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Cited by 761Green IT and SustainabilityClimate Change and Sustainable DevelopmentClimate Change Policy and Economics

Climate change and COP26: Are digital technologies and information management part of the problem or the solution? An editorial reflection and call to action

Open access
Dwivedi, Yogesh K., Hughes, Laurie, Kar, Arpan Kumar, Baabdullah, Abdullah M., Grover, Purva, Abbas, Roba, Andreini, Daniela, Abumoghli, Iyad +29 more·2022·International Journal of Information Management
DOI 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102456
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Abstract

The UN COP26 2021 conference on climate change offers the chance for world leaders to take action and make urgent and meaningful commitments to reducing emissions and limit global temperatures to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. Whilst the political aspects and subsequent ramifications of these fundamental and critical decisions cannot be underestimated, there exists a technical perspective where digital and IS technology has a role to play in the monitoring of potential solutions, but also an integral element of climate change solutions. We explore these aspects in this editorial article, offering a comprehensive opinion based insight to a multitude of diverse viewpoints that look at the many challenges through a technology lens. It is widely recognized that technology in all its forms, is an important and integral element of the solution, but industry and wider society also view technology as being part of the problem. Increasingly, researchers are referencing the importance of responsible digitalization to eliminate the significant levels of e-waste. The reality is that technology is an integral component of the global efforts to get to net zero, however, its adoption requires pragmatic tradeoffs as we transition from current behaviors to a more climate friendly society.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This editorial reflects on COP26 and asks whether digital technologies and information management are part of the climate problem or the solution, concluding that technology is an integral part of net-zero efforts but also a significant part of the problem. It synthesizes a literature review and 28 invited expert contributions to argue for responsible digitalization, education, policy, and a broader IS research agenda.

Key findings

  • The IS/IT sector has substantial negative environmental impacts: data centers contribute approximately 2% of global GHG emissions, on par with aviation; the world produces about 50 million tonnes of e-waste, with only 20% dealt with sustainably; Bitcoin alone has a carbon footprint of 34.73 Mt CO2, consumes 73.12 TWh, and produces 10.95 kt of e-waste; ICT networks could use about 20% of the world’s electricity by 2025; ICT impact estimates range from 1.4% to 3.9% of global CO2 emissions.
  • Digital technologies also offer mitigation potential: AI-based systems could contribute to a 4% reduction in global emissions by 2030; IT/IS can enable a possible 15% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions through smart grids, smart housing, and smart logistics; Google reported using AI to reduce data center energy consumption by as much as 40%.
  • Expert contribution analysis found the most frequent keywords included impact, sustainability, green, environment, and smart; polarity was mostly neutral, but when neutral was ignored, the majority of authors presented a generally positive outlook for digital technology and IS in combating climate change.
  • The editorial recommends explicitly including the environment as a key stakeholder, advancing responsible digitalization and corporate digital responsibility, improving e-waste management, and embedding climate and sustainability into IS/IT education and research.

Methods

  • Editorial/opinion article combining a background literature review with invited expert perspectives. The literature search used Scopus, combining “information systems” or “information technology” or “IT sector” with “environment,” “sustainability,” “sustainable,” and “climate”; 372 articles remained after filtering, then 88 after title/abstract screening, plus 16 additional articles from ScienceDirect and Web of Science.
  • The review was organized around two research questions: whether the digital technology and IS/IT sector negatively impacts the environment and how it can be reduced, and how digital technology and IS/IT can mitigate climate change causes and impacts.
  • The paper presents 28 invited expert contributions across themes such as behavior and attitudes, education and changed working practices, impact on people and communities, responsible digitalization, data/technology/IS governance, and technology/IS research agenda. It also reports a systematic analysis of the contributed articles using keyword frequency, text features, word cloud, and polarity/sentiment analysis.

Limitations

  • The paper states that expert contributions are largely presented in unedited form and that the perceived unevenness of logical flow is countered by capturing distinctive expert orientations.
  • The paper notes that existing discourse has limited contribution from a wider and more informed multiple-perspective context, which this editorial aims to address through individual expert discussions.
  • Evident from the text: this is an editorial/opinion synthesis rather than a primary empirical study, and the literature search is limited to selected databases and keyword filtering; the expert contributions are opinion-based and not systematically validated.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102456

Cites

274 of 274 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 283 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingcitation

    In the MedicineAfrica case, digital activism success depends primarily on the potential to set up an online collective of like-minded individuals, not on technological affordances to inform, network, and organize.

    “Findings showed that it is not so much the technological affordances of digital platforms-namely to inform, to network and to organize (Tim, Pan, Bahri, & Fauzi, 2018)-but it is primarily their potential to set up an online collective of like-minded individuals that allows this form of digital activism to succeed.”
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    • cites Tim, Pan, Bahri, & Fauzi, 2018

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  • Findingcitation

    First studies on telephone use in French households demonstrated some substitution effects on urban trips.

    “Our first studies on the use of the telephone in households, that had been adopted lately in France in the 1970s, demonstrated some substitution effects on urban trips.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Claisse & Rowe, 1993

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  • Findingcitation

    Studying how Carrefour redesigned its supply chain showed that gains were not spectacular.

    “We looked at this, studying how Carrefour had redesigned its supply chain, but gains were not spectacular (Antheaume, Thiel, de Corbière, Rowe, & Takeda, 2018;de Corbière, Takeda, Habib, Rowe, & Thiel, 2016).”
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    • cites Antheaume et al., 2018 source

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    • cites de Corbière et al., 2016

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  • Findingcitation

    The use of irrigation systems for crops contributes to soil erosion and increased soil salinity.

    “An example is the use of irrigation systems for crops, which subsequently contributes to soil erosion and increased soil salinity (Khan, Tariq, Yuanlai, & Blackwell, 2006).”
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    • cites Khan, Tariq, Yuanlai, & Blackwell, 2006

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  • Findingcitation

    During the Coronavirus pandemic, many office jobs were being done from home resulting in reduced emissions of CO2 from transport and office buildings.

    “During the time of the Coronavirus pandemic, many office jobs were being done from home resulting in reduced emissions of CO 2 from transport and office buildings (Sky News, 2021).”
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    Findingcitation

    The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was estimated to have spilled 4,900,000 barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010.

    “For example, significant oil spills cause major externalities that cannot readily be measured, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which was estimated to have spilled 4,900,000 barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 (Beyer, Trannum, Bakke, Hodson, & Collier, 2016).”
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    Findingcitation

    A set of interviews on the impact of e-commerce on retailers' supply chains shows that senior managers just want to be politically correct.

    “A set of interviews on the impact of e-commerce on retailers supply chains shows that senior managers just want to be politically correct (de Corbière, Durand, & Rowe, 2010).”
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    • cites de Corbière, Durand, & Rowe, 2010

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    Findingcitation

    Procuring raw materials and precious metals for manufacturing technological devices and electronic equipment comes with a high carbon cost usually powered by fossil fuels, deforestation, landscape degradation, water pollution and the release of vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the air.

    “Procuring raw materials and precious metals for manufacturing technological devices and electronic equipment comes with a high carbon cost usually powered by fossil fuels, deforestation, landscape degradation, water pollution and the release of vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the air (Mensah et al., 2015).”
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    • cites Mensah et al., 2015

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    Findingcitation

    Globally we throw away electronic waste of approximately $62.5 billion every year and only one-fifth of the electronic waste generated globally is currently formerly recycled, which is an enormous threat to the environment.

    “These products also pose setback at the end of their lifespan and globally we throw away electronic waste (e-waste) of approximately $62.5 billion every year and only one-fifth of the electronic waste generated globally is currently formerly recycled, which undoubtedly an enormous threat to the environment (Amos, 2020;Okafor, 2020).”
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    • cites Okafor, 2020

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    Findingcitation

    Many of the latest technology efficient products such as smart LED light bulbs, smart outlet and power adapters, smart thermostat, etc. responsible for reducing energy consumption available in the market help households to save decent amounts of money in their annual bills and also reduce CO2 emissions.

    “With many of the latest technology efficient products such as smart LED light bulbs, smart outlet and power adapters, smart thermostat, etc. responsible for reducing energy consumption available in the market not only help households to save decent amounts of money in their annual bills but also reduce the CO 2 emissions (Oberhaus, 2019).”
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    • cites Oberhaus, 2019

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    Findingcitation

    The introduction of IoT devices to monitor energy systems to lower consumption requires the devices to be powered and over time to be replaced, causing often toxic and non-biodegradable e-waste that is disposed of in landfills.

    “An example is the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) devices to monitor energy systems to lower consumption that requires the devices to be powered and over time to be replaced, causing often toxic and non-biodegradable e-waste that is disposed of in landfills (Mukhopadhyay & Suryadevara, 2014).”
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    • cites Mukhopadhyay & Suryadevara, 2014

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    Findingown data

    Most organizations today are unprepared to effectively respond to challenges of responsible and ethical practices of all kinds.

    “Unfortunately, our research suggests that most organizations today are unprepared to effectively respond to these challenges.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    There is general consensus among the contributors that technology is an integral component of the overall solution while at the same time a fundamental aspect of the problem.

    “Whilst the views on the extent of the role of digital technology and IS in combating climate change vary amongst the contributors, there is general consensus that technology is an integral component of the overall solution, whilst at the same time -a fundamental aspect of the problem (Muregesan, 2008;Osibanjo & Nnorom, 2007).”
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    • cites Osibanjo & Nnorom, 2007

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    Findingnone given

    A number of contributions detail the critical role of IS and digital technologies in providing key data that can inform decision makers on the progress of global warming initiatives.

    “A number of contributions detail the critical role of IS and digital technologies in the provision of key data that can inform decision makers on the progress of global warming initiatives.”
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    Findingnone given

    The expert contributions highlight the urgent need for education initiatives that offer a more holistic and balanced perspective on technology-based solutions and communicate the negative impacts from e-waste and shifting the problem to poorer emerging nations.

    “The expert contributions highlight the urgent need for education initiatives that offer a more holistic and balanced perspective on the opportunities for technology based solutions but also communicate the realities of the negative impact from e-waste and the shifting of the problem to poorer emerging nations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The major technology and IS focused themes that emerged from the invited experts include: the impact of technology on behaviors and attitudes; education, awareness and changed working practices; impact on people and communities; responsible digitalization; role of data, technology and IS governance; technology and IS research agenda.

    “The major technology and IS focussed themes that have emerged from the invited experts include: the impact of technology on behaviors and attitudes; Education, awareness and changed working practices; Impact on people and communities; Responsible digitalization; Role of data, technology and IS governance; Technology and IS research agenda.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    The identified focus for research within information research is in Scandinavia sustainable private and public cases where green and sustainable practices are documented.

    “The identified focus for research within information research is in Scandinavia sustainable private and public cases where the green and sustainable practices are documented.”
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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingcitation

    The focus on aligning smart initiatives to the UN SDGs seems to be an underdeveloped research area.

    “However, as highlighted by Professor Scholtz, the focus on aligning smart initiatives to the UN SDGs seems to be an underdeveloped research area that could inform further research on key topics of sustainable water management, sanitation and access to sustainable energy sources.”
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    Findingreasoning

    A number of submitted articles reference the negative impact of human behavior and people's attitudes in their day-to-day use of technology and posit the necessity for transformative change in how technology is developed, used, and recycled.

    “A number of the submitted articles reference the negative impact of human behavior and people's attitudes in their day to day use of technology, positing the necessity for a transformative change in the way technology is developed, used and recycled.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

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    Findingown data

    The analysis of contributed expert inputs identified impact, sustainability, green, environment, and smart as significant and influential keywords.

    “The analysis results highlight that the words: impact, sustainability, green, environment and smart are some of the significant and influential keywords emerging from the analysis of the contributed expert inputs.”
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    Findingreasoning

    One of the key emerging themes from the contributions is the call to explicitly include the environment as a key stakeholder.

    “One of the key emerging themes from the contributions is the call to explicitly include the environment as a key stakeholder.”
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    Findingreasoning

    The need for greater educational awareness amongst IS researchers and users is a common thread within the submitted articles.

    “The need for a greater educational awareness amongst IS researchers and users, seems to be a common thread within the submitted articles.”
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    Findingnone given

    Many contributors realize that a more sustainable implementation of technology in all its forms needs to be at the forefront of solutions to get to net zero.

    “There exists a realization amongst many of the contributors that a more sustainable implementation of technology in all its forms, needs to be at the forefront of solutions to get to net zero, the mistakes of old cannot be repeated once more.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    The core topic of technologies that directly mitigate climate change seems to lack focus within many institutions.

    “A number of articles also posit the need for better education on technologies that directly mitigate climate change, highlighting that this core topic seems to lack focus within many institutions.”
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    Premisecitation

    Bitcoin mining farms have an appetite for significant energy consumption of 121.36 terawatt hours per year.

