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Cited by 31Language Development and DisordersHearing Impairment and CommunicationChild and Animal Learning Development

Early gesture, early vocabulary, and risk of language impairment in preschoolers

Hsu, Hui-Chin, Iyer, Suneeti Nathani·2016·Research in Developmental Disabilities
DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.06.012
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Abstract

Background Gesture precedes vocabulary development and may be an early marker of later language impairment. Aims Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, this study examined the contribution of children's (N=1064) early gestures and early vocabularies to their risk of language impairment in preschool years. Methods and procedures At age 15 months, maternal reports on children's use of gestures and vocabulary comprehension and production skills were measured using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. At age 3 and 4.5 years, children's language skills were assessed using the Reynell Developmental Language Scale and Preschool Language Scale-3, respectively. Outcomes and results After controlling for child, maternal, and family sociodemographic factors, children at later risk for language impairment were found to exhibit significantly less early gesture use and vocabulary skills relative to their typically developing peers. Early use of gestures was also significantly correlated with early vocabulary skills. Conclusions and implications The effect of early gesture on children's later risk of language impairment was indirect and mediated by early vocabulary production. Early gesture may have the potential to serve as an early diagnostic tool and play a role in early intervention.

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  • Lower usage of deictic gestures and conventional gestures as well as decreased vocabulary size at 15 months predicted risk for language impairment at 3 and 4.5 years of age.

    “Hsu & Iyer [24] found that lower usage of deictic gestures (pointing, reaching, showing, and giving) and conventional gestures (e.g., finger to lips for “hush”) as well as decreased vocabulary size at 15 months predicted risk for language impairment at 3 and 4.5 years of age.”

    From Tracking Acquisition of Language in Kids (TALK) study protocol: A longitudinal investigation of infants at high vs. low risk for atypical speech and language development (2026) · cites this paper as [24]

  • The longitudinal study by Hsu and Iyer showed a prevalence of DLD in males, children belonging to ethnic minorities, and children born to mothers with low levels of formal education and poor linguistic skills.

    “The longitudinal study by Hsu and Iyer [75] showed a prevalence of DLD in males, children belonging to ethnic minorities, and born to mothers with low levels of formal education and with poor linguistic skills.”

    From Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [75]

  • Expressive but not receptive vocabulary at 15 months, assessed with the MB-CDI, contributed to DLD risk at 3 and 4;6 years and mediated the effects of gesture production at 15 months.

    “As for expressive vocabulary, in Hsu and Iyer [75], expressive (but not receptive) vocabulary at 15 months (assessed with the MB-CDI) contributed to DLD risk at 3 and at 4;6 years, also mediating the effects of gesture production at 15 months (again assessed with the MB-CDI).”

    From Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [75]

  • Biological and environmental risk factors for DLD have been detected under the age of 36 months.

    “In addition, biological and environmental risk factors for DLD have been detected under the age of 36 months [75,76,77,78,80,81].”

    From Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [75]

  • The following age ranges have been identified for assessment of potential predictors of DLD: communicative gestures between 12 and 30 months; communication and receptive lexical skills between 15 and 30 months; expressive lexical skills between 15 and 32 months; syntactic comprehension from 28 months onward; word combination from 30 months onward; non-word repetition from 32 months onward; and Exp

    “The following age ranges have been identified: (a) use of communicative gestures between 12 and 30 months [75,79,80,81,86]; (b) communication and receptive lexical skills between 15 and 30 months [75,82,83,86]; (c) expressive lexical skills between 15 and 32 months [75,76,82,83,86,87]; (d) syntactic comprehension from 28 months onward [88]; (f) word combination from 30 months onward [89]; (g) non”

    From Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review (2021) · cites this paper as [75]

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Authors
Hsu, H.-C., & Iyer, S. N.
Affiliations
University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author
Hsu, Hui-Chin
ORCID
Hsu, Hui-Chin
Venue
Research in Developmental Disabilities
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-10
Volume
57
Pages
201-210
ISSN
0891-4222 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ridd.2016.06.012
OpenAlex
W2505338199
Cited by
31
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 1
FWCI
3.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Research in Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Hearing Impairment and Communication
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Keywords
gesture, vocabulary development, language impairment, preschool children, vocabulary comprehension, vocabulary production, early intervention, early diagnosis, child language acquisition
MeSH terms
Child, Preschool, Female, Gestures, Humans, Infant, Language Development Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Risk, Sex Factors, Social Class, Vocabulary, Risk Assessment, Comprehension

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