable: unclear✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Incumbents can sometimes reorient themselves and develop radical novelties that cannibalize their investments in existing technologies (Chandy and Tellis, 1998).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chandy and Tellis, 1998
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Incumbent firms tend to overlook or ignore radical innovations, because existing competences and routines blind them to alternatives outside their focus (Nelson and Winter, 1982).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nelson and Winter, 1982
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“For socio-technical change, evolutionary economics (EE), which focuses on firms, innovation, and market competition, is especially relevant (Nelson and Winter, 1982).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2. Evolution theory 2.2.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nelson and Winter, 1982
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 185
- It may state two separate claims as one. 104
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These 'levels' refer to heterogeneous configurations of increasing stability.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subsequent struggles between niches and regimes, and possible replacement, take place on multiple dimensions (e.g.markets, regulations, cultural meanings, infrastructure) and are enacted by interpretive actors that fight, negotiate, search, learn, and build coalitions as they navigate transitions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The MLP distinguishes three analytical levels: niches (the locus for radical innovations), socio-technical regimes, which are locked in and stabilized on several dimensions, and an exogenous socio-technical landscape.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The MLP proposes that transitions, which are defined as regime shifts, come about through interacting processes within and between these levels.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Transitions do not come about easily, because existing regimes are characterized by lock-in and path dependence, and oriented towards incremental innovation along predictable trajectories.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These niche-innovations may break through more widely if external landscape developments create pressures on the regime that lead to cracks, tensions and windows of opportunity.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Smith et al. (2005) argued that the MLP could pay more attention to agency and the role of power in socio-technical transitions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith et al. (2005)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The multi-level perspective (Rip and Kemp, 1998;Geels, 2002;Geels, 2004;Geels and Schot, 2007) is a framework for understanding sustainability transitions that provides an overall view of the multi-dimensional complexity of changes in socio-technical systems.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While some of these theories may suggest areas for extension of the MLP, it cannot be taken for granted that all theories can or should be incorporated.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, they did not explicate which systemic theories of change they had in mind (the Shove and Walker paper in this special issue advocates practice theories).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neo-classical economics conceptualizes transitions as changes in the economic structure (e.g. the shift from labour to capital), which are driven by changing prices of production factors and outputs, in response to which firms change their investment strategies and consumers change their purchase decisions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Freeman and Perez (1988) approach has been criticized for technological determinism, because of the suggested causality that techno-economic forces do the initial acting and the socio-institutional framework the subsequent reacting.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Freeman and Perez (1988)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Performance feedback, often via market selection, ultimately determines which innovations are retained and stored in the firm's routines.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2. Evolution theory 2.2.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strategy literature sees sustainability transitions as strategic dilemmas for firms, who have to balance the risks and opportunities associated with (sometimes multi-million dollar) investments.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Section 3 addresses the second question and positions the MLP as a crossover approach between evolution theory and interpretivism.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The relationship with relationism is ambiguous, hovering between inspiration and problems.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Shove and Walker (2007: 768), for instance, argue for “loosening the intellectual grip of 'innovation studies', for backing off from the nested, hierarchical multi-level model as the only model in town, and for exploring other social scientific, but also systemic theories of change” (italics in original, FG).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Shove and Walker (2007)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Micro-evolution deals with the mechanisms of variation, selection and retention that underlie genealogical lineages (trajectories).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2. Evolution theory 2.2.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“On the one hand, it may be rational to postpone 'green' invest-ments because of future uncertainties in government regulations, price fluctuations, the degree to which environmental concerns translate into a willingness to pay more for green products, and the emergence of 'green' markets (Rugman and Verbeke, 1998).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rugman and Verbeke, 1998
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While Section 3 discusses how the MLP makes crossovers to various ontologies, I thus recognize that the MLP is not the only approach that does so.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2. Foundational ontologies and socio-technical transitions to sustainability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It further argues that the MLP makes no crossovers to rational choice and functionalism, and can be fruitfully extended with insights from structuralism and power theories.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“TEPs refer to configurations of pervasive technologies, methods of production, economic structures, institutions and beliefs that are stable for long periods because certain 'key factors' offer great benefits.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other strategy scholars suggest, however, that incumbent firms may successfully defend their strategic positions when they possess relevant complementary assets such as specialized manufacturing capability, experience with large-scale test trials, access to distribution channels, service networks, or complementary technologies (Tripsas, 1997;Rothaermel, 2001).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other hand, 'green' technology leaders may benefit from first mover advantages (such as brand recognition, creation of market positions, technology lead, creation of patent barriers) that create favourable positions in future 'green' innovation races.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“To stimulate transitions in sustainable directions, neo-classical economists therefore argue that the conditions under which the markets operate should be changed (Butter and Hofkes, 2006).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Butter and Hofkes, 2006
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In sum, neo-classical economics conceptualizes transitions as gradual adjustment to changing prices.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The core drivers for such transitions are radical innovations, which emerge endogenously from the economic system by entrepreneurial action, and lead to creative destruction.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“New technologies, which emerge in particular sectors, initially face “a degree of mismatch between the techno-economic sub-system and the old socio-institutional framework” (p.59).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While Schumpeter was interested in broad socio-economic change, evolutionary economics since the 1980s focused more specifically on the role of technical change and innovation in firmand industry-level competition.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The causal agents in rational choice are self-interested, utilitarian individuals who use instrumental rationality as mechanism to choose the course of action that maximizes utility with regard to their (material) preferences, which are considered fixed and given.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ity transitions, but may also require some conceptual broadening to address the normativity and directionality of these transitions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Actors choose between alternatives that are assumed to readily exist (as a given choice-set).Actors are further assumed to have full and free information about the alternatives and the consequences of their choices.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following an evolutionary logic, the process consists of interactions between changes on the variation side (R&D investments, competence building, knowledge flows, price/performance improvements in 'green' technologies) and in the selection environment (e.g.stricter environmental regulations or changes in user preferences).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These suggestions come from very different social theory traditions, with different ontological assumptions about causal agents and causal mechanisms.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The conceptualization of agents builds on the behavioral theory of the firm (Cyert and March, 1963), in which actors are boundedly rational, because of information processing limitations.Actors therefore use routines, heuristics, standard operating procedures in decisionmaking and day-to-day problem solving.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2. Evolution theory 2.2.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cyert and March, 1963
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Freeman and Louc ¸ȃ (2001) therefore refined the approach by distinguishing five equally important 'sub-systems': science, technology, economy, politics and culture.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Freeman and Louc ¸ȃ (2001)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It argues that novelties and radical innovations emerge endogenously through speciation, niches and entrepreneurship (Cattani, 2006).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cattani, 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A broader approach to transitions focuses on shifts in technoeconomic paradigms (TEP) that span the entire economy (Freeman and Perez, 1988).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Freeman and Perez, 1988
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a neo-classical view environmental problems are caused by market failures, because producers are causing negative effects (externalities) that are not reflected in the price, and by the public good character of a clean environment (which leads to 'free rider' effects that limit 'green' investments).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Work on 'green' techno-economic paradigms (Freeman, 1992) emphasises the 'green' potential of the ICT-paradigm for energy and material savings in existing products and production processes (e.g.better monitoring and control, miniaturization, teleworking, teleconferencing).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Freeman, 1992
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Attackers are thought to have advantages because they are more agile and flexible in responding to new technologies than incumbent firms for whom the initial small markets do not generate enough profits and return-on-investment (Foster, 1986;Christensen, 1997).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Foster, 1986
- Not checked yetcites Christensen, 1997
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Firms are adaptive agents that engage in problemistic search to find solutions to these problems.Search processes such as R&D, which generate innovations, are also guided by routines such as search heuristics and resource allocation routines.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2. Evolution theory 2.2.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In technological discontinuity approaches, transitions towards sustainability are driven by the development of 'green' technologies.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The positioning school, especially as developed in some of the industrial organization literature, addresses transitions in terms of new entrants and new technologies that contest the positions of existing firms and technologies.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strategy planning school has little to say about transitions, because it assumes stable conditions where plans can be made and administered.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neo-classical economics is the main exemplar, focusing on rational resource allocation decisions under conditions of scarcity.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Micro-evolution thus conceptualizes change as incremental adaptation, which proceeds through trial-and-error and behavioural learning.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2. Evolution theory 2.2.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because socio-technical transitions are multi-dimensional phenomena, they can be studied from various angles by different disciplines.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2. Foundational ontologies and socio-technical transitions to sustainability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Socio-technical transitions are multi-dimensional phenomena.