    “The widely reported impact of vast bitcoin mining farms in various parts of the world and their appetite for significant energy consumption -121.36 terawatts hours per year (CBECI, 2021)”
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    • cites CBECI, 2021

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    Premisecitation

    Digital technologies can help improve resilience to global warming related natural hazards, reduce emissions and enhance the ability for humans to take the necessary steps to realize net zero.

    “The World Economic Forum (WEF) in its -Harnessing Technology for the Global Goals report, jointly authored with PwC, identifies the significant role that digital technology can play in improving resilience to global warming related, natural hazards, reducing emissions and enhancing the ability for humans to take the necessary steps to realize net zero.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites World Economic Forum & PwC, 2021

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    Premisecitation

    The widespread use of technology has negative impacts in the context of waste products, resource usage and CO2 emissions.

    “the digital discourse also highlights the negative impacts of the widespread use of technology in the context of waste products, resource usage and CO2 emissions.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Digital and IS technology has a role to play in monitoring potential solutions and is an integral element of climate change solutions.

    “there exists a technical perspective where digital and IS technology has a role to play in the monitoring of potential solutions, but also an integral element of climate change solutions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Technology is an integral component of global efforts to get to net zero, but its adoption requires pragmatic tradeoffs as we transition from current behaviors to a more climate friendly society.

    “The reality is that technology is an integral component of the global efforts to get to net zero, however, its adoption requires pragmatic tradeoffs as we transition from current behaviors to a more climate friendly society.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    AI based systems could contribute to a reduction of 4% in global emissions by 2030.

    “Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems could contribute to a reduction of 4% in global emissions by 2030 (World Economic Forum & PwC, 2021).”
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    • cites World Economic Forum & PwC, 2021

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    Premisecitation

    Negative impacts of IS/IT include high levels of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and toxic disposal of IS/IT systems.

    “These negative impacts include high levels of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and toxic disposal of IS/IT systems (Muregesan, 2008).”
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    • cites Muregesan, 2008

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    Premisecitation

    Existing IT infrastructure, alignment of business strategy and relative advantages of green IT initiatives have an overall positive impact on the adoption of IT initiatives within firms.

    “The study by Simmonds and Bhattacherjee (2012) indicates that existing IT infrastructure, alignment of business strategy and relative advantages of green IT initiatives, have an overall positive impact on the adoption of IT initiatives within firms.”
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    • cites Simmonds and Bhattacherjee (2012)

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    Premisecitation

    Communication of sustainability related messages within social media has greatly increased during the pandemic.

    “The communication of sustainability related messages within social media has greatly increased during the pandemic (Grover, Kar, & Ilavarasan, 2019;Grover, Kar, Gupta, & Modgil, 2021;Yadav, Kar, & Kashiramka, 2021).”
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    • cites Grover, Kar, & Ilavarasan, 2019 source

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    • cites Grover, Kar, Gupta, & Modgil, 2021

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    • cites Yadav, Kar, & Kashiramka, 2021

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    Premisecitation

    Jobs in sustainability and cleaner energy are increasing exponentially year on year, especially in solar and wind energy.

    “The IRENA (2021) report indicates that jobs in sustainability and cleaner energy are increasing exponentially year on year, especially in solar and wind energy.”
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    Premisecitation

    Electricity is a major cause of climate change, as many power stations throughout the world still rely on fossil fuels to generate electricity.

    “Studies have argued that electricity is a major cause of climate change, as many power stations throughout the world still rely on fossil fuels to generate electricity (Asongu, Agboola, Alola, & Bekun, 2020;Tamburini, Rossi, & Brunelli, 2015).”
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    • cites Tamburini, Rossi, & Brunelli, 2015

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    Premisecitation

    Disposal of e-waste while following recycling processes has been widely viewed as not environmentally friendly, especially the impact of fossil fuels or respiratory inorganics.

    “The disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) while following recycling processes has been widely viewed as not being environmentally friendly, especially the impact of fossil fuels or respiratory inorganics (Barba-Gutiérrez, Adenso-Diaz, & Hopp, 2008).”
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    Premisecitation

    Debates surrounding the convergence of digital and net zero imperatives are beginning to gain traction within the academic literature.

    “The debates surrounding the convergence of the digital and net zero imperatives are beginning to gain traction within the academic literature”
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    • cites George et al., 2021 source

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    • cites Merrill, Schillebeeckx, & Blakstad, 2019

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  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisenone given

    IS/IT has often been criticized for having a negative environmental impact despite its contribution to economic and social welfare.

    “Despite the contribution of the IS/IT industry toward the economic and social welfare of society, IS/IT has often been criticized for having a negative environmental impact.”
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    Premisecitation

    IoT and AI could potentially offer solutions for reducing the impact of technology projects.

    “From an IS/IT perspective, IoT and Artificial Intelligence (AI) could potentially offer solutions for reducing the impact of technology projects (Salam, 2020).”
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    Premisecitation

    During crisis periods IS research can provide signposting for sustainability actions through improved digital monitoring, tackling information flow and paranoia, and orchestrating data ecosystems for improved decision making.

    “The literature has highlighted that during crisis periods IS research can provide “signposting” for sustainability actions through improved digital monitoring, tackling information flow and paranoia, and orchestrating data ecosystems for improved decision making (Pan & Zhang, 2020).”
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    • cites Pan & Zhang, 2020

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Whilst the literature has exhibited an emerging focus on Green IS and sustainability within the information management literature, there is still tremendous scope for impactful research on many aspects of the use of technology to combat climate change.

    “Whilst the literature has exhibited an emerging focus on Green IS and sustainability within the information management literature, there is still tremendous scope for impactful research on many aspects of the use of technology to combat climate change.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Technologies can help monitor and evaluate climatic conditions and change and may help mitigate natural disasters.

    “Technologies can also help monitor and evaluate climatic conditions and change and may help mitigate natural disasters.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

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    Premisecitation

    The world produces about 50 million tonnes of e-waste, with only 20% of it being dealt with sustainably.

    “the world produces about 50 million tonnes of e-waste, with only 20% of it being dealt with sustainably (UN report, & WEF report, 2019, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites UN report, & WEF report, 2019, 2019

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  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Online communities provide opportunities for individuals regardless of location to voluntarily form a social aggregation through an online platform for sharing interests, knowledge, and experiences.

    “Online communities (OCs) offer the ground for breeding activism as they provide opportunities for individuals who regardless of their location voluntarily form a social aggregation through an online platform for sharing interests, knowledge and experiences (Rheingold, 1993).”
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    • cites Rheingold, 1993

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    Interpretationreasoning

    IS has an enabling and empowering role in the promotion of climate change.

    “I draw on my personal interest and knowledge of online communities and digital platforms, to posit that IS has an enabling and empowering role in the promotion of climate change.”
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    Premisecitation

    Japan's Green IT Project aims to reduce energy consumption of network components and data centers by more than 30%.

    “It aims to reduce energy consumption of network components and data centers by more than 30%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites GZR, 2020

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Activism is a collective action that can challenge the status quo and pressure leaders, corporations, communities, groups, and individuals to make changes.

    “Activism has been portrayed as a collective action (Landzelius, 2006), which can be orientated towards challenging the status-quo, and putting pressures on world leaders, corporations, communities, groups and individuals to make much needed changes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Landzelius, 2006 source

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Digital activism maintains activism's collective nature and transformational purpose and relies on online media and digital platforms to reach global audiences and mobilize large-scale protests worldwide.

    “Digital activism can maintain activism traditional characteristics namely its collective nature and transformational purpose (George & Leidner, 2019), whilst its dynastic feature is that it relies on the use of online media and digital platforms with the purpose of reaching global audiences and mobilizing large-scale protests worldwide (Askanius & Uldam, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites George & Leidner, 2019

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    • cites Askanius & Uldam, 2011

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    Premisecitation

    Blockchain applications are not always energy hungry, and often applications in different use cases such as SolarCoin and VerdePay may actually help in reducing carbon footprints.

    “For example, blockchain applications are not always energy hungry, and often applications in different use cases such as SolarCoin and VerdePay may actually help in reducing carbon footprints (Howson, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Howson, 2019 source

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    Premisecitation

    AI will play a critical role beyond enabling better consumption of energy, water, and land usage, and it will facilitate environmental governance with greater effectiveness.

    “A recent review on AI and its possible impacts towards sustainability argue that AI will play a critical role beyond enabling better consumption of energy, water, and land usage, and it will facilitate environmental governance with greater effectiveness (Nishant et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nishant et al., 2020 source

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    Interpretationnone given

    Technology can offer cost-effective market-driven solutions using sensors, software, and networks.

    “Technology can also offer cost-effective market-driven solutions, using sensors, software and networks.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The role of IS has been invaluable in providing a platform for young activists to be heard, form a community, grow a collective voice, lead debates and protests, and increase awareness on the climate crisis.

    “The role of IS has been invaluable in providing a platform for these young activists to be heard, to form a community, to grow a collective voice and ultimately to lead on debates and protests and increase awareness on the climate crisis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Software upgrades often render legacy hardware unusable, leading to e-waste.

    “These upgrades often leave the legacy hardware unusable leading to e-waste.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Online platforms are transforming political engagement and offering the younger generation means to express ideas and voice concerns to a global audience.

    “According to the same study, online platforms are transforming political engagement whilst offering the younger generation the means to express their ideas and voice their concerns to a global audience.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Boulianne, Lalancette, and Ilkiw (2020)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Innovation and upgrades in the technology sector push hardware upgrades.

    “Innovation and upgradation in the technologies sector are simultaneously pushing the hardware upgrades.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    A consistent shift in consumption patterns toward replacement over repair causes large environmental overheads.

    “A consistent shift in the consumption pattern which pushes replace over repair is causing huge overheads on the environment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Working from home has significantly increased driven by the pandemic, which has drastically reduced travel to workplaces, thereby reducing the carbon footprint from travel and maintaining office infrastructure.

    “Driven by the pandemic, working from home has significantly increased, which has drastically reduced travel to workplaces, thereby reducing the carbon footprint from travel and maintaining office infrastructure.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Chakraborty & Kar, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Galanti et al., 2021 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Richter, 2020 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The transportation industry accounts for nearly 25% of all CO2 emissions from fuel combustion worldwide.

    “Transportation industry accounts for nearly 25% of all CO2 emissions from fuel combustion around the world (IEA, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites IEA, 2019

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    IS research has been focusing on socially relevant issues and examining green IS.

    “IS research has been focusing on socially relevant issues as well as examining green IS (Nishant, Teo, & Goh, 2017;Watson, Boudreau, & Chen, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Nishant, Teo, & Goh, 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Watson, Boudreau, & Chen, 2010

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Mutual understanding among members, group attachment, and identification are crucial for online community success.

    “Mutual understanding among members (Ma & Agarwal, 2007) as well as group attachment and identification (Panteli & Sivunen, 2019;Ren, Kraut, & Kiesler, 2007) have been found to be crucial for OC success.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Ma & Agarwal, 2007 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Panteli & Sivunen, 2019

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Ren, Kraut, & Kiesler, 2007

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The success of any technology is dependent on the people and processes surrounding the technology.

    “However, the success of any technology is dependent on the people and processes surrounding the technology.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Using technology in climate change assessment, prevention, and adaptation can help save the ecosystem from damage and degradation.

    “Overall, using technology into climate change assessment, prevention, and adaptation can help save the ecosystem from damage and degradation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The IPCC AR6 report has been described as the starkest warning of irreversible and inevitable climate change.

    “The report has been described as the starkest warning of irreversible and inevitable climate change (Harvey, 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Harvey, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The climate impact of streaming and data exchanges may have been overrated but remains significant.

    “Although the climate impact of streaming and data exchanges may have been overrated, they nevertheless remain significant (Kamiya, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kamiya, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Online communities can provide shelter for members and a sense of place where members feel empowered to freely express themselves and get involved in stimulating discussions.

    “OCs can be used for providing a shelter for their members (Vaast & Levina, 2015) and a sense of place where members feel empowered to freely express themselves and get involved in stimulating discussions (Panteli, 2016).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Vaast & Levina, 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Panteli, 2016 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    IS research and teaching can make a strong contribution to the fight against climate change through a focus on issues topical due to COP26 and increasing digitalization.

    “In summary, we see that IS research and teaching can make a strong contribution to our fight against climate change through a focus on issues that have become topical due to COP26 and increasing digitalization of society.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: There is a severe lack of awareness around climate change and how it connects to digitalization and technology transformations.
    • Rests on an assumption: Courses discussing the flip side of these technologies in the context of climate change and sustainability are scarce.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Natural catastrophes affect around 200 million people each year.

    “Natural catastrophes affect around 200 million people each year, according to United Nations figures.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites United Nations figures

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    IS, being at the intersection of people, process, and technology, is well poised to play a key role in combating climate change.

