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Cited by 66Respiratory and Cough-Related ResearchPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsAsthma and respiratory diseases

Breathing retraining - A five-year follow-up of patients with dysfunctional breathing

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Hagman, Carina, Janson, Christer, Emtner, Margareta·2011·Respiratory Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.03.006
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Abstract

Introduction The term dysfunctional breathing (DB) has been introduced to describe patients who display divergent breathing patterns and have breathing problems that cannot be attributed to a specific medical diagnosis. Patients with DB are often misdiagnosed as having asthma. Objectives To describe patients with DB, five years after a breathing retraining intervention. Methods Out of initially 25 patients with DB and 25 age and sex-matched patients with asthma, 22 patients with DB and 23 patients with asthma (ages 25-78 years) were followed up after five years. Data were collected from posted self-report questionnaires. Only patients with DB had received breathing retraining, consisting of information, advice and diaphragmatic breathing. Patients were evaluated regarding quality of life (SF-36), anxiety, depression, sense of coherence, hyperventilation, influence on daily life, emergency room (ER) visits, and symptoms associated with DB. Results Quality of life (SF-36), physical component summary scale (PCS), had improved in patients with DB from 43 to 47 (p = 0.03). The number of ER visits had decreased from 18 to 2 in patients with DB (p = 0.02). Symptoms associated with DB had decreased extensively, from a mean score of 6.9 to 2.7, on a DB criterion list (p < 0.001). Patients with DB were less impaired by their breathing problems both in daily life and when exercising (p < 0.001). The only difference found over time in the asthma group concerned quality of health, bodily pain, which had deteriorated, from 77 to 68 (p = 0.049). Conclusion This five-year follow-up study indicates that patients with dysfunctional breathing benefit from breathing retraining.

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  • Recognising variations in breathing pattern in asthmatics may provide a way of identifying those patients who would benefit from breathing retraining to target abnormal breathing mechanics.

    “Recognising variations in breathing pattern in asthmatics may provide a way of identifying those patients who would benefit from breathing retraining to target abnormal breathing mechanics [18].”

    From Dysfunctional breathing: a review of the literature and proposal for classification (2016) · cites this paper as [18]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says dysfunctional breathing can coexist with genuine asthma and reports that patients treated for asthma who had symptoms suggestive of dysfunctional breathing benefited from breathing retraining. The paper does not establish that recognising variations in breathing pattern identifies which patients with asthma will benefit: its Intervention section says the asthma comparison group received no retraining. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • The results were synthesised using a narrative approach aligned with the JBI framework recommendations for scoping reviews.

    “The results were synthesised using a narrative approach aligned with the JBI framework recommendations for scoping reviews (29).”

    From How is dysfunctional breathing characterised in the clinical literature? A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [29]

    The Measurements and Discussion sections describe questionnaires and outcomes in a five-year follow-up of patients with dysfunctional breathing. Our copy does not address narrative synthesis or JBI recommendations for scoping reviews (searched: JBI framework, narrative synthesis, Joanna Briggs Institute). No page numbers are available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Van Dixhoorn J. Hyperventilation and dysfunctional breathing. Biol Psychol 1997;46:90e1.

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Authors
Hagman, C., Janson, C., & Emtner, M.
Affiliations
Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author
Hagman, Carina
ORCID
Venue
Respiratory Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-08
Volume
105
Issue
8
Pages
1153-1159
ISSN
0954-6111 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.rmed.2011.03.006
OpenAlex
W2064865602
Cited by
66
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI
3.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Respiratory Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Centrum fÖr Klinisk Forskning Dalarna
  • Bror Hjerpstedts stiftelse
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Keywords
dysfunctional breathing, breathing retraining, diaphragmatic breathing, long-term follow-up, quality of life, asthma misdiagnosis, emergency department visits, hyperventilation, anxiety and depression, sense of coherence
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Asthma, Breathing Exercises, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hyperventilation, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Respiration Disorders, Stress, Psychological, Case-Control Studies, Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Young Adult, Self Report

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