In the paper
“Firms that have a 'green' lead may also convince policy makers to issue stricter regulations and thus impose 'imitation costs' on competitors (Puller, 2006).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.1.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Puller, 2006 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One qualifier is that not all of these ontologies explicitly address sustainability or transitions in their entire socio-technical complexity.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2. Foundational ontologies and socio-technical transitions to sustainability
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Criticizing the gradual adjustment view of neo-classical economics, Schumpeter (1939), for instance, argued that economic “evolution is lopsided, discontinuous, disharmonious by nature. . .studded with violent outbursts and catastrophes. . .more like a series of explosions than a gentle, though incessant, transformation” (p.102).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schumpeter (1939)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
““These mechanisms are empirically underspecified, exist outside specific spatial and temporal boundaries, and cannot be directly observed.(. ..) they are treated as ontologically primitive causes of outcomes and associations” (Mahoney, 2004: 461).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2. Foundational ontologies and socio-technical transitions to sustainability
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mahoney, 2004 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Search tends to be close to existing routines, localized and incremental: “the probability distribution of what is found is concentrated on techniques close to the current one” (Nelson and Winter, 1982: 211).This means that actors do not optimize, but satisfice: they do not explore the whole search space, but stop searching when they find an alternative that seems satisfactory.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2. Evolution theory 2.2.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nelson and Winter, 1982
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The causal agent in evolution theory is a population of heterogeneous agents.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2. Evolution theory 2.2.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Macro-evolution deals with long-term change patterns such as transformation, speciation, ecological invasion, punctuation and extinction.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Markard and Truffer (2008) argued that incorporation of the technological innovation systems (TIS) approach into the MLP might result in an “overarching conceptualization” and “encompassing theoretical framework of socio-technical change” (p.612).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Markard and Truffer (2008)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Major mal-adjustments between sub-system dynamics lead to economic crises and opportunities for the breakthrough of major innovations and new TEPs.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For general social systems Parsons (1951) distinguished four core functions (AGIL) that need fulfilment to maintain stable continuation: (1) Adaptation: interaction with nature and produce commodities, (2) Goal-attainment: setting goals and implementing appropriate decisions, (3) Integration: creation of harmony and convergence through shared values and norms, (4) Latency: pattern maintenance over”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Parsons, 1951
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Such shifts not only influence consumer preferences and values but also create credibility pressure on and legitimacy for policy makers to introduce strict regulations.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.2. Transition dynamics
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Transition management advocates (Rotmans et al., 2001) suggest that this process can be facilitated through participatory visioning exercises, multistakeholder learning processes, and societal debates.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rotmans et al., 2001 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Complex systems theory conceptualizes transitions as punctuated equilibria, shifts from one dynamically stable state to another (Holland, 1995).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holland, 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While this suggestion resonates with structuralism, which argues that large-scale changes start with new ideas, ideologies and discourses, it also indicates that realization of change also requires spillovers to other domains (e.g.politics, economics).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neo-functionalists therefore developed more dynamic frameworks that allow more agency and include crossovers to interpretivism, structuralism and conflict theories.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the 1960s and 1970s, Parson's structural-functionalism was criticized for reification, teleology, an over-socialized view of actors, and a bias towards consensus and stability.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“While early theorists emphasised isomorphism, conformity and stability, institutional scholars have also begun to investigate variety, change and strategic responses to institutional pressures (Greenwood and Hinings, 1996).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Greenwood and Hinings, 1996
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Dynamic system theories also emerged from the natural and technical sciences, e.g.system dynamics, integrated systems theory, soft systems approaches and complex systems theory (Holland, 1995;Kauffman, 1995).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holland, 1995
- Not checked yetcites Kauffman, 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“One examplar is structural anthropology, which aims to uncover the cultural 'deep grammar' made up of 'binary' opposites (Lévi-Strauss, 1963).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lévi-Strauss, 1963
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Morel and Ramanujam (1999) therefore characterize complexity theory as a heterogeneous ensemble of exciting observations, which, however, need further operationalization beyond the metaphors for broader application in the social domain.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Morel and Ramanujam, 1999
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“such a shift would require a greater sense of urgency about the new environmental problems and widespread beliefs that radical 'green' innovations are feasible and desirable.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The causal agent in functionalism is the social system.The causal mechanism is the fulfillment of system needs/goals by actors who fulfil functions, tasks or roles.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While evolutionary theory assumes 'bounded rationality' (based on information processing limitations), interpretivism/constructivism focuses on intersubjective sense-making and symbolic constructions of reality through which people create shared interpretations (Berger and Luckman, 1967).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Berger and Luckman, 1967
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There is not one 'green' innovation around which opinions coalesce.Instead, there are multiple 'green' options, which are appraised differently by various social groups.6”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.3. Sustainability transitions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Functionalism thus tends to assume a top-down 'cockpit' view with benevolent leaders and experts adjusting systems in appropriate directions (technocracy).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Giddens's (1984) structuration theory is an interpretive approach that makes crossovers to structural ontologies, defining structures somewhat abstractly as 'rules and resources'.Actors are seen as knowledgable agents who actively draw upon rules in concrete interactions.They interpret and tailor rules to the demands of specific contexts.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Giddens, 1984
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The social construction of technology (SCOT) approach, for instance, argues that social groups attach different meanings to new technologies (Bijker, 1995), leading to clashing opinions and heated debates, which create uncertainty and prevent full commitments from policy makers, consumers, and investors.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bijker, 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although he does not spell out the dynamics of these green system innovations, Freeman does highlight the importance of long-term policy frameworks, highlevel government support, long-term technology programs with a variety of participants, and strong support of public opinion.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These cognitive 'deep structures' are therefore the causal agents, operating 'behind the backs' of individual actors and defining what is desirable, acceptable and legitimate.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While actors are seen as embedded in rules, structuration theory thus maintains active and interpretive dynamics.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“sustainability transitions may require a shift towards the second agenda.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.3. Sustainability transitions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While this suggestion resonates with structuralism, which argues that large-scale changes start with new ideas, ideologies and discourses, it also indicates that realization of change also requires spillovers to other domains (e.g.politics, economics).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These criticisms tainted the reputation of functionalism and made it 'suspicious' in social theory.7”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Sustainability is an ambiguous and contested concept.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.3. Sustainability transitions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Sustainability transitions should therefore not be seen as technocratic challenges, but as deliberative social learning processes (Stirling, 2007).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stirling, 2007 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“interpretivism/constructivism perceives actors as creative and continuously engaged in sense-making (Weick, 1979).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Weick, 1979
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Later scholars (e.g.Mouzelis, 1995) argued, however, that the baby may have been thrown out with the bathwater and that the suspicion of functionalism makes it difficult to ask questions about larger social constellations.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mouzelis, 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Learning not only includes behavioural learning (learning-by-doing which evolutionary theories operationalize through search and performance feedback), but also cognitive learning (which emphasizes action, reflection and sensemaking) (Schön, 1983;Gavetti and Levinthal, 2000).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schön, 1983
- Not checked yetcites Gavetti and Levinthal, 2000
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although functionalism assumes a division of tasks and responsibilities, all groups are impelled to contribute to the overall goal: stable functioning of the social system.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Structuralism perceives actors as part of social collectives that share particular belief systems, symbolic sets and cultural categories that provide meaning and a sense of direction.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Braudel (1993), for instance, distinguishes three phases in the transition to welfare states: (1) the ideological phase (1815-1870), where social reformers drew attention to poverty-related problems and developed new ideas and vocabularies with words like industrialist, capitalist, exploitation, proletariat, the masses, and Socialism; (2) the phase of mobilization , where militant labor (trade un”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Braudel (1993)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“But in his conclusions, Freeman (1992: 207) acknowledges that this is not sufficient: “the incremental improvement of existing systems will not be enough to achieve the scale of reduction in energy and materials consumption which will be needed in the industrial countries during the twenty-first century.Radical innovations will be needed including new transport, construction and industrial systems”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.2.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Freeman (1992)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In structural-functionalism, change is caused by external disturbances that disrupt equilibriums, create tensions, and change system needs.The system then adjusts through changes in the Goalattainment and Adaptation-functions and settles down in a new equilibrium.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Actors not only have different interpretations of the right balance between social, economic and environmental sustainability, but also have different rankings of environmental problems and hold different views about the (dis)advantages of particular solutions and the most appropriate policy packages.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.3. Sustainability transitions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Modern societies have developed industries, markets, science and technology for Adaptation; political institutions for Goal-attainment; religion and civil society for Integration; and schools and families for Latency.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In his famous switchmen metaphors, Weber argued that shifts in societal beliefs, ideas and ideologies may influence the direction of societal development.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Weber