    “IS, being at the intersection of people, process, and technology, is therefore well poised to play a key role in combating climate change.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Digital copies of documents save paper but still require data storage.

    “If we create digital copies of documents and save paper (and trees), we still have to store the data we create.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Fusion is only possible when scientists can compute the shape of magnetic confinement devices of Tokamaks and Stellarators or perform simulations.

    “Fusion is only possible when scientists are able to compute the shape of magnetic confinement devices of Tokamaks and Stellarators (Klinger, 2021) or to perform simulations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Klinger, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    These impacts can be linked to technologies and IS that do not suitably consider socio-ecological and socio-technical considerations, and that fail to recognize the value of design, testing and validation, with sustainability and people in mind.

    “These impacts can be linked to technologies and IS that do not suitably consider socio-ecological and socio-technical considerations, and that fail to recognize the value of design, testing and validation, with sustainability and people in mind (Chen, Boudreau, & Watson, 2008;Trist, 1981).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Chen, Boudreau, & Watson, 2008

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Trist, 1981

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The coupling of natural and human systems is defined by highly integrated and complex system dynamics resulting from human-nature interactions.

    “The coupling of natural and human systems is defined by highly integrated and complex system dynamics resulting from humannature interactions (Liu et al., 2007).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Liu et al., 2007 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The entire lifecycle of technological evolution to disposition adversely affects the environment and technological companies are largely responsible for this threat.

    “It is therefore very evident that the entire lifecycle of technological evolution to disposition adversely affects the environment and technological companies are largely responsible for this threat.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    This coupling has presented significant global challenges and wicked problems that require immediate attention in view of sustainability, particularly given the centrality of technology and information systems to these interactions.

    “This has presented significant global challenges and wicked problems (Brown, Harris, & Russell, 2010;Buchanan, 1992) that require immediate attention in view of sustainability, particularly given the centrality of technology and information systems (IS) to these interactions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Brown, Harris, & Russell, 2010

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Buchanan, 1992 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    These geopolitical risks may in turn generate other ecological risks because wars are never clean.

    “These geopolitical risks may in turn generate other ecological risks because we unfortunately know that wars are never clean.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationcitation

    The mitigation of the undesirable consequences of existing and emerging technologies and IS necessitates intervention in the form of sustainability transitions, moving beyond the existing multi-level perspective toward transdisciplinarity.

    “The mitigation of the undesirable consequences of existing and emerging technologies and IS necessitates intervention in the form of sustainability transitions (Loorbach, Frantzeskaki, & Avelino, 2017;Smith, Stirling, & Berkhout, 2005), moving beyond the existing multi-level perspective (Geels, 2004(Geels, , 2011) ) toward transdisciplinarity.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Loorbach, Frantzeskaki, & Avelino, 2017 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Smith, Stirling, & Berkhout, 2005 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Geels, 2004, 2011

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Low-carbon energy technologies contribute toward mitigating climate change.

    “While the low-carbon energy technologies contribute toward mitigating climate change (Schmidt & Sewerin, 2017), there is a need for further research on how social-psychological factors, lifestyles, behavioral patterns, etc. will help organizations and individuals to adopt such technologies that can reduce the CO 2 emission and serve toward the climate change.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Schmidt & Sewerin, 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Unless we take and accept measures to get sober in what we consume and produce, digitization alone may not be such a good solution for saving our environment.

    “Unless we take and accept measures to get sober in what we consume and what we produce, digitization alone may not be such a good solution for saving our environment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Biodiversity is both implicitly and explicitly linked to health and wellbeing, in addition to sustainable development programs.

    “Biodiversity is both implicitly and explicitly linked to health and wellbeing, in addition to sustainable development programs (Naeem, Chazdon, Duffy, & Worm, 2016; World Health Organization & Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2015).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Naeem, Chazdon, Duffy, & Worm, 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites World Health Organization & Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationcitation

    The negative impact of the IT sector on the environment could be reduced to a certain extent by adopting the responsible practices of the circular economy, which signifies reusing some of the raw materials of the disposed equipment for a more sustainable approach to consumption.

    “This negative impact of the IT sector on the environment could be reduced to a certain extent by adopting the responsible practices of the circular economy, which signifies reusing some of the raw materials of the disposed equipment for a more sustainable approach to consumption.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Geissdoerfer, Savaget, Bocken, & Hultink, 2017 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    There are huge geopolitical implications related to the sometimes unique locations of resources and where chips or materials for digital equipment are produced, to the extent that children's lives are destroyed as in Congo.

    “Not only are we exhausting resources, but there are huge geopolitical implications related to the sometimes unique locations of these resources on the planet and related to where chips or materials for certain of our digital equipment are produced (to the extent that children's lives are destroyed as in Congo, see Lebrun, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Lebrun, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    When the factors of a Smart City concept are integrated, such as ICT, urban infrastructure, open data with data governance, and stakeholder participation, equitable and sustainable solutions can be developed to face city challenges.

    “When the factors of a Smart City concept are integrated, such as ICT, urban infrastructure, open data with data governance, and stakeholder participation, equitable and sustainable solutions can be developed to face city challenges (Yadav et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Yadav et al., 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    While all problems are local and community focused, their impacts are increasingly global, given the age of entanglement and the tight coupling of natural and human systems.

    “This involves recognition that while all problems are local and community focused, their impacts are increasingly global, given the age of entanglement we now live in (Hillis, 2016as cited in Crow & Dabars, 2020, p. 381), and the tight coupling of natural and human systems, as described above.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Hillis, 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Crow & Dabars, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationcitation

    The proposed Socio-Technical Sustainability Design Cycle would promote Public Interest Technology (PIT) research, empowering citizens and communities.

    “In considering sustainability transitions more specifically, the proposed Socio-Technical Sustainability Design Cycle would promote Public Interest Technology (PIT) research, empowering citizens and communities (Pitt, Michael, & Abbas, 2021).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Pitt, Michael, & Abbas, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Growing population, particularly in urban areas, has put pressure on researchers and society to address challenges surrounding the global lack of scarce resources and the negative impact on the environment.

    “The growing population, particularly in urban areas, has put pressure on researchers and society to address challenges surrounding the global lack of scarce resources and the negative impact on the environment (Khatoun & Zeadally, 2016;Kumar, Singh, Gupta, & Madaan, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Khatoun & Zeadally, 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Kumar, Singh, Gupta, & Madaan, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The potential value of data, information flow and technology to address the effective management of scarce resources has been the driver of the Smart City concept.

    “The potential value of data, information flow and technology to address the effective management of scarce resources has been the driver of the Smart City concept (Ismagilova et al., 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ismagilova et al., 2019 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    IoT is an integral part of Smart Mobility and is regarded as an enabling technology of big data.

    “IoT is an integral part of Smart Mobility and is regarded as an enabling technology of big data (Bibri, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Bibri, 2019 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Valuable information can only be provided to users if access to data is available.

    “However, valuable information can only be provided to users if access to data is available.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    It would additionally emphasize the importance of directing attention to highly integrative basic and responsive (HIBAR) research, which is still lacking internationally, despite the creation of globally oriented goals such as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

    “It would additionally emphasize the importance of directing attention to highly integrative basic and responsive (HIBAR) research (Crow & Dabars, 2020, p. 376), which is still lacking internationally, despite the creation of globally oriented goals such as the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (World Health Organization, 2015).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Crow & Dabars, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites World Health Organization, 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Another core dimension for a Smart City is Smart Policy, meaning that any Smart City initiative should align with the strategy of the city, the country (government laws), intergovernmental agreements and global policies.

    “Another core dimension for a Smart City is that of Smart Policy, meaning that any Smart City initiative should align with the strategy of the city, the country (government laws), intergovernmental agreements and of course global policies (Garg, Schmitt, & Stiller, 2017;Yadav, Hasan, Ojo, & Curry, 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Garg, Schmitt, & Stiller, 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Yadav, Hasan, Ojo, & Curry, 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationcitation

    Capturing first principles from foundational theories and frameworks across disciplines, including IS, and merging them to form a transdisciplinary lens will allow for the creation of models and simulations that afford a high-level view or conceptualization of existing major forces and counterforces.

    “Capturing first principles from foundational theories and frameworks across disciplines, including IS, and merging them to form a transdisciplinary lens will allow for the creation of models and simulations that afford a high-level view or conceptualization of existing major forces and counterforces (Frodeman, 2014;Scholz, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Frodeman, 2014

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Scholz, 2020 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The development of these innovative technologies will greatly contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions and enable a dramatic increase in energy reduction benefits.

    “The development of these innovative technologies will greatly contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions and enable a dramatic increase in energy reduction benefits.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: IT technology is being incorporated into a variety of advanced devices and contributing directly and indirectly to the reduction of CO2 emissions.
    • Rests on an assumption: IT innovation is driving energy-efficient manufacturing by promoting energy-saving investments and measures.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationcitation

    Through deliberate reconfiguration or redesign of university structures, new transdisciplinary agendas can be positioned to respond to global challenges.

    “Through the deliberate reconfiguration or redesign of university structures, new transdisciplinary agendas can be positioned to respond to global challenges (Crow & Dabars, 2015, ch. 5;Gholami, Watson, Hasan, Molla, & Bjorn-Andersen, 2016).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Crow & Dabars, 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Gholami, Watson, Hasan, Molla, & Bjorn-Andersen, 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationcitation

    A preliminary phase in operationalising the proposed design cycle and implementing sustainability transitions is the strategic realignment of IS, and/or the higher education system to proceed toward the production of knowledge and socio-technical innovations that are purpose driven and in the public interest, facilitating an integrated and responsive approach to addressing global challenges.

    “A preliminary phase in operationalising the proposed design cycle and implementing sustainability transitions is the strategic realignment of IS, and/or the higher education system to proceed toward the production of knowledge and socio-technical innovations that are purpose driven and in the public interest (Abbas & Michael, 2021), facilitating an integrated and responsive approach to addressing”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Abbas & Michael, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Melville, 2010 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    XR technology will contribute directly and indirectly to global environmental issues by minimizing the physical resources generated, utilized, and consumed in various processes in social, economic, and management activities.

    “Furthermore, XR technology, which has a promising future, will contribute directly and indirectly to global environmental issues by minimizing the physical resources generated, utilized, and consumed in various processes in social, economic, and management activities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Advances of IT have shortened the time and space in business processes and supply chains across a whole range of industries, accelerated decision-making and raised business efficiency, and have given birth to new business models that transcend and converge dissimilar industries.

    “To date, the advances of IT have shortened the time and space in business processes and supply chains across a whole range of industries, accelerated decision-making and raised business efficiency, and have given birth to new business models that transcend and converge dissimilar industries (Kodama, 2020(Kodama, , 2021)).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Kodama, 2020 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Kodama, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    Achieving such a capability commands stakeholder engagement in the provision of data to an emergent knowledge system, encapsulating multi-level perspectives within socio-cultural, business, techno-economic and institutionally-relevant policy contexts.

    “Achieving such a capability commands stakeholder engagement in the provision of data to an emergent knowledge system, encapsulating multi-level perspectives (local-national-global) within socio-cultural, business, techno-economic and institutionally-relevant policy contexts (Köhler et al., 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Köhler et al., 2019 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Global IT communities are important organizational platforms for evolving the core knowledge in one's own country while at the same time actively exploring and integrating the best knowledge from around the world with the core knowledge of one's own country.

    “Global IT communities are important organizational platforms for evolving the core knowledge in one's own country while at the same time actively exploring and integrating the best knowledge from around the world with the core knowledge of one's own country (see Fig. 2).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationcitation

    Within this model, the information systems discipline has a significant and mediating role given its socio-technical orientation and appreciation of the open systems paradigm.

    “Within this model, the information systems discipline has a significant and mediating role given its socio-technical orientation and appreciation of the open systems paradigm (Scott & Davis, 2015;von Bertalanffy, 1950;Watson et al., 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Scott & Davis, 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites von Bertalanffy, 1950 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Watson et al., 2010 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    At the heart of these transitions is the establishment and socio-technical (re)design of higher education frameworks resulting in new forms of knowledge production, allowing for the design and redesign of human-centered socio-technical systems for sustainability, and consequently for human benefit.

    “At the heart of these transitions is the establishment and socio-technical (re)design of higher education frameworks resulting in new forms of knowledge production, allowing for the design and redesign of human-centered socio-technical systems for sustainability, and consequently for human benefit (Geels, 2010;Verbong & Geels, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Geels, 2010 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Verbong & Geels, 2010

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The promotion of a Smart Environment is one of the core dimensions of a Smart City.

    “The promotion of a Smart Environment is one of the core dimensions of a Smart City (Van der Hoogen, Scholtz, & Calitz, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Van der Hoogen, Scholtz, & Calitz, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    The framework acknowledges corresponding application areas and the link to financing models, stakeholder engagement, transdisciplinary theorizations/conceptualizations and operationalisation to achieve the goal of sustainability toward human health and wellbeing.