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While some claim that complex systems theory can be applied to economic, ecological and social systems (Holling, 2001), the operationalization of actors tends to be abstract and with few concrete sociological characteristics (Horgan, 1995).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas functionalism distinguishes separate domains and sub-systems, these system theories address dynamic interactions between system elements.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Also macro-historians suggest that ideological and cultural changes often create an initial impetus for societal change.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For deliberate (purposive) transitions, political leaders (Holling, 2001: 394). and experts develop new goals and subsequently use science and technology to adjust the economic sub-system.The new system is then anchored in new behavioural norms and values through the internally oriented functions (Integration, Latency).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interactive mechanisms are conversations, debates, negotiations, and learning processes.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Conformity to cognitive institutions confers legitimacy, which help firms to create public acceptance, political protection and venture capital mobilization (Suchman, 1995).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Suchman, 1995 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“More radical cultural shifts are advocated by 'deep ecology' and eco-centrist approaches (Katz et al., 2000), which reject 'Modernism' (based on economic growth, science, technical progress) and advocate 'deep green' life styles, localism and decentralized renewable energy options.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.3.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Katz et al., 2000
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The interpretive/constructivist ontology is, like structuralism, interested in 'meaning', but it takes a more agency-oriented approach.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.4.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When internal dynamics create rigidities (reducing the system's adaptive potential) or vulnerabilities (moving the system towards thresholds), external shocks may lead to system collapse, the release of accumulated resources and a shift towards a new 'basin of attraction'.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Struggles, plotting, and coalition building thus appeared as a dimension of all social domains where people have conflicting interests.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These scholars therefore ask for more analytical attention to the 'socio' in socio-technical transitions and for analysis of the construction of 'normality' in user practices.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Corporatist networks may also change because of credibility pressure from public opinion (see the discussion under structuralism) and the electorate, the other constituency policy makers depend on.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.6.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the growth phase, entrepreneurs exploit new opportunities, gradually leading to the emergence of a new system (guided by an attractor).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Relationist theories contain no exogenous causes, because everything is endogenized in terms of networks and ongoing relations.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Acknowledging non-linear dynamics and uncertainties in complex systems, scholars in the Resilience Alliance (www.resalliance.org/1.php)argue for adaptive management of socio-environmental systems based on diversity, learning, flexibility, stakeholder involvement (Berkes et al., 2003).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Berkes et al., 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conflict and power scholars have thus made crossovers to other ontologies.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a functionalist logic (external) environmental shocks and disasters may therefore be needed to achieve sustainability transitions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conflict theories are opposites of functionalism in various respects.Where functionalism sees society as static, conflict theories see processes and struggles; where functionalism emphasizes the orderliness of society, conflict theorists see contestation and conflict; where functionalism sees society as being held together by norms, values and shared goals, conflict scholars argue that order”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a similar vein, Hård (1993) developed a social conflict approach that criticized the Social Construction of Technology Approach for analyzing interpretive closure processes in terms of consensual negotiation and highlighted power struggles as closure mechanism in technological change.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hård, 1993
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Holling (2001) schematically portrays an adaptive cycle, which is supposed to hold for all complex adaptive systems and consists of four phases: exploitation/growth, accumulation/conservation, collapse/release and renewal/reorganization (Fig. 2).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holling, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As connections increase and resource accumulate, systems gain stability and move into the conservation phase, characterized by a semi-stable equilibrium that may persist for a long time.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the last 50-100 years, people experienced and enacted major shifts in social practices such as bathing and showering, office heating and cooling, and the laundry, leading to major increases in the use of chemicals, water, and energy (Shove, 2003).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Shove, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“While Neo-Marxist theories tend to focus on collective actors, other conflict theorists shifted the focus to 'micro-power' (Collins, 1975) and conflicts between self-interested individuals.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Collins, 1975
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Practice approaches have also been extended to user practices, which are conceptualized as fluid constellations of material objects/technologies, symbolic meanings and images, and user competence/skills (Shove and Pantzar, 2005).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Shove and Pantzar, 2005
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This short phase is followed by reorganization of elements and resources (self-organization, experimentation, new combinations).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While relationism criticizes other ontologies for reification and essentialism, other ontologies criticize relationism for relativism and limited explanatory potential.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Niche actors, who also lobby for subsidies or favourable regulations, are usually less influential, because they have less political and economic clout.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.6.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ANT therefore talks of human and non-human 'actants' and conceptualizes innovation as complex alignment process of heterogeneous elements.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although the purpose is to prevent transitions (understood as collapse of productive eco-systems), it is interesting that these suggestions have similarities with transition management (Rotmans et al., 2001) that aims to stimulate transitions to more sustainable systems.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rotmans et al., 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“One exemplar is figuration sociology (Elias, 1978), which argues that actors are caught up in social figurations characterized by emergent characteristics and unintended consequences:”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Elias, 1978
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“ANT, for example, conceptualises the world as 'flat' (or folded) and refutes the notion of institutions or structural levels:”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Callon, 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practice theories form another exemplar, focusing on local practices and everyday lifeworlds, and highlighting mechanisms such as improvisation, tinkering, bricolage, and repair work (see also Shove and Walker in this special issue).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They use terms such as 'horizontal circulation', 'interconnectedness of many elements', 'active integration of constitutive elements', and 'practices have emergent and uncontrollable trajectories' to hint at interesting dynamics.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But because these terms are more descriptive than explanatory, it remains unclear how they can be used to 'analyse the dynamics of convention' in a way that goes beyond the empirical mapping of individual cases.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The problem for sustainability transitions is that many unsustainable industries have many economic resources and good political contacts, which may hinder, delay or water down strict environmental regulations.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.6.3. Sustainability transitions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Theories may therefore be defamiliarizing and rich in paradox.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Causal agents in the conflict and power ontology are collective actors (classes, industry associations, social movements, special-interest groups) with conflicting goals and interests.The core mechanism is conflict and power struggle, with dominant groups using power (force, domination, control, exclusion) to protect their interests against subordinate groups that seek change.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This work focuses more on adaptation than mitigation, asking how socioenvironmental systems should adapt to stresses that come from natural resource exploitation or environmental change.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While moves by individual actors and specific events can be explained with causal mechanisms (e.g.calculation, power struggles, interpretation), the interweaving of individual moves leads to event sequences and aggregated processes that are not foreseen or controlled.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While it is doable to empirically 'follow the actors' in these projects, this method creates practical problems for large-scale transitions with many thousands of actors.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.2. Transition dynamics
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The previous sections demonstrated the breath of generic social science traditions and how their insights can be related to sociotechnical transitions and sustainability.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.8. Intermediate conclusion
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This abstract representation shows family resemblances to Schumpeterian waves of creative destruction.8 But since specific social mechanisms remain underspecified, it also has deterministic and teleological overtones (related to attractors and predetermined phases).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The environmental sense of urgency will then be lower than for functional problems such as congestion or energy security that directly affect transport and energy systems.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are various conflict and power theories, which highlight different sources of power and different social groups.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Their commentary suggests that changes in social practices come about through integration (or erosion) of various 'elements' or 'ingredients'.12”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Also Røpke (2001) argues that the environmental debate is skewed towards supplyside issues, ignoring major (unsustainable) demand-side changes that led to larger housing areas, more household equipment, higher meat consumption, greater mobility, more long-distance travel, etc.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Røpke, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Dynamic networks are primary, actors secondary.10”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Marx, for instance, emphasised the power related to material resources, arguing that capitalists who own property and 'means of production' have control over workers who must sell their labour to earn a living.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The new vocabulairies and concepts can, however, be criticized for empiricism: good at description, weak at explanation (Collins and Yearley, 1992).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.2. Transition dynamics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Collins and Yearley, 1992
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Causal mechanisms emphasise processes such as alignment, enrolment, attachments, translation, co-construction and mutual constitution.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sustainability transitions in this ontology may thus require either increasing pressure from public opinion on policy makers or further growth of 'green' niches into important economic sectors that can successfully lobby for further regulatory changes.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.6.3. Sustainability transitions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Relationism instead assumes that the identity, preferences and interests of individual actors are fluid and constituted by relations and ongoing interactions, which are therefore the causal agent.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“An exemplar in the STI-field is actor-network theory (e.g.Latour, 1987).While Elias looks at social figurations, ANT develops a relationist view that includes materiality (artefacts, technology).In this view, humans not only shape artefacts, but artefacts also shape humans.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Latour, 1987
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For sustainability transitions, structural-functionalism argues that societies, especially policy makers, should set overarching environmental goals (e.g. the Kyoto Protocol, Millennium Development Goals).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Relationism is a non-essentialist process ontology, which criticizes other ontologies for assuming that people have foundational attributes and for (fruitlessly) searching for ultimate causes.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.7.1. Causal agents, causal mechanisms, exemplars
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Critical theorists from the Frankfurt school (e.g.Horkheimer and Adorno, 1947) also emphasized the cultural dimensions of power and oppression, in particular the rise of culture industries and instrumental rationality.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Horkheimer and Adorno, 1947
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In response to Marx's presumed economic determinism (with technical and economic 'substructures' driving change in institutional and cultural 'superstructures'), Hegelian Marxists such as Gramsci (1932) argued that stability of the status quo not only comes from economic domination and state coercion, but also from 'hegemony', ideology and belief systems that make existing structures look 'natural”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.3. Sustainability transitions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gramsci, 1932
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The emerging new configuration then provides new opportunities for entrepreneurs.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 2.5.2. Transition dynamics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But the MLP's embeddedness view does not necessarily deny the possibility of 'rational choice'.Instead, rational choice can be a special case in the context of stable rule structures that enable calculation.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.1. Rational choice
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third position, eclecticism, can produce workable frameworks for particular purposes (like good engineers can sometimes combine technical elements without caring too much about the underlying scientific foundations).The risk, however, is that ad-hoc combinations produce inconsistent frameworks and remain fuzzy about dynamic relationships between very different dimensions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But such strategic reorientation is unlikely until existing regimes begin to destabilize.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Levinthal (1992) suggests that the development of new knowledge and competences usually precedes such changes in strategy and mission, because this provides the internal resources for reorientation.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Levinthal (1992) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the multi-dimensionality of niche-regime-landscape interactions is a strength of the MLP, this is conceptualized in a general and heuristic sense.The MLP could therefore benefit from conceptual extensions of multi-level interaction on various dimensions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(b) 'theory as narrative', which explains social processes as sequences of events that are enacted by social groups; the methodological emphasis is on intentions and motivations (hermeneutics, Verstehen), analytical generalization, and dynamic patterns”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although rational choice has limited relevance for understanding transitions (eras of ferment), the MLP could accommodate rational choice at the regime level during stable periods.Rational choice may also offer insights for the diffusion phases of new technologies: once dominant designs and new institutions have stabilized, policy makers and firms are better able to make costbenefit calculations”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.1. Rational choice
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The fourth position, inter-ontology crossovers, focuses on interactions between ontologies (Gioia and Pitre, 1990;Lewis and Grimes, 1999).Crossover approaches recognize differences between ontologies, but work on dynamic interplay rather than overarching synthesis.Ontologies are not perceived as pieces in a jigsaw puzzle, but also not accepted as fully incommensurable.Instead, this position is”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gioia and Pitre, 1990 source
- Not checked yetcites Lewis and Grimes, 1999
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I therefore argue that the MLP does not make crossovers to functionalism.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.3. Functionalism
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But the MLP is not a functionalist framework because it does not assume that all actors work towards shared system goals, has no teleology, and no bias towards stability.Coordinating regime rules are described as semi-coherent, which allows for possible tensions and conflicts.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.3. Functionalism
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using the punctuated equilibrium framework, we can say that rational choice may hold for periods of incremental change when socio-institutional structures form stable backgrounds that allow rational calculation (Fig. 3).But it faces problems for periods of ferment, when background structures are opened up and social, political and organizational processes gain prominence.The accompanying flux,”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.1. Rational choice
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first position, full integration into an encompassing theory, is difficult, because some ontologies focus on individual actors, others on larger wholes and collectives; some focus on 'objective' reality and material interests, while others see reality as inter-subjectively created.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The MLP already makes ad-hoc crossovers to structuralism, incorporating macro-cultural changes at the landscape level.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The second position, incommensurability, assumes that interaction between ontologies is impossible.It thus privileges 'normal science' that stays within existing paradigms and hinders theoretical innovations through 'new combinations' between ontologies.It also tends towards reductionism (emphasising single causes) and constant-cause explanations (assuming that one causal mechanism operates contin”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the MLP's landscape level refers to the deep structural dimension of culture, actors at regime and niche levels engage in cultural actions, developing discourses that draw on deep cultural categories and frame issues in such a way as to confer legitimacy to their actions and/or technologies.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Because social movements start as outsiders to existing orders, they tend to use non-institutionalized action (protest marches, blockades, strikes, petitions) to exert pressure for change.Early SMT scholars highlighted the mobilization of resources (members, money, expertise) as the main mechanism for increasing the pressure (McCarthy and Zald, 1977).To complement this 'internal push' mechanism,”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.4. Conflict and power
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Attempts at integration (e.g.Bourdieu, Alexander) have been criticised for abstract theorising about philosophical principles rather than sociological mechanisms, for coining new words that restate foundational tensions without solving them, and for a general dissociation from empirical research (Burger, 1986;Van den Berg, 1998).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Burger, 1986 source
- Not checked yetcites Van den Berg, 1998
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I therefore suggest that complex systems theory constitutes an alternative way of investigating transitions, with intriguing similarities but also differences to the MLP (see Sections 2.5.2 and 2.5.3).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.3. Functionalism
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Actors are not cultural dopes who passively follow rules.Instead, they are knowledgeable agents (Giddens, 1984), who interpret and apply rules creatively (although within constraints).Retention is not only a process of 'retaining what works' (as in behavioural theory), but also an interpretive, negotiated and contested process of institutionalization.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Giddens, 1984
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This accommodates both behavioural learning ('trial-and-error' dynamics from evolution theory) and cognitive learning (sense-making from interpretivism).Between the levels there is an evolutionary logic, with heterogeneous niche-innovations providing (radical) variety that interacts with broader selection environments (at regime and landscape levels).But the creation of fit between variations and”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Discourse analysts added interactive dimensions by addressing collective sensemaking around specific issues.Because collective sense-making is an ongoing process, the interpretations sediment into particular discourses, i.e. ways of talking and thinking about issues (Hajer, 1995).Discourses contain deep structural elements that are framed by actors in particular ways.This discursive framing is a”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hajer, 1995
- Not checked yetcites Suchman, 1995 source
- Not checked yetcites Lounsbury and Glynn, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Regime actors develop discourses that maintain or restore legitimacy when they are faced with problems or criticisms (television debates, advertisements).Social movements and niche actors try to delegimate the regime by framing industry practices or responses to problems as 'insufficient', 'outdated', 'irresponsible', or 'unacceptable' (Oliver, 1992).Niche actors also engage in cultural framing”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(c) 'theory as enlightenment', which aims to clear away conventional notions, uncover hidden structures, or introduce unconventional, creative and surprising frameworks.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reason is that incumbent firms in the car, electricity, and food industries posses many complementary assets (see Section 2.1) that are relevant for the upscaling and commercialization of green niche-innovations.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This work not only shows that incumbent firms can overcome the lock-in mechanisms that tie them to existing technological regimes, but also suggest that deliberate changes in firm strategy are crucial for reorientation.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Teece et al., 1997 source
- Not checked yetcites Tushman and O'Reilly, 1996
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This crossover is facilitated by similarities in ontological assumptions.Most importantly, both ontologies assume creative and heterogeneous actors, but also acknowledge the embedded-ness of actors in regimes.Furthermore, both have an intrinsic focus on process and development over time, and can explain both incremental and radical change (Table 2).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The previously discussed ontologies refer to foundational positions and assumptions about the properties of causal agents and causal mechanisms in the social world.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Variation is seen as guided by expectations (Van Lente, 1993), visions and beliefs that provide cognitive substance to search and innovation processes by intentional actors.Selection occurs in a multi-dimensional selection environment, which incorporates not only markets and regulations, but also social, cultural, and political requirements.Retention occurs in technological regimes, which are”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Lente, 1993
- Not checked yetcites Rip and Kemp, 1998
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These kinds of crossovers to structuralism may enrich the MLP with cultural mechanisms that enable scholars to analyze how discursive struggles between niche and regime actors, in the context of changing (landscape) repertoires, influence the speed and direction of socio-technical transitions (Geels and Verhees, 2008).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Geels and Verhees, 2008
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Discursive action and legitimacy thus form mechanisms that link cultural dimensions to politics and economics.These crossover mechanisms also provide interesting extensions of the MLP (Geels and Verhees, 2008).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Geels and Verhees, 2008
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The 'interpretive turn' in cultural studies argues that meaning arises from interpretation, a process in which actors actively draw upon cultural deep structures.Meaning arises from the mobilization and ordering of cultural symbols and cognitive categories.Cultural deep structures thus become 'toolkits' or 'repertoires' that actors use to make sense (Swidler, 1986).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Swidler, 1986 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“But this is mostly done in an adhoc way.Because the MLP does not provide detailed explanations of the sources and changes of power, it could benefit from richer, multi-faceted views of power and conflict (Smith et al., 2005).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.4. Conflict and power
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith et al., 2005