    “The framework also acknowledges the corresponding application areas and the link to financing models, stakeholder engagement (balancing lived experience and professional expertise), transdisciplinary theorizations/conceptualizations and operationalisation to achieve the goal of sustainability toward human health and wellbeing (Abbas et al., 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Abbas et al., 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Big data is only valuable once quality data is produced, which is required for intelligent decision making to contribute to sustainable smart cities.

    “However, big data is only valuable once quality data is produced, which is required for intelligent decision making to contribute to sustainable smart cities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Without obvious common roots, sustainability and digitization have largely developed independently of one another.

    “Without obvious common roots, these two megatrends have largely developed independently of one another (Naujok, Fleming, & Srivatsav, 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Naujok, Fleming, & Srivatsav, 2018

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Digitalization vehicles can help to optimize fuel and/or battery usage, and hence result in less pollution of the environment.

    “Digitalization vehicles can help to optimize fuel and/or battery usage, and hence result in less pollution of the environment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Persuasive systems such as KlimaKarl cannot force behavior change but can definitely informate users.

    “Obviously such systems cannot force behavior change but can definitely informate users.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Minimizing the environmental impact of information systems concerns not only the design and use period.

    “Minimizing the environmental impact of information systems, however, concerns not only the design and use period.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The call is for more extensive research on climate change and its impact on the world, where 'grand challenges' require a wider understanding of the phenomena and a scoping that includes ideas and concepts outside of current disciplinary concerns.

    “The call is for more extensive research on climate change and its impact on the world, where 'grand challenges' require a wider understanding of the phenomena and a scoping that includes ideas and concepts outside of current disciplinary concerns (Winter & Butler, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Winter & Butler, 2011

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    With these drastic and adverse changes in agricultural conditions, there follows shortages in food, nutrition deficiency for both women and children, loss of livelihood, and increase in debt.

    “With these drastic and adverse changes in agricultural conditions, there follows shortages in food, nutrition deficiency for both women and children, loss of livelihood, and increase in debt (Chandra, McNamara, Dargusch, Caspe, & Dalabajan, 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Chandra, McNamara, Dargusch, Caspe, & Dalabajan, 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Without effective coordination, organizations leave themselves open to risks, and may miss out on rewards.

    “Without effective coordination, organizations leave themselves open to risks, and may miss out on rewards.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    IS scholars cannot solve the problems of environmental damage from digital technologies themselves.

    “and IS scholars cannot solve the problems themselves”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    In digitizing business processes, we drastically reduce, even eliminate, the consumption of paper, which saves trees, and in turn contributes to better environmental outcomes.

    “After all, in digitizing business processes, we drastically reduce, even eliminate the consumption of paper, which saves trees, and in turn contributes to better environmental outcomes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Prior research in IS has examined the postcolonial condition prevailing in former colonies of large imperial nations of the West, which includes most of the developing and less-developed world.

    “Prior research in IS has examined the postcolonial condition prevailing in former colonies of large imperial nations of the West, which includes most of the developing and less-developed world (Lin, Kuo, & Myers, 2015;Ravishankar, Pan, & Myers, 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Lin, Kuo, & Myers, 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Ravishankar, Pan, & Myers, 2013

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    As the sustainability and digitization trends continue to grow, Corporate Digital Responsibility will become increasingly relevant for organizational performance, both to mitigate risks as well as find new sources of advantage.

    “In summary, as the sustainability and digitization trends continue to grow, Corporate Digital Responsibility will become increasingly relevant for organizational performance, both to mitigate risks as well as find new sources of advantage.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    This lack of information prevents stakeholders from making informed decisions, such as how to manage the city resources more efficiently or how to attract potential investors.

    “This lack of information prevents stakeholders from making informed decisions, such as how to manage the city resources more efficiently or how to attract potential investors.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Environmental damage resulting from harnessing digital technologies is a systemic issue involving many different stakeholders.

    “Obviously, the environmental damage resulting from the harnessing of digital technologies is a systemic issue involving many different stakeholders”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Climate change directly challenges our conceptualization of sustainable growth and sustainability itself.

    “This is not just an isolated threat: it directly challenges our conceptualization of sustainable growth and sustainability itself.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The computing within limits movement is guided by three core ideas: aiming for a steady-state economy and acknowledging the limit of growth, considering models of scarcity to promote resilience, and reducing energy and material consumption while avoiding the rebound effect.

    “This movement is guided by three core ideas: aiming for a steady-state economy and acknowledging the limit of growth, considering models of scarcity in order to promote resilience, and reducing energy and material consumption while avoiding the rebound effect (Nardi et al., 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nardi et al., 2018 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    DSR is perfectly placed to meet the threats to sustainability.

    “DSR is perfectly placed to meet the threats to sustainability.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Ghosh's call resonates in IS research, where this phenomenon is recognized as a 'critical challenge' for researchers and practitioners.

    “Ghosh's call resonates in IS research, where this phenomenon is recognized as a 'critical challenge' for researchers and practitioners (Gholami et al., 2016;Eliot and Webster, 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Gholami et al., 2016 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Eliot and Webster, 2017

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    There are societal impacts of inaccurate A.I. decision-making algorithms that can lead to unfair or discriminatory practices, as has been noted among many recommendation engines.

    “There are also societal impacts of inaccurate A.I. decision-making algorithms that can lead to unfair or discriminatory practices, as has been noted among many recommendation engines (Noriega, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Noriega, 2020 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Mining of such minerals is not only associated with slavery, conflicts, and human exploitation very often, but also results in dangerous waste.

    “Mining of such minerals is not only associated with slavery, conflicts, and human exploitation very often, but also results in dangerous waste.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Crawford, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Through metering, we are able to encourage consumers to consume less electricity, which again contributes to better environmental outcomes.

    “We also think of how, through metering, we are able to encourage consumers to consume less electricity, which again contributes to better environmental outcomes (e.g., Wunderlich, Veit, & Sarker, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wunderlich, Veit, & Sarker, 2019

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    In response to any crisis, to develop and deploy resources effectively, an IS must produce an accurate, reliable, and trustworthy assessment of the situation at scale.

    “In response to any crisis, however, we know that to develop and deploy resources effectively, an IS must produce an accurate, reliable, and trustworthy assessment of the situation at scale (Bunker, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Bunker, 2020 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    These cases highlight an emerging need for development of effective complex information governance approaches for IS, using dynamic organizing principles.

    “These cases highlight an emerging need for development of effective complex information governance approaches for IS, using dynamic organizing principles.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Education and training can encourage learners to think about technological and behavioral changes to reduce and mitigate environmental impact.

    “Education and training can encourage learners to think about technological and behavioral changes to reduce and mitigate environmental impact within their local sphere of influence and macro level.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Several information technologies are poised to play a critical role in monitoring, managing, and mitigating climate change-related phenomena and increasing environmental resiliency.

    “Several information technologies are poised to play a critical role in monitoring, managing, and mitigating climate change-related phenomena and increasing environmental resiliency.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Researchers at NASA believe that the unprecedented warming trends today are the effect of human actions.

    “The researchers at NASA further believe that the unprecedented warming trends today are the effect of human actions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Shaftel, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisereasoning

    Lee, Zhu, and Jeffery (2019) did not directly address the complexity of information governance where trusted situational awareness/consensus is developed at a societal level from a combination of formal and informal IS.

    “While they focussed on data governance and practices, they did not directly address the complexity of information governance where trusted situational awareness/consensus is developed at a societal level from a combination of formal and informal IS.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Lee, Zhu, and Jeffery (2019)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The three forms of coordination (markets, institutions, hierarchy) are critical 'global levers' for climate action, so consensus regarding information governance at a transitional level is crucial for achievement of situational awareness, development of sustainability response/goals and resulting action.

    “These three forms of coordination are critical 'global levers' for climate action so consensus regarding information governance at a transitional level is crucial for achievement of situational awareness, development of sustainability response/goals and resulting action.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    While IS scholars have mainly focussed on information governance approaches for formal organizational IS, the self-producing/constructing attributes of hybrid IS which combine elements of the formal and informal have been largely ignored.

    “While IS scholars have mainly focussed on information governance approaches for formal organizational IS, the self-producing/constructing attributes of hybrid IS which combine elements of the formal and informal have been largely ignored.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Far less is known about information governance in complex scenarios where formal IS and informal social IS might combine to jointly produce situational awareness on which to frame a response.

    “Far less is known about information governance in complex scenarios where formal IS and informal social IS might combine to jointly produce situational awareness on which to frame a response.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Educational institutions can create partnerships with community stakeholders to accelerate carbon-neutral business practices and build environmental resiliency.

    “Educational institutions can create partnerships with community stakeholders to accelerate carbon-neutral business practices and build environmental resiliency.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The negative aspects of social systems and platforms and their combination/integration with formally managed and governed IS have presented society with many problems.

    “The negative aspects of social systems and platforms and their combination/integration with formally managed and governed IS, have presented society with many problems (Elbanna, Dwivedi, Bunker, & Wastell, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Elbanna, Dwivedi, Bunker, & Wastell, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    There is potential for the management and use of hybrid IS to effect positive outcomes for social sustainability and the response to the global climate crisis, if approaches to complex information governance are developed and implemented by IS scholars and practitioners.

    “There is, however, potential for their management and use to effect positive outcomes for social sustainability and the response to the global climate crisis, if approaches to complex information governance are developed and implemented by IS scholars and practitioners.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The key components or mechanisms of complex governance for social sustainability include: policy integration, common objectives, criteria, trade-off rules and indicators, information and incentives for practical implementation and programs for system innovation.

    “The key components or mechanisms of complex governance for social sustainability include: policy integration, common objectives, criteria, trade-off rules and indictors, information and incentives for practical implementation and programs for system innovation (Kemp et al., 2005).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kemp et al., 2005 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The IS research community is also a user of IT.

    “The IS research community is also a user of IT.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    We are amid an existential climate crisis which has been building since the onset of the industrial revolution.

    “We are amid an existential climate crisis which has been building since the onset of the industrial revolution (Jonsson, 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Jonsson, 2012 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Autopoietic systems are self-producing; contingently maintained; structurally open but organizationally closed; structurally determined; able to be structurally coupled to other systems by mutual specification and/or co-evolution; and able to embrace embodied cognition and self-reference/recursion to enable self-construction/production.

    “These systems are: self-producing; contingently maintained (so that they don't breakdown); structurally open but organizationally closed; structurally determined; able to be structurally coupled to other systems by mutual specification and/or co-evolution; and able to embrace embodied cognition and self-reference/recursion to enable self-construction/production (Mingers, 2002, p. 280).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Mingers, 2002 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Premisecitation

    This can be achieved through the nature and dynamics of autopoiesis or self-producing/constructing physical systems.

    “This can be achieved through the nature and dynamics of autopoiesis or self-producing/constructing physical systems (Bunker et al., 2013;Mingers, 2002Mingers, , 2004)).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Bunker et al., 2013

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Mingers, 2002 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Mingers, 2004 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Environment-friendly practices such as green computing and green coding help minimize the environmental impact of the resulting information systems.

    “These practices help to minimize the environmental impact of the resulting information systems.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The world's climatic conditions seem to deteriorate every day, and evidence from research held at NASA bolsters this claim.

    “The world's climatic conditions seem to deteriorate every day, and the evidence from the research (Shaftel, 2021) held at NASA further bolsters this claim.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Shaftel, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Currently there is a global focus on the importance of STEM education, but more recently there have been calls for a reframing of STEM from technoscience, towards a science of reconnection with nature.

    “Currently there is a global focus on the importance of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, but more recently there have been calls for a reframing of STEM from technoscience, towards a science of reconnection with nature (Smith & Watson, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Smith & Watson, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Higher education institutions can provide knowledge and resources to learners and create awareness, inspiring the next generation to navigate the complexities of climate change.

    “Higher education institutions can provide knowledge and resources to the learners and create awareness, inspiring the next generation to navigate the complexities of climate change.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Bringing carbon dioxide levels down to the safer threshold of 350 parts per million would require the removal of about 2000 gigatons of CO2 from the atmosphere over the next century.

    “Bringing it down to the safer threshold of 350 parts per million would require the removal of about 2000 gigatons of CO2 from the atmosphere over the next century (Fork & Koningstein, 2021;Frontier technologies, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Fork & Koningstein, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Frontier technologies, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationcitation

    Data analytics could help manage climate changes for uninterrupted and effective energy production.

    “In this way, data analytics could help manage climate changes for uninterrupted and effective energy production.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Neural networks can help extensively in challenging scenarios.

    “In such challenging scenarios, neural networks can help extensively.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Callaghan et al. (2021) concluded, based on mapping 10,000 attributes, that almost 80% of the global land area is affected by human-caused climate change.