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Lukes (1974), for instance, distinguished 'three faces of power', the first being the use of political power and authority in formal decisionmaking arenas.The second relates to the power to place issues on or keep them off the agenda (backroom deals, lobbying, implicit threats).The third is about influencing the preferences of subordinate groups so that they do not feel the urge to place issues on”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.4. Conflict and power
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lukes (1974)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The MLP may also benefit from crossovers to social movement theory (SMT), which explicitly deals with conflicts between established orders and groups that aim to correct some perceived injustice.These crossovers may be especially fruitful for transitions towards normative goals (such as 'sustainability').”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.4. Conflict and power
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Interpretive strategy scholars further argue that strategic reorientation also tends to be preceded by changes in belief systems and interpretive schemes, which alter the perceptions of the future viability of existing regimes and the chances of niche-innovations (Grinyer and McKiernan, 1990;Barr et al., 1992).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grinyer and McKiernan, 1990
- Not checked yetcites Barr et al., 1992 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“But this kind of 'top-down' structuralism has been criticised for reification, a monolithic view of cultural deep structures, and determinism.Cultural sociology and discourse analysis therefore developed more dynamic and agency-oriented approaches that conceptualize linkages between symbolic deep structures on the one hand and framing struggles and 'collective meaning making' on the other hand (Sp”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Spillman, 2002
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(a) 'theory as covering laws', where explanations derive from drawing on general laws; the methodological emphasis is on measurement, variables, and statistical generalization;”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The MLP has been criticized for being functionalist (Smith et al., 2005;Genus and Coles, 2008), although more via labelling than substantiated argument (see also footnote 7).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.3. Functionalism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith et al., 2005
- Not checked yetcites Genus and Coles, 2008
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specific theories and conceptual frameworks may stay within one ontology, as the previously discussed exemplars, or work from multi-dimensional and more complex assumptions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.1. Four meta-theoretical positions
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These approaches suggest possibilities for theoretical extensions of the MLP that address cultural interactions between niche, regime and landscape levels.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.2. Structuralism
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These kinds of crossovers, which address the co-evolution of firm strategy, perceptions and technological knowledge, can enrich the MLP with business-related mechanisms of niche-regime interactions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.2. The main crossover in the MLP: evolution theory and interpretivism
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rational choice, functionalism, and relationism are rich ontologies that can generate alternative frameworks on (sustainability) transitions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Mintzberg et al. (1998), for instance, distinguish ten different schools in strategic management.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mintzberg et al. (1998)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although Shove and Walker (this special issue) argue for a 'flatter model characterised by multiple relations (rather than hierarchical levels)', they also use notions such as 'enduring and relatively stable practices' and 'trajectories' (which refer to relatively stable and predictable structures).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Shove and Walker (this special issue)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The former means that sustainability transitions will be full of debates about the relative importance of various environmental problems, which entail deep-seated values and beliefs.The latter means that private actors have no immediate incentive to address sustainability problems.Public authorities and civil society will therefore be crucial drivers for sustainability transitions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MLP frames the topic of transitions in a certain way and asks particular questions about patterns and mechanisms.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Foucault also developed views on power in which discourse (or episteme) exerts influence by defining what is acceptable(Foucault, 1970).”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Foucault, 1970
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The MLP has been inspired by relationism, e.g.via Rip and Kemp (1998) who draw on actor-network theory (ANT) notions such as heterogeneous configuration, a socio-technical focus where social and technical elements co-construct each other, and an emphasis on ongoing processes, linkages and alignments.Also some of Geels and Schot's (2007) transition pathways (reconfiguration and dealignment/realigm”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.5. Relationism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rip and Kemp (1998)
- Not checked yetcites Geels and Schot's (2007)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One caveat to this call for opening up innovation studies is that various theories cannot be added up and combined as pieces in a puzzle.One needs to be reflexive about differences in theoretical traditions and underlying assumptions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, current transport, energy, agri-food and other domains are characterized by multiple 'green' niche-innovations.This variety deviates from many historical transitions that were characterized by one, two or sometimes three niche alternatives.It also raises difficult questions of directionality and choice between multiple transition pathways, especially since these will influence our future”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, ANT does have notions of networks with varying degrees of stability.Callon et al. (1992), for instance, suggests that techno-economic networks are more stable if they are longer, more complete/chained and convergent.This view creates opportunities for investigating interactions between stable networks (e.g.existing socio-technical systems) and emerging networks (e.g.niche-innovations”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.5. Relationism
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Callon et al. (1992)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“WhereasGenus and Coles's (2008) suggest that SCOT (Social Construction of Technology) should be incorporated in the MLP, interpretivist theories have thus always been part of the MLP.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Genus and Coles's (2008)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is related to the analytical fear for reification (something that Willem Halfman once called 'reificifobia'), which leads to limited attention for broader structures (cognitive, political, economic) that could be useful for explaining broader patterns.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One might argue that ANT could be positioned at the MLP's niche-level.ANT's emphasis on innovations 'in-the-making' and the focus on what actors do in practices to make heterogeneous configurations work has some fit with the fluidity, uncertainty and experimental projects within technological niches.But ANT-scholars might perceive such an argument as pushing their views into an analytical straight”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.5. Relationism
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“The MLP is not a grand theory or unifying framework that synthesizes all available theories, but a middle range theory (Geels, 2007) that addresses a specific topic, is based on particular crossovers between evolution theory and interpretivism”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Geels, 2007
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“SMT thus provides a multi-dimensional view on power struggles where social movements contest existing regimes and support niches.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.4. Conflict and power
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In the latter case, frameworks or perspectives may be more relevant.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Porter, 1991 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But while the MLP is a flexible framework, it cannot (and does not want to) incorporate all social theories.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such assessments not only entail incompatible criteria (e.g. the landscape influence of many wind turbines versus risks of nuclear energy), but also values which differ for various groups.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Third, many of the new environmental problems (e.g.climate change, biodiversity, resource depletion) are global, not directly visible or tangible, and are mainly about the future.They therefore differ from other environmental problems (such as water pollution, smog, and acid rain), which were local, (relatively) immediate, visible and tangible.There were clear problem sufferers who could mobilize”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These elements remain under-defined, however, and are introduced via examples rather than via conceptual arguments.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While crossovers to the MLP may be possible, relationism forms an intriguing ontology by itself that can perhaps develop alternative ways of investigating transitions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.5. Relationism
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mahoney (2004) distinguished functionalism, rational choice, power, neo-Darwinian and cultural ontologies.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mahoney (2004) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mobilization for these kinds of problems will therefore depend to a large extent on social movements (often supported by concerned scientists) and public opinion.This is an additional reason why discourse, socio-political framing and debate are important in sustainability transitions.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also other permutations and crossovers between social theories can probably generate relevant perspectives.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But to address the analytical challenges around normativity, directionality, and social mobilization, innovation studies may need to broaden its analytical scope to include additional dynamics related to civil society, social movements and consumer behavior.Further crossovers to cultural studies, political economy, economic sociology and consumer studies may therefore be fruitful for a”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This differ from social network theories that start with individual actors who subsequently build networks to further their interests.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Rammert's (1997) techno-structuration approach is promising in this respect, because it explores crossovers between constructivism, evolution theory and structuration theory.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 4. Concluding remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rammert's (1997) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This criticism applies less to other relationist approaches such as practice theories, in particular Shove's work on consumer practices that analyses how existing routines, meanings and technologies influence activities in 'everyday life'.”
§ Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective > 3.3.5. Relationism
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Socio-technical transitions are multi-dimensional phenomena.
“Because socio-technical transitions are multi-dimensional phenomena, they can be studied from various angles by different disciplines.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The four meta-theoretical positions (complete integration, incommensurability, eclecticism, inter-ontology crossovers) exhaust the possible relations between ontologies.
“Regarding this issue, I distinguish four meta-theoretical positions: (1) Complete integration: theories combine all (or many) ontologies into an encompassing synthesis, (2) Incommensurability: theories should work within one ontology; combination is not possible, because foundational assumptions differ too much (cannot be 'measured' in the same units), (3) Eclecticism: theories pragmatically”
The paper relies on this without support.
The ontologies discussed are representative of the generic social science traditions relevant to socio-technical transitions.
“The previous sections demonstrated the breath of generic social science traditions and how their insights can be related to sociotechnical transitions and sustainability.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The multi-level perspective is a valuable and coherent framework for analyzing socio-technical transitions, such that it is worth clarifying its theoretical roots and extending it.
“Although the multi-dimensionality of niche-regime-landscape interactions is a strength of the MLP, this is conceptualized in a general and heuristic sense.The MLP could therefore benefit from conceptual extensions of multi-level interaction on various dimensions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sustainability transitions are a desirable and important goal, so that understanding and accelerating them is a worthwhile research aim.