    “A recent paper published on the 10th of October 2021 (Callaghan et al., 2021) successfully collected enough evidence to conclude-based on mapping of 10000 attributes-that almost 80% of the land area globally is affected by climate changes caused by human actions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Callaghan et al., 2021 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Green IT/IS can help reduce the negative consequences of technology production on the environment and contribute to sustainable solutions.

    “Green IT/IS can help reduce the negative consequences of technology production on the environment and contribute to sustainable solutions, including environmentally sustainable business processes, practices, and end products in organizations and communities (Boudreau, Chen, & Huber, 2008).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Boudreau, Chen, & Huber, 2008

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Bitcoin can hardly be considered an environmentally sustainable technology.

    “From this vantage point, for example Bitcoin can hardly be considered an environmentally sustainable technology.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Digital services, platforms, and infrastructures consume significant amounts of electricity globally.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The efficiency and performance of a solar power plant depends on changing meteorological conditions.

    “The efficiency and performance of a solar power plant would depend on these changing conditions.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Risk analysis can be used in combination with IoT enabled devices to send real-time alerts in case of high-risk prediction.

    “Risk analysis is another critical feature that can be used in combination with IoT enabled devices to send real-time alerts in case of high-risk prediction.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) was established in 2020 by the central government and is predicted to reduce 20-30% of particulate matter concentration in 4 years by 2024.

    “The 'National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)' was established in 2020 by the central government that is predicted to reduce 20-30% of particulate matter concentration in 4 years by 2024 (NCAP, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites NCAP, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Results drawn from such analysis could aid in finding sustainable alternatives.

    “Results drawn from such analysis could also aid in finding sustainable alternatives.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    A study in the United States used ANN to identify factors affected by differences in hydro-climatology of two streams and inferred how differences affected average runoff, flow stability and frequency of floods.

    “One such example is the study carried out in the United States that used this technique to identify the factors affected due to differences in hydro-climatology of two different streams.This study successfully inferred how the differences affected the average runoff, flow stability(from baseline) and frequency of floods in the two areas (Poff, Tokar, & Johnson, 1996).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Poff, Tokar, & Johnson, 1996

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Data Science offers a plethora of techniques that can be applied in the majority of challenging scenarios.

    “Data Science offers a plethora of such techniques that can be applied in the majority of challenging scenarios.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Analyzing foot-fall data of public transport systems could help identify efficient routes, and a Smart Transport System would optimize fuel consumption and reduce carbon footprints.

    “Analyzing the foot-fall data of various public transport systems, for example, could help identify efficient routes, and this 'Smart Transport System' would then optimize its fuel consumption and aid in reducing carbon footprints.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Data Science makes smart technologies 'Smart' or 'Intelligent'.

    “It is Data Science that makes these technologies' Smart' or 'Intelligent'.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine published a 2021 report highlighting the need to transform the world's energy system to net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050.

    “the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine has convened a committee of experts and published a report in 2021 to highlight the need for transforming the world's energy system to one with net-zero emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) by 2050 (NASEM, 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites NASEM, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Cloud computing can be used to accelerate the process, and IoT could help apply these efficiently in a practical scenario.

    “Cloud computing can further be used to accelerate the process, and IoT could help apply these efficiently in a practical scenario.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Data science techniques are used to explore the general trend in climate change and its mechanisms to identify hidden correlation/attributes in data.

    “It is all used to explore the general trend in climate change and its mechanisms to identify the hidden correlation/attributes in the data that is otherwise not decipherable.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Data science can help in acquisition of environmental data as well as monitoring and analyzing it.

    “It can help in the acquisition of environmental data as well as monitoring and analyzing it.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Namami Gange Programme aims to reduce water pollution, conserve effectively and revive river Ganga.

    “Another such flagship scheme introduced by the government is the 'Namami Gange Programme' that aims to reduce water pollution, conserve effectively and revive river Ganga (Namami Gange Programme, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Namami Gange Programme, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Finland's Ministry of Transport and Communications recently published a climate and environmental strategy for the ICT sector.

    “In Finland, the Ministry of Transport and Communications recently published a climate and environmental strategy for the information and communication technology sector (Ojala & Oksanen, 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ojala & Oksanen, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Considering global smartphone penetration, the energy consumption of smartphones is a significant sustainability issue.

    “Considering the global smartphone penetration, energy consumption of smartphones is a significant sustainability issue.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Upgrading video from HD to 4-8K quality affects the energy consumption of devices such as smartphones and tablets used to watch the videos.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    This can help take immediate actions in case of an emergency or check if an industry is compliant with pollution control requirements.

    “This can help take immediate actions in case of an emergency or check if an industry is compliant with the pollution control requirements.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    A smart air conditioning system that collects, compares and analyses weather and usage data can develop plans that optimize economic and environmental savings.

    “Another such example would be a 'smart air conditioning system' that collects, compares and analyses weather and usage data to develop plans that optimize economic and environmental savings-solutions such as these help tackle issues regarding the sustainability of the climate.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    These alerts and controls maintain safety by keeping a check on potential hazards.

    “These alerts and controls maintain safety by keeping a check on potential hazards.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A 2016 study used Bayesian Network approach to evaluate how climate change disturbances affected coral reefs.

    “One such study (Franco, Hepburn, Smith, Nimrod, & Tucker, 2016) conducted in 2016 used the Bayesian Network approach to evaluate how climate change disturbances affected the coral reefs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Franco, Hepburn, Smith, Nimrod, & Tucker, 2016

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Calculations from this model revealed that almost half the members surpassed the surface heating range that the IPCC estimated earlier.

    “Calculations from this model revealed that almost half the members surpassed the surface heating range that the IPCC estimated earlier.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Knutti et al., 2003 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    YouTube's CO2 emissions in 2019 were evaluated to equal those of a city the size of Glasgow.

    “CO2 emissions of You-Tube in 2019 was evaluated to equal a city size of Glasgow.7”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7] Alston, 2015

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Remote sensing and continuous data monitoring improve data availability that is the foundation for Data analysis.

    “Remote sensing and continuous data monitoring improve data availability that is the foundation for Data analysis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The NASEM report emphasizes investing in new technology, expanding innovation toolkits, and reducing the cost of existing technology in a socially just way.

    “The report emphasizes the need to invest in new technology, expand innovation toolkits, and reduce the cost of existing technology in a socially just way.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites NASEM, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The study revealed results identifying the factor that contributed most to the carbonate budgetary state of the reef and concluded that the change in the state of the reef was mainly due to the decrease in water quality.

    “The study revealed interesting results identifying the factor that contributed the most to the carbonate budgetary state of the reef and concluded that the change in the state of the reef was mainly due to the decrease in water quality (Franco et al., 2016).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Franco et al., 2016 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Further improvements in the climate model were made in 2003 to increase its efficiency with larger datasets.

    “Further improvements in the climate model were also made in 2003 (Knutti, Stocker, Joos, & Plattner, 2003) to increase its efficiency with larger datasets.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Knutti, Stocker, Joos, & Plattner, 2003

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Finnish strategy defines ICT-related objectives and measures for carbon-neutral Finland, including energy efficiency, procurement, material flows, data center statistics, and awareness.

    “The strategy defines ICT related objectives and measures for carbon-neutral Finland, paying attention to ICT infrastructures and their energy efficiency, making recommendations on energy aspects in software and service procurement, considering material flows and recycling of the devices, suggesting energy consumption statistics on data centers, and increasing awareness of energy specific issues of”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ojala & Oksanen, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The academic IS community has worked on technology adoption for decades, and individual-level technology adoption is one of the most mature areas of academic IS research.

    “The academic IS community has worked on technology adoption for decades and the individual-level technology adoption has evolved to be one of the most mature areas of academic IS research (Venkatesh, Davis, & Morris, 2007).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Venkatesh, Davis, & Morris, 2007 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    A major drawback of solar energy is that its availability widely depends on meteorological conditions.

    “One of the major drawbacks of this form of energy is that its availability widely depends on meteorological conditions.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Jang, Bae, Park, and Sung (2016) discussed how to leverage satellite images to train a SVM model and predict the motion of clouds.

    “Jang, Bae, Park, and Sung (2016) has discussed how we can leverage images captured by the satellite to train a SVM (Support Vector Machine) model and predict the motion of clouds.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Jang, Bae, Park, and Sung (2016)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Big Data provides a platform for processing large chunks of heterogeneous data; Data Analytics and AI help analyze this data and identify trends; this intelligence is then used in business to make informed and calculated decisions.

    “While Big Data provides a platform for processing large chunks of heterogeneous data, Data Analytics and AI help analyze this data and identify trends (with the help of machine learning to identify main features and make predictions).This intelligence is then used in business to make informed and calculated decisions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The amount of traveling decreased up to 90% in California due to stay-at-home orders.

    “For example, the amount of traveling decreased up to 90% in California due to stay-at-home orders (Schilling 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Schilling 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Organizational, management, and information technology scholars have an important role to play in addressing the climate change crisis.

    “Despite the rich body of literature on the corporation's initiative towards mitigating the carbon emissions problem (Banerjee, 2001;Wright & Nyberg, 2017), organizational/ management/ information technology scholars have an important role to play particularly in addressing the climate change crisis.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Substituting traditional currencies with bitcoins in the monetary system would be too expensive in energy consumption and thus could not be sustainable.

    “For instance, in this historical moment, the substitution of traditional currencies with bitcoins in our monetary system would be too expensive in energy consumption, and thus it could not be sustainable.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Loeser (2013) lists a variety of different contexts for green IS initiatives.

    “Loeser (2013) takes a more concrete approach and lists a variety of different contexts for green IS initiatives.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Loeser (2013)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    IM/IT/IS systems can be the sources and the solution of energy consumption and dispersion.

    “Thus, the IM/IT/IS systems can be the sources and the solution of energy consumption and dispersion.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Organizations in pursuit of their economic gains have in the past lobbied against carbon emissions initiatives and further delayed constructive action.

    “Wright and Nyberg (2017) argue that the organizations in pursuit of their economic gains have in the past lobbied against carbon emissions initiatives and further delayed constructive action.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wright and Nyberg (2017) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning tools turned out to be quite efficient in conveying learning contexts to distant learners, although some learning-related difficulties were identified.

    “For example during the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning tools have turned out to be quite efficient in conveying learning contexts to distant learners, although some learning-related difficulties have been identified (Chen & Roldan, 2021;Xie, Siau, & Nah, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Chen & Roldan, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Xie, Siau, & Nah, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The negative effects of climate change have attracted significant attention from world leaders, industry, media, and policymakers.

    “The negative effects of climate change have attracted significant attention from the world's top leaders, industry, media, and policymakers (Banerjee, 2001;Kolk & Pinkse, 2008;Mees, Uittenbroek, Hegger, & Driessen, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Banerjee, 2001 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Kolk & Pinkse, 2008

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Mees, Uittenbroek, Hegger, & Driessen, 2019

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report in 2018 made the science very clear.

    “The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report in 2018 made the science very clear.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites IPCC report in 2018

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    This change has been possible due to the role of emerging technologies.

    “This change has been possible due to the role of emerging technologies, (Dwivedi et al., 2020;Pan & Zhang, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Dwivedi et al., 2020 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Pan & Zhang, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In the last two years, there is some evidence of improvement in the quality of air and water, and the environment looks greener and cleaner than it used to be.

    “In the last two years, there is some evidence of an improvement in the quality of air, water and the environment looks greener and cleaner than it used to be (Everard et al., 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Everard et al., 2021 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    These results were fully supported by the IPCC science report (2021).

    “These results were fully supported by the IPCC science report (2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites IPCC science report (2021)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    At the same time, air quality improved significantly.

    “At the same time, air quality improved significantly (Eregowda, Chatterjee, & Pawar, 2021).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Eregowda, Chatterjee, & Pawar, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Wang X. (2015) and Wang Y. (2015)'s literature review poses a set of research questions aiming to understand green IS initiatives.

    “Wang X. (2015), Wang Y. (2015)'s meritorious literature review parallels these and poses a set of research questions, all aiming to understand the green IS initiatives.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Wang X. (2015)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Wang Y. (2015)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Every corporation wants to be green and practice sustainability even if the reality of the image is most often an illusion or just a fashion.

    “Every corporation wants to be green and practice sustainability even if the reality of the image is most often an illusion or just a fashion (Jevnaker & Olaisen, 2021a, 2021b).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Jevnaker & Olaisen, 2021a, 2021b

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    O'Dwyer and Malone (2014) stated that the energy consumption of the Bitcoin mining network is comparable with Ireland's electricity consumption.

    “O'Dwyer and Malone (2014) stated that the energy consumption of the Bitcoin mining network is comparable with the Ireland electricity consumption.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites O'Dwyer and Malone (2014)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Online activities have been reported to increase loneliness, disconnectivity, distraction, mental problems, and increased workload.

    “Online activities have been reported to increase loneliness, disconnectivity with fellow students and teachers, distraction, mental problems, and increased workload (Maqableh & Alia, 2021;Pan & Zhang, 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Maqableh & Alia, 2021

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Pan & Zhang, 2020

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Esfahani, Rahman, and Zakaria (2015) and Singh and Sahu (2020) summarized green IS studies focusing on benefits, adoption, design and implementation, or initiation of green IS projects.

    “For example, Esfahani, Rahman, and Zakaria (2015) and Singh and Sahu (2020) summarized the green IS studies focusing on the benefits, adoption, design and implementation, or initiation of green IS projects.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Esfahani, Rahman, and Zakaria (2015)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Singh and Sahu (2020)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Human influence on climate systems is clear and growing.

    “These are clear indications that human influence on climate systems is clear and growing (Wright & Nyberg, 2017).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wright & Nyberg, 2017 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The positive regional effects during COVID-19 could be explained by a change in behaviors during lockdown that reduced human activities such as transportation, irresponsible consumption, production, and industrial activities.

    “This could be easily explained by a change in behaviors during lockdown that has reduced human activities such as transportation, irresponsible consumption, production, and industrial activities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Many scholars have found positive effects from emerging technologies on environmental sustainability, including big data and predictive analytics capability, blockchain technology, AI, and cloud computing enabled supply chain design.

    “Many scholars have found positive effects from emerging technologies on environmental sustainability: big data and predictive analytics capability (Dubey et al., 2019), blockchain technology (Saberi, Kouhizadeh, Sarkis, & Shen, 2019), AI (Nishant et al., 2020), and cloud computing enabled supply chain design (Shee, Miah, Fairfield, & Pujawan, 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Dubey et al., 2019 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Saberi, Kouhizadeh, Sarkis, & Shen, 2019 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Nishant et al., 2020 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    In practice, environmental issues and ICT are approached either sporadically with a narrow view and disconnected contexts, or indirectly in the context of economic growth and prosperity.

    “This means that, in practice, environmental issues and ICT are approached either sporadically with a narrow view and disconnected contexts, or indirectly in the context of economic growth and prosperity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    AI will improve environmental governance, safety and environmental risk reduction while focusing on information management for decision making.

    “| 11 | AI will improve environmental | Nishant, Kennedy, and Corbett |”
    • Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
      “| | governance, safety and environmental | (2020) |”
    • Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
      “| | risk reduction while focusing on | |”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nishant, Kennedy, and Corbett (2020) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Education is a key component of the transition to net zero, and ensuring all stakeholders have the necessary knowledge to engender changes in behavior is a key component of the transition.

    “It is clear from the submitted articles that education is a key component of the transition to net zero and ensuring that all stakeholders (industry and individuals) have the necessary knowledge to engender changes in behavior, is a key component of the transition.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The use of technology and IS is an integral component of many proposed mitigation measures as governments and societies transition to net zero.

    “The use of technology and IS is an integral component of many of the proposed mitigation measures, as governments and societies around the world take the necessary steps in transitioning to net zero.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The literature has posited that technology, via extensive use of IS systems and remote sensing devices, provides necessary data to scientists and decision makers at a global level for monitoring and governance of climate change progression.

    “The literature has posited the role of technology in the monitoring and governance of climate change progression, via the extensive use of IS systems and remote sensing devices to provide the necessary data to scientists and decision makers at a global level (Bunker, 2020;Nüttgens et al., 2011).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Bunker, 2020 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Nüttgens et al., 2011

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A review of Green IS focuses on themes including energy-efficient computing, power management, data center design layout and location management, server virtualization, and responsible disposal and recycling.

    “| 12 | Review of Green IS focuses on themes | Singh and Sahu (2020) |”
    • Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
      “| | like energy-efficient computing, | |”
    • Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
      “| | power management, data center | |”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Singh and Sahu (2020)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Collaboration ICTs and video conferencing systems reduce travel and indirectly save environmental pollution from vehicular emissions.

    “| 8 | Collaboration ICTs and video | Galanti, Guidetti, Mazzei, Zappalà, |”
    • Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
      “| | conferencing systems reduce travel | and Toscano (2021), Richter (2020) |”
    • Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
      “| | and indirectly save environmental | |”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Galanti, Guidetti, Mazzei, Zappalà, and Toscano (2021)

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Richter (2020) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The IPCC reports (2018, 2021) mention five areas: Food and ecology, Sustainable cities, Energy and material, Health and wellbeing, Transportation.

    “The IPCC reports (2018,2021) have mentioned five areas: Food and ecology, Sustainable cities, Energy and material, Health and wellbeing, Transportation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites IPCC reports (2018,2021)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    A very small percentage of studies in the current IS literature actually investigated climate issues.

    “The article from Professor Olaisen critiqued the current IS literature, finding that a very small percentage of studies actually investigated climate issues, asserting the need for researchers to start to ask the necessary research questions, on key aspects of the environmental and sustainability issues.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Olaisen

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Very few studies within the IS research discourse viewed the major challenges from the environmental perspective or included the environment as a key stakeholder.

    “The expert input by Professor Davison illustrates these points specifically, highlighting the study by Clarke and Davison (2020), where the study asserts that very few studies within the IS research discourse, viewed the major challenges from the environmental perspective or included the environment as a key stakeholder.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Clarke and Davison (2020)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Through verification and falsification, research is expected to come up with theories, paradigms, and perspectives that explain and explore practices, giving empirical, critical, or constructed research.

    “Through verification and falsification (Popper, 1974), research is expected to come up with theories, paradigms, perspectives (Kuhn, 1962) that explains and explores practices that we may evaluate, giving us either empirical research or critical research (what is acceptable/not acceptable) or constructed research (what is adequate and what is not adequate).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Popper, 1974

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Kuhn, 1962

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Jevnaker and Olaisen (2021a, 2021b) found that nearly all papers might be classified as empirical and as a form of clarified subjectivity papers in harmony with accepted problems, methodology, and knowledge.

    “Jevnaker andOlaisen (2021a, 2021b) found that nearly all papers might be classified as empirical and as a form of clarified subjectivity papers in harmony with accepted problems, methodology, and knowledge.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Jevnaker andOlaisen (2021a, 2021b)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    IT/IS/IM/KM are mentioned as essential for all the five IPCC areas.

    “IT/IS/IM/KM are mentioned as essential for all these areas, and there is a need for developing the areas into issues for journals and conferences.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites IPCC reports (2018,2021)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Universities may introduce Green IT in their curriculum to make larger impacts through sensitization of future employees towards Green IT initiatives.

    “| 5 | Universities may introduce Green IT in | Marques, Bachega, and Tavares |”
    • Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
      “| | their curriculum for making larger | (2019) |”
    • Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
      “| | impacts through sensitization of future | |”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Marques, Bachega, and Tavares (2019)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    In 2019, 50 million tonnes of e-waste was produced, with only 20% being dealt with sustainably and the rest ending up as landfill.

    “The expert input by Professor Metri cites the 2019 UN and WEF reports that 50 million tonnes of e-waste was produced in that year, with only 20% being dealt with sustainably and the rest ending up as landfill.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites 2019 UN and WEF reports

      Not checked in the free run.

211 of 211

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There exists a limited contribution from a wider and more informed multiple perspective context.

    “there exists a limited contribution from a wider and more informed multiple perspective context.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Reduction of carbon based energy consumption directly leads to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

    “Reduction of carbon based energy consumption directly leads to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The transition toward net zero requires significant changes at a societal and industrial level.

    “The transition toward net zero requires significant changes at a societal and industrial level”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Companies like Apple systematically discourage self-repair or repair at affordable prices, pushing replacement.

    “Companies like Apple are systematically discouraging self-repairs or repair at affordable prices thus pushing for replacement.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Much e-waste contains concentrated amounts of potentially harmful products.

    “Much e-waste contains concentrated amounts of potentially harmful products, and this shows little sign of abating.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Bitcoin alone has a carbon footprint of 34.73 Mt CO2, consumes 73.12 TWh of electrical energy, and produces 10.95 kt of e-waste at the start of 2020.

    “Currently at the start of 2020, Bitcoin alone has a carbon footprint of 34.73 Mt CO2 (equivalent to the carbon footprint of Denmark), it consumes 73.12 TWh of electrical energy (comparable to the power consumption of Austria), and it produces 10.95 kt of e-waste (equivalent to that of Luxembourg).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There is a severe lack of awareness around climate change and how it connects to digitalization and technology transformations.

    “There is a severe lack of awareness around the topics of climate change and how it connects to digitalization and technology transformations.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Courses discussing the flip side of these technologies in the context of climate change and sustainability are scarce.

    “However, courses discussing the flip side of these technologies in the context of climate change and sustainability are scarce.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Climate change is an existential threat facing humanity today.

    “Climate change is an existential threat facing humanity today.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Data flow has its own carbon footprint and the proliferation of data can lead to redundant data.

    “As data increasingly flows through the digital economy, data flow has its own carbon footprint and the proliferation of data can lead to redundant data.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    AI/ML and other exponential technologies have their own carbon footprint that cannot be ignored.

    “As our society increasingly uses AI/ML and other exponential technologies, their own carbon footprint cannot be ignored.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IS research has generally not focused on issues relating to biodiversity.

    “IS research has generally not focused on issues relating to biodiversity.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The rollout of 5G will multiply by 100 the traffic capacity offered by 4G and will in turn increase the volumes of exchanged data.

    “The rollout of 5 G will multiply by 100 the traffic capacity offered by 4 G and will in turn increase the volumes of exchanged data.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IT and its applications have made business processes efficient, but the rapid growth of technology and its applications has also negatively impacted the environment.

    “IT and its applications have made business processes efficient, but the rapid growth of technology and its applications has also negatively impacted the environment.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Logistics and supply chain processes used by the IT sector cause hazardous air emissions and greenhouse gas emissions.

    “Logistics and supply chain processes used by the IT sector cause hazardous air emissions and greenhouse gas emissions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IT products have an impact on the environment even during the 'use' stage of their life cycle.

    “IT products have an impact on the environment even during the 'use' stage of their life cycle.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The energy consumed by the product, the lifetime of the product, the heat dissipated and the digital frequency noise have a negative impact on the environment.

    “The energy consumed by the product, the lifetime of the product, the heat dissipated and the digital frequency noise have a negative impact on the environment.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In several developing nations the practice of disposing IT waste in landfills is the most popular disposal method, which has a colossal negative impact on the environment.

    “In several developing nations the practise of disposing IT waste in landfills is the most popular disposal method, which has a colossal negative impact on the environment.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Application of IT can immensely help in managing climate change.

    “Application of IT can immensely help in managing climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Use of IT while developing smart cities can help reduce annual global greenhouse gas emissions.

    “Use of IT while developing smart cities can help reduce annual global greenhouse gas emissions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Smart energy meters and smart electric systems help in managing climate change by optimal use of energy consumption.

    “For example, smart energy meters and smart electric systems help in managing climate change by optimal use of energy consumption.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Smart electric grid management helps in reducing losses.

    “This in turn can also help in smart electric grid management which helps in reducing the losses.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IoT can make the supply chain smart and agile and hence can help in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.

    “The Internet of Things (IoT) can make the supply chain smart and agile and hence can help in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Internet and Internet technologies can help in monitoring the environment to reduce energy use in real time.

    “Internet and Internet technologies can also help in monitoring the environment to reduce energy use in real time.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IT and IoT are vital in confronting climate change problems and help in managing the threats posed by climate change.

    “Information Technology and Internet of Things (IoT) are vital in confronting climate change problems and help in managing the threats posed by climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IT and IoT are part of the solution as their applications are being used to cut greenhouse gas emissions and they help countries manage climate change.

    “IT and IoT are part of the solution as their applications are being used to cut greenhouse gas emissions and they help countries manage climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IT and IoT are needed for precipitous transfer of information concerning risks of climate change.

    “IT and IoT are needed for precipitous transfer of information concerning risks of climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Education is vital in enabling people to understand the impact of climate change on life on this planet.

    “Education is vital in enabling people to understand the impact of climate change on life on this planet.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Educating and creating awareness can help to change the attitude and behavior of people.

    “Educating and creating awareness can help to change the attitude and behavior of people.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Education alone can help in ensuring that people start adopting a sustainable lifestyle and also develop skills that can help in managing climate change.

    “Education alone can help in ensuring that people start adopting a sustainable lifestyle and also develop skills that can help in managing climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Education can inspire people to change their attitudes and behavior, and helps them to make informed decisions which can have an impact on climate change.

    “Education can not only inspire people to change their attitudes and behavior, but also helps them to make informed decisions which can have an impact on climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Heavy use of electronic devices presents concerns when it comes to resource use, energy use, carbon footprint and waste.

    “The heavy use of these devices present concerns when it comes to resource use, energy use, carbon footprint and waste.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The negative impact of the IT sector on the environment can be traced right from the manufacturing of devices as a large proportion of materials come from finite natural resources and precious metals.