“Such a broad map is particularly relevant for future sustainability transitions, which have three additional complexities compared to many historical transitions.First, sustainability is a normative goal and a collective good problem (with associated prisoner dilemmas and free rider problems).”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Even so, it is hard to accommodate the complicated and interdependent relationships between different structural elements of ‘whole systems’, or to track the pathways through which different macro-level actors and processes shape implementation contexts at meso- and micro-level [39–41].”
From Implementation, context and complexity (2016) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“At the heart of these transitions is the establishment and socio-technical (re)design of higher education frameworks resulting in new forms of knowledge production, allowing for the design and redesign of human-centered socio-technical systems for sustainability, and consequently for human benefit (Geels, 2010;Verbong & Geels, 2010).”
From Climate change and COP26: Are digital technologies and information management part of the problem or the solution? An editorial reflection and call to action (2022) · cites this paper as Geels, 2010
Citations
Cites
(1983) · Cited by 33,192
The Theory of Economic Development
Schumpeter, J. A., & Backhaus, U. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48082-4_3 · Cited by 22,757
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.
Loasby, B. J., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2232409 · Cited by 21,426
The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action
Checkoway, B. N., & Schön, D. A. (1985) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.2307/3324262 · Cited by 21,311
(1984) · Cited by 21,166
Increasing returns and long-run growth
Romer, P. M. (1986) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261420 · Cited by 20,149
Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches
Suchman, M. C. (1995) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258788 · Cited by 19,903
The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action
Stewart, C. J. (1984) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/0738-3991(84)90022-3 · Cited by 19,751
Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(1980) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.24883/iberoamericanic.v2i2.38 · Cited by 16,592
The social construction of reality : a treatise in the sociology of knowledge
Simpson, G., Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091739 · Cited by 16,462
Flagged first, then by citations
6 of the 162 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Gramsci, A., 1932 (1975). In: Lynne Lawner (Ed.). Letters from Prison, Antonio Gramsci, Harper Colophon, New York.
- Grinyer, 1990, Generating major change in stagnating companies, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 131
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,000
Politics of innovation in multi-level water governance systems
Daniell, K. A., Coombes, P. J., & White, I. M. (2014) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.08.058 · Cited by 108
The Logic of Digital Utopianism
Dickel, S., & Schrape, J.-F. (2017) · NanoEthics · doi:10.1007/s11569-017-0285-6 · Cited by 96
“They reveal points of departure for alternative lines of development already being tested by fringe actors in niches uncoupled from stable societal regimes or main-stream markets, presumably waiting for a window of opportunity for cross-societal diffusion and adoption [72].”
BackgroundReinecke, J. (2016) · Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) · Cited by 96
Swilling, M. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429057823 · Cited by 197
Colonial modernity and sustainability transitions: A conceptualisation in six dimensions
Arora, S., & Stirling, A. (2022) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2023.100733 · Cited by 119
Transitions in Theory and Practice: Managing Metals in the Circular Economy
Jackson, M. A., Lederwasch, A., & Giurco, D. (2014) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources3030516 · Cited by 95
“Although this is useful from a perspective that accepts the ability of a top-down approach to governing transitions, we find the broader typology suggested by Geels and Schot [22] more informative for initiating a transition to resource use in a circular economy.”
BackgroundInfluentialA Literature Review of Inter-Organizational Sustainability Learning
Dzhengiz, T. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12124876 · Cited by 80
“Another way is to link inter-organizational learning to sustainability transitions literature [241,242] and discuss how the single-, double- and triple-loop learning that takes place in alliances and partnerships may yield changes at the system-level [243,244].”
BackgroundKanger, L. (2020) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101829 · Cited by 100
“Yet another response involves reflections on the metatheoretical [47-49] and philosophical foundations of MLP [50,51].”
BackgroundThe study of institutional entrepreneurship and its implications for transition studies
Hoogstraaten, M. J., Frenken, K., & Boon, W. (2020) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2020.05.004 · Cited by 106
Integrated Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and Microgrids: Modeling and Optimization of DERs
Twaisan, K., & Barışçı, N. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11182816 · Cited by 93
Stakeholder involvement in sustainability science—A critical view
Mielke, J., Vermaßen, H., Ellenbeck, S., Milan, B. F., & Jaeger, C. C. (2016) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2016.04.001 · Cited by 93
Kolade, O., Odumuyiwa, V., Abolfathi, S., Schroeder, P., Wakunuma, K., Akanmu, I., Whitehead, T., Tijani, B., & Oyinlola, M. A. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121954 · Cited by 92
Inclusive Innovation in Developed Countries: The Who, What, Why, and How
Schillo, R. S., & Robinson, R. M. (2017) · Technology Innovation Management Review · doi:10.22215/timreview/1089 · Cited by 98
“This concern later found an expression in the literature on sustainability transitions (Geels, 2010) – a topic addressed by several researches who also are making key contributions to the inclusive innovation literature, such as Rip (e.”
BackgroundEmergence and phase transitions in service ecosystems
Polese, F., Payne, A., Frow, P., Sarno, D., & Nenonen, S. (2021) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.067 · Cited by 100
Aka, K. G. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.351 · Cited by 95
Energy landscapes and urban trajectories towards sustainability
Broto, V. C. (2017) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.01.009 · Cited by 105
Davies, A. R. (2013) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.07.010 · Cited by 89
Wassermann, S., Reeg, M., & Nienhaus, K. (2014) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2014.10.013 · Cited by 87
“question High uncertainty and legitimising strategies of challengers and incumbents are typical phenomena of sectors that undergo transformation processes, when dominant technologies and infrastructures are displaced by new ones (Geels, 2010, p. 500; Fligstein and McAdams, 2011, p. 9f).”
BackgroundEmerging energy transitions: PV uptake beyond subsidies
Ford, R., Walton, S. C., Stephenson, J. R., Rees, D. H. E., Scott, M., King, G., Williams, J., & Wooliscroft, B. (2016) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.12.007 · Cited by 94
“Energy transitions have a number of unique characteristics that distinguish them from other types of transition or behaviour change in different domains (Geels, 2011; Verbong and Geels, 2010; Mah et al., 2012; Markusson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundBhatnagar, J., & Aggarwal, P. (2020) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-04-2019-0187 · Cited by 107
Assembling Sustainable Smart City Transitions: An Interdisciplinary Theoretical Perspective
Mora, L., Deakin, M., Zhang, X., Batty, M., de Jong, M., Santi, P., & Appio, F. P. (2020) · Journal of Urban Technology · doi:10.1080/10630732.2020.1834831 · Cited by 88
Critical sustainable consumption: a research agenda
Anantharaman, M. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s13412-018-0487-4 · Cited by 86
“At the other end of the spectrum, research falling under the ambit of sustainability transitions has sought to look at regional, national, and global socio-technical provisioning systems from top-down and across different scales (e.g., Geels 2010).”
BackgroundInnovation systems for technology diffusion: An analytical framework and two case studies
Palm, A. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121821 · Cited by 101
Hartman, S. (2015) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2015.1062017 · Cited by 96
Co-designing research on transgressive learning in times of climate change
Lotz‐Sisitka, H., Ali, M. B., Mphepo, G., Chaves, M., Macintyre, T., Pesanayi, T. V., Wals, A. E. J., Mukute, M., Kronlid, D. O., Tran, D. T., et al. (2016) · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2016.04.004 · Cited by 92
Mainstreaming Multi-Risk Approaches into Policy
Scolobig, A., Komendantova, N., & Mignan, A. (2017) · Geosciences · doi:10.3390/geosciences7040129 · Cited by 85
“[73] The need of current frameworks to address multiple risks.”
BackgroundStrambach, S., & Pflitsch, G. (2020) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2020.104006 · Cited by 86
Integrating social-ecological dynamics and resilience into energy systems research
Hodbod, J., & Adger, W. N. (2014) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2014.03.001 · Cited by 83
Economic crisis, long waves and the sustainability transition: An African perspective
Swilling, M. (2013) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2012.11.001 · Cited by 84
“They represent what Geels (2010) would refer to as clusters of discursive and cultural ontologies of probable futures.”
BackgroundKoens, K., Melissen, F. W., Mayer, I. S., & Aall, C. (2019) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100376 · Cited by 89
Low Carbon Urban Transitioning: From Local Experimentation to Urban Transformation?
Moloney, S., & Horne, R. E. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su7032437 · Cited by 85
“These have been developed from our review of the literature on low carbon governance summarized above, together with the work of Hodson and Marvin [21–24] and others on urbanism and intermediaries, and the work of Geels [25] and others on the Multi-Level Perspective and socio-technical transitions.”