    “The negative impact of the IT sector on the environment could well be traced right from the manufacturing of these devices as a large proportion of materials come from finite natural resources and precious metals.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Manufacturing of these equipment requires massive energy to convert them into complex and sophisticated technological products.

    “Similarly, manufacturing of these equipment requires massive energy to convert them into complex and sophisticated technological products.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Transportation of finished products comes with a high carbon cost.

    “Subsequently, the transportation of these finished products also comes with a high carbon cost.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Massive servers and data warehouses that enable these technologies to work consume a vast amount of energy.

    “Finally, massive servers and data warehouses that enable these technologies to work also consume a vast amount of energy and this threat does not stop there.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Technological developments, particularly the discovery of use of fossil fuels, have contributed to climate change.

    “Technological developmentsparticularly the discovery of use of fossil fuels, have contributed to climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Rising temperatures are essentially blamed by scientists for human-generated gases (primarily CO2), concentrations of which have been enhanced by almost 50% since the industrial revolution started.

    “Rising temperatures are essentially blamed by scientists for human-generated gases (primarily CO 2 ), concentrations of which have been enhanced by almost 50% since the industrial revolution started.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Innovations such as carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies are being used to reduce CO2.

    “Innovations such as carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies are being used to reduce CO 2 .”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Technological innovations to support remote working have been swiftly embraced as businesses endeavored to manage the effect of Covid-19.

    “The technological innovations to support remote working has been swiftly embraced as businesses endeavored to manage the effect of Covid-19.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Greater use of data centers and cloud computing services by leading technology giants including Amazon, Google and Microsoft are an example of energy efficient services.

    “Greater use of data centers and cloud computing services by some of the leading technology giants including Amazon, Google and Microsoft are also an example of energy efficient services.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Information technology education could be a key component of raising awareness of climate change mitigation and adaptation.

    “Information technology education could be a key component of raising awareness of climate change mitigation and adaptation.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Human actions, notably decisions concerning technology and information systems, increasingly impact biodiversity.

    “Human actions, notably decisions concerning technology and information systems, increasingly impact biodiversity.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    It is often difficult to quantify the costs of externalities given the reach of an incident and the extent of its irreversible impact.

    “It is often difficult to quantify these costs given the reach of an incident, and the extent of its irreversible impact.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    These impacts include the ocean and its fisheries and clean drinking water, amongst others, leaving individuals and communities vulnerable, potentially compromising their health and wellbeing.

    “These include the ocean and its fisheries and clean drinking water, amongst others, leaving individuals and communities vulnerable, potentially compromising their health and wellbeing.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    These undesirable impacts extend to the natural system and environment.

    “Furthermore, these undesirable impacts extend to the natural system and environment.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The proposed model suggests that global challenges and significant problems require a transdisciplinary lens, beyond a multi-level perspective, in which design interventions are required in the form of sustainability transitions.

    “The proposed model suggests that our global challenges and significant problems require a transdisciplinary lens, beyond a multi-level perspective, in which design interventions are required in the form of sustainability transitions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The subsequent and corresponding phase in operationalising the proposed Socio-Technical Sustainability Design Cycle relates to the elimination of disciplinary silos in higher education institutions, that have existed since scientific endeavor was acknowledged as the foundation of the Age of Enlightenment.

    “The subsequent and corresponding phase in operationalising the proposed Socio-Technical Sustainability Design Cycle relates to the elimination of disciplinary silos in higher education institutions, that have existed since scientific endeavor was acknowledged as the foundation of the Age of Enlightenment.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The transition to transdisciplinarity, even interdisciplinarity, remains fraught with risk principally with respect to forming meaningful ties between Computing, Informatics, Business (including Information Systems) and Engineering schools in addition to other non-STEM domains of knowledge.

    “The transition to transdisciplinarity, even interdisciplinarity, remains fraught with risk principally with respect to forming meaningful ties between Computing, Informatics, Business (including Information Systems) and Engineering schools in addition to other non-STEM domains of knowledge.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of solidarity toward collective action, harnessing knowledge produced from both professional expertise/practice and lived experience.

    “However, irrespective of the inevitable difficulties, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of solidarity toward collective action, harnessing the knowledge produced from both professional expertise/practice and the lived experience.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The IS discipline is in a prime position to offer information and knowledge management expertise to support transdisciplinarity.

    “The IS discipline is in a prime position to offer information and knowledge management expertise to support transdisciplinarity, and it is our obligation to actively implement sustainability transitions and responsible systems design (Monson, 2021),IS research (Pan & Zhang, 2020) and innovation (Stilgoe, Owen, & Macnaghten, 2013) in the interest of sustainable futures (Hadorn, Bradley, Pohl, Rist,”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IT technology is being incorporated into a variety of advanced devices and contributing directly and indirectly to the reduction of CO2 emissions.

    “IT technology is being incorporated into a variety of advanced devices and contributing directly and indirectly to the reduction of CO2 emissions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IT innovation is driving energy-efficient manufacturing by promoting energy-saving investments and measures.

    “IT innovation is driving energy-efficient manufacturing by promoting energy-saving investments and measures.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Existing studies in the IM/IT/IS fields have shed little light on the details of the theoretical concepts and practical processes of global IT community formation.

    “However, existing studies in the IM/IT/IS fields have shed little light on the details of the theoretical concepts and practical processes of global IT community formation.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There is very little accumulated research on IT collaboration.

    “Furthermore, there is very little accumulated research on IT collaboration.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The technological footprint of companies and individuals has exacerbated the environmental problem since technologies are mainly reliant on fossil fuel, thus the more technology used, the more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, creating global warming.

    “The technological footprint of companies and individuals has exacerbated this problem since technologies are mainly reliant on fossil fuel, thus the more technology used, the more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, creating global warming.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The privacy of personal data and information is causing much concern and therefore acts and regulations are important in the context of a Smart City.

    “The privacy of personal data and information is causing much concern and therefore acts and regulations are important in the context of a Smart City.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The lack of skills lies in the areas of IT/IS and Computer Science graduates in general, but in particular with regard to Data Science, AI and machine learning competencies.

    “The lack of skills lies in the areas of IT/IS and Computer Science graduates in general, but in particular with regard to Data Science, AI and machine learning competencies.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Reported empirical studies on IS for meeting the SDGs are still considerably low, particularly with regard to sustainable management of water and sanitation (SDG 6); access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all (SDG 7); and conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and sustainable behavior (SDG 14).

    “However, reported empirical studies on IS for meeting the SDGs are still considerably low, particularly with regard to sustainable management of water and sanitation (SDG 6); access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all (SDG 7); and conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and sustainable behavior (SDG 14).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In Africa and other developing countries these three SDGs are far from being met, where access to clean water and energy are major problems for the vast majority of the population.

    “In Africa and other developing countries these three SDGs are far from being met, where access to clean water and energy are major problems for the vast majority of the population.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The postcolonial condition is perpetuated largely through multinational corporations and global agencies.

    “The postcolonial condition is perpetuated largely through multinational corporations and global agencies.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Global actors, such as large multinational corporations and multilateral agencies (like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund), have a massive and disproportionate effect on world affairs.

    “Global actors, such as large multinational corporations and multilateral agencies (like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund), have a massive and disproportionate effect on world affairs.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Though both men and women suffer the consequences of extreme climate events, it is women who are worse off as national policies do not fully account for them, and relief measures are not easily accessible to them.

    “Though both men and women suffer the consequences of extreme climate events, it is women who are worse off as national policies do not fully account for them, and relief measures are not easily accessible to them.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    When climate change events force populations to migrate, women are worse off as they lose their local social networks, are subject to abuse, and are unable to secure livelihoods on foreign soil.

    “When climate change events force populations to migrate, women are worse off as they lose their local social networks, are subject to abuse, and are unable to secure livelihoods on foreign soil.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Some work has already started on understanding concerns of postcolonial dominance, identifying issues of ordinary people, and understanding the particular challenges faced by women.

    “Some work has already started on understanding concerns of postcolonial dominance, identifying issues of ordinary people, and understanding the particular challenges faced by women.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Two of the most significant global business trends over the past several years have been sustainability and digitization.

    “Two of the most significant global business trends over the past several years have been sustainability and digitization.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    CDR can be regarded as a subset of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), an already established entity in many organizations.

    “CDR can be regarded as a subset of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), an already established entity in many organizations.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Many organizational processes, practices, and projects exist to address digital aspects of social, economic, and environmental responsibility.

    “Many organizational processes, practices, and projects exist to address digital aspects of social, economic, and environmental responsibility.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Yet, they are rarely coordinated or optimized.

    “Yet, they are rarely coordinated or optimized.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The clean paperless image has been carefully cultivated, and it distorts the assessment of environmental impacts in one direction, in favor of further digitalization.

    “Indeed, by many accounts, the clean paperless image has been carefully cultivated, and it distorts the assessment of environmental impacts in one direction, in favor of further digitalization.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Digital transformation has been accelerated in various governmental and business sectors.

    “Digital transformation has been accelerated in various governmental and business sectors”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    While there is broad support for developing green energy, many localities vehemently oppose constructing windmills in their areas.

    “While there is a broad support for developing green energy, many localities vehemently oppose constructing windmills in their areas.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Information technologies require energy at every stage of their life-cycle and contribute to the carbon footprint.

    “Information technologies require energy at every stage of its life-cycle and contribute to the carbon footprint.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IT is also helping reduce net carbon emissions in various industry sectors.

    “However, IT is also helping reduce net carbon emissions in various industry sectors.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Artificial intelligence and robotics are being utilized for automated detection and monitoring of environmental hazards, remote sensing to track deforestation and marine life, monitoring biodiversity, traffic flow optimization, estimating real-time precipitations, and managing flood risks and emergency planning.

    “For example, artificial intelligence and robotics are being utilized for automated detection and monitoring of environmental hazards, remote sensing to track deforestation activities and marine life, monitoring biodiversity, traffic flow optimization, estimating real-time precipitations, and managing flood risks and emergency planning.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Increasing occurrences of extreme weather events are affecting food production and distribution globally.

    “Increasing occurrences of extreme weather events are affecting food production and distribution globally.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Advancements in information technology utilizing multi-source spatial and temporal data, robotics, drones, IoT, etc., are being explored in the agriculture and transport industry.

    “Advancements in information technology utilizing multi-source spatial and temporal data, robotics, drones, Internet-of-Things (IoT), etc., are being explored in the agriculture and transport industry.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Precision agriculture technology is an environmentally sustainable strategy for optimizing water input, weed control, disease eradication, pest reduction, and yield enhancement to avert water and food insecurity and optimize the food production chain.

    “For example, precision agriculture technology is an environmentally sustainable strategy for optimizing water input, weed control, disease eradication, pest reduction, and yield enhancement to avert water and food insecurity and optimize the food production chain.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Data centers are the backbone for managing big data, cloud computing, AI, blockchain, and IoT.

    “Data centers are the backbone for managing big data, cloud computing, AI, blockchain, and IoT.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Data centers have massive power consumption needs contributing to climate change.

    “They also have massive power consumption needs contributing to climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Researchers and innovators are exploring novel technologies such as liquid cooling that improve heat-dissipation efficiency and reduce their impact on the environment to reduce the carbon footprint of data centers and other IT infrastructure.

    “Researchers and innovators are exploring novel technologies such as liquid cooling that improve heat-dissipation efficiency and reduce their impact on the environment to reduce the carbon footprint of data centers and other IT infrastructure.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Institutions offering information systems and related programs are beginning to incorporate pedagogical practices in their curriculum that engage students to reflect on organizations' sustainable and responsible technology adoption and use practices.

    “Institutions offering information systems and related programs are beginning to incorporate pedagogical practices in their curriculum that engage students to reflect on organizations' sustainable and responsible technology adoption and use practices.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Several universities are forming coalitions committed to climate action, such as the University Climate Change Coalition, to leverage scientific knowledge and expertise for climate change solutions.

    “Several universities are forming coalitions committed to climate action, such as the University Climate Change Coalition, to leverage scientific knowledge and expertise for climate change solutions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Universities are offering programs that emphasize environmental justice and equity, such as responsible business MBA and hospitality and sustainable management.

    “In addition, universities are offering programs that emphasize environmental justice and equity, such as responsible business MBA and hospitality and sustainable management.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Estimates for carbon dioxide levels in 2021 are at 417 parts per million.

    “The estimates for carbon dioxide levels in the year 2021 are at 417 parts per million.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    IS research on information governance has mainly focussed on big data analytics and organizational innovation for formal IS.

    “IS research on information governance, however, has mainly focussed on big data analytics and organizational innovation for formal IS.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The use of solar energy has become increasingly popular today as it is a renewable source of energy.

    “The use of Solar energy has become increasingly popular today as it is a renewable source of energy.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Climate change significantly affects coral reefs, which are important for the ecosystem as they provide food and shelter for their inhabitants.

    “Climate change also significantly affects coral reefs that are important for the ecosystem as they provide food and shelter for their inhabitants.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Thermal stress due to warming of the ocean could cause infectious diseases, while frequent intense storms could lead to destruction of reefs.

    “Thermal stress due to the warming of the ocean could cause infectious diseases, while frequent intense storms could lead to the destruction of the reefs.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    A rise in sea levels could lead to sedimentation, whose runoff can destroy corals, while fluctuations in precipitation lead to an increase in runoff that could make water murky and restrict light.

    “A rise in sea levels could lead to sedimentation, whose runoff can destroy the corals, while fluctuations in precipitation lead to an increase in runoff that could make the water murky and restrict the light.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    These advantages are very beneficial for governance, and the government has collaborated with the IT industry in developing and launching schemes that help alleviate the environmental conditions.

    “These advantages are very beneficial for governance, and the government has collaborated with the IT industry in developing and launching schemes that help alleviate the environmental conditions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Digital services, platforms, and infrastructures consume significant amounts of electricity globally.

    “Digital services, platforms, and infrastructures consume significant amounts of electricity globally.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Upgrading video from HD to 4-8K quality affects the energy consumption of devices such as smartphones and tablets used to watch the videos.

    “Moreover, the upgrade from HD to 4-8 K quality in video has an effect on the energy consumption of the devices such as smartphones and tables used to watch the videos.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The volumes of data created, transmitted, and stored have skyrocketed, and the volumes of digital waste have surged.

    “As the volumes of data being created, transmitted, and stored have skyrocketed also the volumes of 'digital waste', i.e. unused digital content, have surged.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    A static website stored on the server and updated on a 12-hour or 24-hour interval is considerably more power efficient.

    “A static website that is stored on the server and updated on a 12-hour or 24-hour interval is considerably more power efficient.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The effectiveness and impact of technological tools depends on their successful implementation as well as adoption and use by users.

    “The effectiveness and impact of technological tools is dependent on their successful implementation as well as adoption and use by the users.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Sharing economy at scale is typically executed through digital platforms.

    “Sharing economy at scale is typically executed through digital platforms.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Industry leaders are increasingly in consensus that they need to prioritize how they mitigate and adapt to climate change, as well as reduce emissions.

    “Industry leaders are increasingly in consensus that they need to prioritize how they mitigate and adapt to climate change, as well as reduce emissions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Critical to tackling climate change in the built environment will be the use of Information Management.

    “Critical to tackling climate change in the built environment will be the use of Information Management.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Effective information management enables reductions in waste, time, and cost, more efficient use of resources, improved design and safety, and increased infrastructure resilience, all essential for reducing carbon emissions from the built environment.

    “At each of these stages, data is collected that informs better decision making, enabling reductions in waste, time and cost, more efficient use of resources, improved design and safety and increased infrastructure resilienceall essential for reducing carbon emissions from our built environment and serving those it was intended for.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The information management, information technology, and information systems sectors highly depend on computers, sensors, and a wide variety of physical and electronic devices.

    “The information management, information technology, and information systems sectors highly depend on computers, sensors, and a wide variety of physical and electronic devices.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The production and use of computers, sensors, storage devices, and other electronic devices require a tremendous amount of energy, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and causing harm to the environment.

    “However, the production and use of computers, sensors, storage devices, and other electronic devices require a tremendous amount of energy, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and causing harm to the environment.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Data center cooling systems consume a lot of energy.

    “Such cooling systems consume a lot of energy.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Information technology has great potential to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, transportation systems, manufacturing, supply chains, power grids, infrastructure, and agriculture, enabling sustainable solutions for energy consumption and usage.

    “Information technology has great potential to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, transportation systems, manufacturing, supply chains, power grids, infrastructure, and agriculture, enabling sustainable solutions for energy consumption and usage.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Low-cost IoT sensors and devices have been used to reduce energy consumption and achieve long-term cost savings by tailoring climate control according to real-time needs and lifestyle.

    “Low-cost internet of things (IoT) sensors and devices (e.g., smart thermostats, smart humidifiers, smart air purifier, smart air conditioner, smart fans, smart blinds, and so on) have been used to reduce energy consumption and achieve long term cost savings by tailoring climate-control according to real-time needs and lifestyle of people and their schedule (either in the building or away).”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Teleconferencing, telemedicine, ecommerce, and e-learning technologies are playing a role in reducing unnecessary travel and thus reducing total emissions into the environment.

    “Teleconferencing, telemedicine, ecommerce, and e-learning technologies are playing a role in reducing unnecessary travel and thus reducing total emissions into the environment.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Big data analysis and visualization can help individuals, organizations, and communities track electricity consumption patterns, identify energy leaks, improve energy use efficiency, and conserve energy.

    “Big data analysis and visualization can be leveraged to unlock insights that will help individuals, organizations and communities track electricity consumption patterns, identify energy leaks, improve energy use efficiency, and find creative ways to conserve energy and adapt to climate change faster and better.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    When students are asked to use technology tools to explore specific climate change issues and datasets relevant to their local communities, they are more likely to become interested and engage in active learning.

    “When students are asked to use technology tools to explore specific climate change issues and datasets of interest or relevance to their local communities, they are more likely to become interested and engage in active learning for systems thinking, complex problem-solving, creativity, and evidence-informed decision-making.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Finnish strategy's areas, objectives, and measures are evidently impactful on climate change.

    “These areas and objectives, and their measures are evidently impactful on climate change.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    People have learned new ways of working, learning, and living without a need to travel to work, school, or anywhere.

    “People have learned new ways of working, learning, and living, without a need to travel to work, school, or anywhere.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    A contextual approach becomes problematic with the interconnectivity of systems and the systems of systems.

    “Contextual approach becomes problematic with the interconnectivity of systems and the systems of systems.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The climate crisis is the largest threat to civilization we have ever faced.

    “The climate crisis is the largest threat to civilization we have ever faced.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    We are building our living standards upon coal, gas, and oil, few of us want to change our lives, and new global generations are coming that want our living standards.

    “We are building our living standards upon coal, gas, and oil, and few of us want to change our lives, and new global generations are coming that want our living standards.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    All research consists of problem, knowledge, and methodology sentences.

    “All research consists of problem, knowledge, and methodology sentences.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Research deals with four paradigms: the empirical, the materialistic (political), clarified subjectivity, and action papers.

    “Research deals with four paradigms: the empirical, the materialistic (political), clarified subjectivity, and action papers.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The cost and climate impact of blockchain are strictly related to its diffusion.

    “The cost and climate impact of blockchain are strictly related to its diffusion.”
116 of 116

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • At present, the world has not yet limited global warming to 1.5 °C.

    “At present, the world has not yet limited global warming to 1.5 °C (Arasaradnam and Hillman 2022; COP26 2021; Dwivedi et al. 2022).”

    From Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review (2022) · cites this paper as Dwivedi et al. 2022

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Two different articles are assigned the same DOI

    Minor

    The references assign DOI 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102449 to both the Brooks et al. article on climate-engineering ethics and the Laukkanen et al. article on virtual technologies. A DOI uniquely identifies an article, so these entries cannot both be correct.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 28

  1. Amos, 2020, The negative impact of technology on the environment, Culture, Science and Tech Efficiency
  2. Backhouse, 2015, Smart city agendas of African cities, Proceedings of the African Conference on Information Systems and Technology (ACIST), 2015, 7
  3. Campbell, 2021, South Korean ISP SK Broadband sues Netflix for millions in bandwidth usage fees, The Verge
  4. Carroll, A. and Heiser, G. (2010) An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone, USENIXATC’10: Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference, June, 2010, p. 21.
  5. CBECI (Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index), 2021. Accessed on 1st November 2021. 〈https://cbeci.org/index〉.
  6. COP26, 2021, COP26 Goals
  7. Coroama, V., & Mattern, F. (2019). Digital Rebound – Why Digitalization Will Not Redeem Us Our Environmental Sins, The 6th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability.
  8. David, 2017, Spaceflight pollution, Space com
  9. de Corbière F., Takeda H., Habib J., Rowe F., & Thiel D. (2016). A simulation approach for analyzing the influence of information quality on the deployment of a green supply chain, European Conference on Information Systems, Istanbul.
  10. Gerson, 2020, Gold rush, mercury legacy: Small-scale mining for gold has produced long-lasting toxic pollution, from 1860s California to modern Peru, The Conversation
  11. Howes, 2020, Greening government: ICT and digital services strategy 2020-2025, Department of Environment, Food, and Rural affairs, United Kingdom
  12. Jevnaker, 2021, Leadership for sustainability. The impact of sustainable imaginative work, Scientific Proceedings of ECMLG, 202
  13. Jevnaker, 2021, Making knowledge management research scientific, Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management
  14. Mercator, 2021, At least 85 percent of world’s population impacted by climate change, Joint Press Release of MCC and Climate Analytics
  15. Michael, K., & Abbas, R. (2020). Public Interest Technology. Proceedings presented at the ISTAS20: International Symposium on Technology and Society, Tempe, Arizona, 12–15 November 2020.
  16. Murugesan, 2021, Making Information Tech Greener Can Help Address the Climate Crisis, IEEE Spectrum
  17. Naujok, 2018, Digital technology and sustainability: Positive mutual reinforcement, Energy and Sustainability
  18. Oberhaus, 2019, Amazon, Google, Microsoft: Here’s Who Has the Greenest Cloud, Wired
  19. Ritthof, 2002, Calculating MIPS Resource productivity of products and services, Wuppertal Institute for climate, environment, Energy, 52
  20. Robertson, 2021, AI and climate change, Innovators
  21. Sarker, 2005, Myths about online education: a preliminary examination, Informing Science Journal, 8, 55
  22. Shaftel, 2021, Climate Change: How Do We Know?, NASA
  23. Tan, 2021, Information Systems and Sustainable Development: Call for Papers for a Special Issue, Information Systems Journal
  24. Trist, 1981, Vol. 2
  25. UN report (2019) Time to seize opportunity, tackle challenge of e-waste, 〈https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/un-report-time-seize-opportunity-tackle-challenge-e-waste〉 Accessed on Oct. 20, 2021.
  26. Wade, 2016, Tesla’s electric cars aren’t as green as you might think, Wired
  27. Wade, 2020, Corporate digital responsibility in a digital era, Mitosz Sloan Management Review
  28. Whyte, 2020, Too late for indigenous climate justice: Ecological and relational tipping points. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews, Climate Change, 11

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Authors
Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Kar, A. K., Baabdullah, A. M., Grover, P., Abbas, R., Andreini, D., Abumoghli, I., Barlette, Y., Bunker, D., Chandra Kruse, L., Constantiou, I., Davison, R. M., De’, R., Dubey, R., Fenby-Taylor, H., Gupta, B., He, W., Kodama, M., Mäntymäki, M., Metri, B., Michael, K., Olaisen, J., Panteli, N., Pekkola, S., Nishant, R., Raman, R., Rana, N. P., Rowe, F., Sarker, S., Scholtz, B., Sein, M., Shah, J. D., Teo, T. S. H., Tiwari, M. K., Vendelø, M. T., & Wade, M.
Affiliations
  • Symbiosis International University (IN)
  • Swansea University (GB)
  • Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IN)
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
  • International Management Institute (IN)
  • University of Wollongong (AU)
  • University of Bergamo (IT)
  • United Nations Environment Programme (KE)
  • MBS School of Business (FR)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • Copenhagen Business School (DK)
  • City University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • California State University, Monterey Bay (US)
  • Old Dominion University (US)
  • Nihon University (JP)
  • University of Turku (FI)
  • Arizona State University (US)
  • BI Norwegian Business School (NO)
  • Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
  • Tampere University (FI)
  • Université Laval (CA)
  • Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IN)
  • University of Virginia (US)
  • National University of Singapore (SG)
  • International Institute for Management Development (CH)
Corresponding author
Mäntymäki, Matti
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Information Management
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-04
Volume
63
Pages
102456
ISSN
0268-4012 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102456
OpenAlex
W3214625971
Semantic Scholar
27c91a4cbc9f3bbdf8cd162165e778e13342f8d1
Cited by
761
References
274
Citations by year
2026: 103 · 2025: 243 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 162 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 1
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Information Management (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
  • CityU Scholars (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Aisberg (University of Bergamo) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • UTUPub (University of Turku) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Commons - CSUMB (California State University, Monterey Bay) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Nelson Mandela University Research Repository (submittedVersion)
  • Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
  • Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • CBS Research Portal (Copenhagen Business School) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Greater South Information System
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Green IT and Sustainability
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Sustainable Development
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
Keywords
climate change, COP26, digital technologies, information systems, responsible digitalization, electronic waste, net-zero emissions, emission reduction, climate change mitigation, information management

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-10.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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