MethodBakker, S., van Lente, H., & Meeus, M. T. H. (2012) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2011.09.007 · Cited by 84
“However, in most cases of (prospective) sociotechnical transitions, there are many competing technologies and trajectories (Geels 2010) and perhaps even more competing visions and expectations surrounding the innovation trajectories.”
BackgroundLaakso, S., Berg, A., & Annala, M. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.140 · Cited by 84
“…literature approaches, such as those of transition management (Loorbach 2010; van den Bosch 2010) and the multi-level perspective (Geels, 2010; 2011), which depict the growing influence of experiments and point out the need to exploit cracks in the system for regime shifts to occur (Geels, 2010).”
BackgroundSusur, E., Nuchera, A. H., & Chiaroni, D. (2018) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.06.002 · Cited by 85
Zhang, J., Ouyang, Y., Philbin, S. P., Zhao, X., Ballesteros‐Pérez, P., & Li, H. (2020) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2012 · Cited by 83
Regional entrepreneurial ecosystems: learning from forest ecosystems
O'Connor, A. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (2022) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-022-00623-8 · Cited by 95
“, 2014; Horváth & Rabetino, 2019), the environment and sustainability (Brock et al., 2001; Cohen, 2006; Dooley & Letiche, 2009; Geels, 2010; Kay et al., 1999) that may place priority on non-economic forms of value.”
BackgroundIndia's biophysical economy, 1961–2008. Sustainability in a national and global context
Singh, S. J., Krausmann, F., Gingrich, S., Haberl, H., Erb, K., Lanz, P., Alier, J. M., & Temper, L. (2012) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.01.022 · Cited by 82
Exploring the economic crisis from a transition management perspective
Loorbach, D. A., & Huffenreuter, R. L. (2013) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2013.01.003 · Cited by 82
Transition Management and Social Innovation in Rural Areas: Lessons from Social Farming
Iacovo, F. D., Moruzzo, R., Rossignoli, C., & Scarpellini, P. (2014) · The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension · doi:10.1080/1389224x.2014.887761 · Cited by 82
Local authorities as niche actors: the case of energy governance in the UK
Fudge, S., Peters, M., & Woodman, B. (2015) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2015.06.004 · Cited by 82
“For many of the theorists working under this banner, including Bolton and Foxon (2013), Geels (2002; 2010), Loorbach (2007), and Scrase and MacKerron (2009), urban energy infrastructures represent technical systems of complexity that are influenced by a range of non-technical as well as technical…”
BackgroundLessons from the past for sustainability transitions? A meta-analysis of socio-technical studies
Arranz, A. M. (2017) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.03.007 · Cited by 81
Relating financial systems to sustainability transitions: Challenges, demands and design features
Naidoo, C. (2019) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2019.10.004 · Cited by 91
The paradox of the energy revolution in China: A socio-technical transition perspective
Xu, S. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110469 · Cited by 82
Transition to distributed energy generation in Finland: Prospects and barriers
Ruggiero, S., Varho, V., & Rikkonen, P. (2015) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2015.07.024 · Cited by 80
A Degrowth Transition: Pathways for the Degrowth Niche to Replace the Capitalist-Growth Regime
Vandeventer, J. S., Cattaneo, C., & Zografos, C. (2018) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.10.002 · Cited by 97
Barton, J., Davies, L., Dooley, B., Foxon, T. J., Galloway, S., Hammond, G. P., O’Grady, Á., Robertson, E., & Thomson, M. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.007 · Cited by 79
Creating change through pilot and demonstration projects: Towards a valuation policy approach
Huguenin, A., & Jeannerat, H. (2017) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2017.01.008 · Cited by 81
“Instead, it involves the uncertain transformation of the dominant system of social and economic development into a new, aspirational, and therefore still abstract and open-ended, system (Meadowcroft, 2007; Geels, 2010).”
BackgroundStruggles in European Union energy politics: A gramscian perspective on power in energy transitions
Haas, T. (2018) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.09.011 · Cited by 78
Pereira, L., Drimie, S., Maciejewski, K., Tonissen, P. B., & Biggs, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17041313 · Cited by 71
“At the local level, small, fast variables allow for rapid experimentation to occur; this can be equated with the ‘niche’ or safe space for innovation [63,64].”
BackgroundPluralising agency to understand behaviour change in sustainability transitions
Huttunen, S., Kaljonen, M., Lonkila, A., Rantala, S., Rekola, A., & Paloniemi, R. (2021) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2021.102067 · Cited by 78
Canzler, W., Engels, F., Rogge, J.-C., Simon, D., & Wentland, A. (2017) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2017.02.003 · Cited by 78
Padmanathan, K., Govindarajan, U., Ramachandaramurthy, V. K., Rajagopalan, A., Pachaivannan, N., Sowmmiya, U., Padmanaban, S., Holm‐Nielsen, J. B., Xavier, S., & Periasamy, S. K. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.225 · Cited by 77
Kuokkanen, A., Nurmi, A., Mikkilä, M. H., Kuisma, M., Kahiluoto, H., & Linnanen, L. (2018) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2018.05.006 · Cited by 77
Schmid, B., & Smith, T. (2020) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132520905642 · Cited by 60
“This includes much current social practice theory (Shove et al., 2012; Strengers and Maller, 2015), the multi-level perspective (Geels, 2010), transition management (Loorbach, 2010), strategic niche management (Seyfang and Smith, 2007), and technological innovation systems (Bergek et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSustainable Innovation: A Competitive Advantage for Innovation Ecosystems
Oksanen, K., & Hautamäki, A. (2015) · Technology Innovation Management Review · doi:10.22215/timreview/934 · Cited by 85
Heating in Great Britain: An incumbent discourse coalition resists an electrifying future
Lowes, R., Woodman, B., & Speirs, J. F. (2020) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2020.07.007 · Cited by 76
“…the transitions of large socio-technical systems, such as the UK heat transformation, is widely regarded as significant (Avelino and Rotmans, 2011, 2009; Geels, 2014, 2010; Kern, 2011; Smith et al., 2005) and the literature investigating issues of power and sustainable change is rapidly growing.”
Background(Un)Sustainable transitions towards fast and ultra-fast fashion
Dzhengiz, T., Haukkala, T., & Sahimaa, O. (2023) · Fashion and Textiles · doi:10.1186/s40691-023-00337-9 · Cited by 89
“…we join the recent scholarly conversation on the current research agenda of transitions (Köhler et al., 2019) by framing contests and logics (Gray et al., 2015; Purdy et al., 2017) into the transitions literature (Geels, 2010; Schot & Kanger, 2018; Welch & Yates, 2018; Zolfagharian et al., 2019).”
InfluentialUnravelling non-human agency in sustainability transitions
Contesse, M. E., Duncan, J., Legun, K., & Klerkx, L. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120634 · Cited by 91
Miranda, B. V., Monteiro, G. F. A., & Rodrigues, V. P. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120878 · Cited by 86
Kern, F., & Markard, J. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55631-8_12 · Cited by 84
Xia, D., Yu, Q., Gao, Q., & Cheng, G. (2016) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.083 · Cited by 75
Xie, L., Bulkeley, H., & Tozer, L. (2022) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.017 · Cited by 75
Multi-level perspectives with technology readiness measures for aviation innovation
Nakamura, H., Kajikawa, Y., & Suzuki, S. (2012) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-012-0187-z · Cited by 75
“…be seen in various domains, for example, products such as organic food and eco-efficient houses, public services such as biogas energy plants and wastewater plants, and even policies such as road access charges (e.g., Smith 2007; Raven and Geels 2010; Hegger et al. 2007; Ieromonachou et al. 2004).”
Maassen, A. (2012) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2012.651807 · Cited by 74
“…been previously noted that ANT has an “ambiguous” relationship with the existing SNM/MLP scholarship as it “denies the analytical usefulness of ‘levels’” (Geels, 2010a, p. 507), the following exploration of ANT’s contribution to innovation theory reveals that, rather than simply rejecting the…”
BackgroundInfluentialSkjølsvold, T. M., Throndsen, W., Ryghaug, M., Fjellså, I. F., & Koksvik, G. H. (2018) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.07.035 · Cited by 74
Seeking sustainable futures in marketing and consumer research
Davies, I., Oates, C. J., Tynan, C., Carrigan, M., Casey, K., Heath, T., Henninger, C. E., Lichrou, M., McDonagh, P., McDonald, S., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-02-2019-0144 · Cited by 79
Transforming Household Consumption: From Backcasting to HomeLabs Experiments
Davies, A., & Doyle, R. (2015) · Annals of the Association of American Geographers · doi:10.1080/00045608.2014.1000948 · Cited by 74
“In particular, transitions theorists and transition management advocates have examined how large-scale transformations in sociotechnical regimes, such as shifts from horse-drawn to motor vehicles, or from water wells to water main systems, occurred (see Rip and Kemp 1998; Geels 2010).”
BackgroundEvaluating university industry collaborative research centers
Gibson, E., Daim, T. U., & Dabić, M. (2019) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.014 · Cited by 76
“technologies, but also changes in markets, user practices, policy and cultural meanings”[23].”
BackgroundJordan, A., & Moore, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108779869 · Cited by 76
Svennevik, E. M. C., Dijk, M., & Arnfalk, P. (2021) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2021.102305 · Cited by 41
Policy for sustainable entrepreneurship: A crowdsourced framework
Watson, R., Nielsen, K. R., Wilson, H., Macdonald, E. K., Mera, C., & Reisch, L. A. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135234 · Cited by 85
Winskel, M., Markusson, N. O., Jeffrey, H. F., Candelise, C., Dutton, G., Howarth, P., Jablonski, S., Kalyvas, C., & Ward, D. J. (2013) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2012.10.015 · Cited by 74
Ecologies of Repair: A Post-human Approach to Other-Than-Human Natures
Wells, G. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633737 · Cited by 72
“…hand, it creates new utopian or quasi-utopian narratives varying from technocratic approaches, stemming from planned socio-technical transitions (Geels, 2010; Giddens, 2011; Urry, 2011) to pragmatic-utopias, associated with the proposal of transformations beyond the current climatic or…”
BackgroundMoss, T. J. M. (2020) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/12141.001.0001 · Cited by 75
Chang, R.-D., Zuo, J., Soebarto, V., Zhao, Z.-L., Zillante, G., & Gan, X.-L. (2016) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000439 · Cited by 61
Beermann, J., & Tews, K. (2016) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.130 · Cited by 71
“Transition management theory also highlights the political relevance of experimentation at the decentralised level for driving societal innovation (Rotmans et al., 2001; Geels, 2010).”
BackgroundBakker, S. (2014) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2014.08.002 · Cited by 69
User-Made Immobilities: A Transitions Perspective
Kanger, L., & Schot, J. (2016) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450101.2016.1211827 · Cited by 72
“The basic ontology of transitions research – evolutionary theory with an added touch of constructivism and conflict theory (Geels 2010, 2014) – is rarely contested (although see Shove and Walker 2010).”
BackgroundKriechbaum, M., Posch, A., & Hauswiesner, A. (2021) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2021.104262 · Cited by 68
Govindan, K., Dua, R., Anwar, A. M., & Bansal, P. (2024) · Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review · doi:10.1016/j.tre.2024.103753 · Cited by 68
Macro-demarketing: The Key to Unlocking Unsustainable Production and Consumption Systems?
Little, V., Lee, C. K. C., & Nair, S. (2019) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/0276146718823885 · Cited by 70
“Both QWERTY keyboards and business suits are similarly locked-in by self-perpetuating inertias of technologies, symbolic meanings and skills; institutionalized by technological infrastructure, vested interests, and dominant social and cultural discourses (Geels 2010; Shove 2003).”
BackgroundCombining transition studies and social movement theory: towards a new research agenda
Törnberg, A. (2018) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1007/s11186-018-9318-6 · Cited by 72
“, macroscopic and long-term processes and structural patterns can be incorporated alongside with immediate events (Geels 2010; Grin et al. 2010).”
BackgroundDegrowth in the context of sustainability transitions: In search of a common ground
Khmara, Y., & Kronenberg, J. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122072 · Cited by 67
The green economy, sustainability transitions and transition regions: a case study of boston
Gibbs, D. C., & O’Neill, K. J. (2014) · Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography · doi:10.1111/geob.12046 · Cited by 67
“Such efforts may be particularly effective if economic growth results in, for example, increased political influence and bargaining power by green businesses and their industry associations in order to lobby for regulatory change (Geels, 2010).”
Sustainability as Practice: Reflections on the Creation of an Institutional Logic
Silva, M. E., & de Figueiredo, M. D. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9101839 · Cited by 67
“Several PBS have been done on sustainability, especially on the transition to sustainability, which is an emerging area of research [3,55,56]; there are also those that examine sustainability within the field of strategy studies [2,38].”
BackgroundTen challenges for computer models in transitions research: Commentary on Holtz et al.
McDowall, W., & Geels, F. W. (2016) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2016.07.001 · Cited by 74
“This means that a broad set of general theories and explanations are excluded from models, e.g. interpretivism, structuralism, relationism, and conflict theories (Geels 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFichter, K., & Clausen, J. (2016) · Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.24840/2183-0606_004.002_0004 · Cited by 70
“One key element in promoting and managing the multilevel challenge of sustainable transitions (Geels, 2010) is the development, implementation, and diffusion of radically new or significantly improved products (goods or services), processes, or practices which reduce the use of natural resources…”
BackgroundState ownership and technology adoption: The case of electric utilities and renewable energy
Steffen, B., Karplus, V. J., & Schmidt, T. S. (2022) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2022.104534 · Cited by 65
A system dynamics model of socio-technical regime transitions
Papachristos, G. (2011) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2011.10.001 · Cited by 67
“The shift in values, belief systems, ideologies and public opinion are at the core of the transition process (Geels, 2010).”
BackgroundJanssen, M., & Moors, E. H. M. (2013) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2012.12.003 · Cited by 73
Understanding and Managing Urban Water in Transition
Daniell, K. A., Rinaudo, J., Chan, N. W. W., Nauges, C., & Grafton, R. Q. (2015) · Global issues in water policy · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9801-3_1 · Cited by 67
Gernert, M., Bilali, H. E., & Strassner, C. (2018) · Urban Science · doi:10.3390/urbansci2010023 · Cited by 64
“Yet, incremental modification will not suffice to cope with the prevailing sustainability challenges [2,4,6,7,9,16,17].”
BackgroundLamine, C., Ika Darnhofer, A., & Marsden, T. (2019) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.03.010 · Cited by 63
Lotz-Sisitka, H., Mukute, M., Chikunda, C., Baloi, A., & Pesanayi, T. (2017) · International Review of Education · doi:10.1007/s11159-017-9689-3 · Cited by 45
“The need for a process of transition to sustainability is widely documented in the literature (see, for example, Geels 2010; Swilling 2013).”
BackgroundRadical change and deep transitions: Lessons from Europe’s infrastructure transition 1815–2015
van der Vleuten, E. (2018) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2017.12.004 · Cited by 62
“Yet this essay does not use history to build a comprehensive and coherent theory, nor any ‘alternative’ to such comprehensive theories as Techno-Economic Paradigms or the Multi-Level Perspective on transitions currently in play (for MLP’s epistemological status see e.g. Geels, 2010).”
MethodTowards multi-system sociotechnical transitions: why simulate
Papachristos, G. (2014) · Technology Analysis and Strategic Management · doi:10.1080/09537325.2014.944148 · Cited by 68
See no evil, hear no evil: The democratic potential of transition management
Jhagroe, S., & Loorbach, D. A. (2014) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2014.07.001 · Cited by 62
A mechanism based transition research methodology: Bridging analytical approaches
Papachristos, G. (2018) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2018.02.006 · Cited by 65
“MLP originates in the work of Rip and Kemp (1998) and has been developed subsequently in Geels (2002, 2004, 2005, 2010), Geels and Schot (2007), Geels, Kern et al. (2016), Markard and Truffer (2008) and Papachristos et al. (2013).”
BackgroundMove your money? Sustainability Transitions in Regimes and Practices in the UK Retail Banking Sector
Seyfang, G., & Gilbert-Squires, A. (2018) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.09.014 · Cited by 62
“…of radical niche innovations, ie novel projects testing a fundamentally different model with the aim of disrupting incumbent sector-based regimes (see Geels and Schot, 2007; Geels, 2010), such as solar PV developing in a niche space before attempting to compete with the energy sector incumbents.”
BackgroundLegitimacy and Accountability in Polycentric Climate Governance
Bäckstrand, K., Zelli, F., & Schleifer, P. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108284646.020 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- Geels, F. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Geels, Frank W.
- ORCID
- Geels, Frank W.
- Venue
- Research Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 495-510
- ISSN
- 0048-7333 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134317867
- Cited by
- 1,718
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 115 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 148 · 2020: 197 · 2019: 153 · 2018: 158 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 41.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Research Policy (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Innovation, Technology, and Society
- Keywords
- multi-level perspective, socio-technical transitions, reflexivity, transition theory, rational choice theory, evolutionary theory, structuralism, interpretivism, functionalism, relationalism, agency, causal mechanisms, environmental sustainability, middle-range theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
